Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) for Indonesian Tax Purposes: Economic Analysis of Law Approach
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Jun 13, 2022
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Abstract
The aim of this paper was to examine the application of the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) agreement through the point of view of Economic Analysis of Law Theory. This study used a normative legal method with a statute approach, conceptual approach, and comparative approach. The result of this study indicated that: first, AEoI has caused a relocation of deposits but has not led to significant repatriation of funds. The least compliant country of AEoI receives incentives in the form of transferring funds from countries that are aggressively implementing AEoI. Hence, in general, it does not change the amount of funds managed abroad. Second, by using game theory: prisoner's dilemma, it is known that the best decision for Indonesia to respond to the AEoI is to conduct a moratorium on the AEoI agreement.
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Yasa, P. G. A. S., Monteiro, S., Atmaja, B. K. D., Sudiarawan, K. A., & Padmawati, N. K. T. (2022). Automatic Exchange of Information (AEoI) for Indonesian Tax Purposes: Economic Analysis of Law Approach. Lex Scientia Law Review, 6(1), 157-186. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i1.55143
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References
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Nugraha, Erik, and Audita Setiawan. “Pengampunan Pajak Sebuah Kajian Interpretif.” Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset) 10, no. 2 (2018): 211–23. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v10i2.13401.
Nurfaika Ishak, Rahmad Ramadhan Hasibuan, Tri Suhendra Arbani. “Bureaucratic and Political Collaboration Towards a Good Governance System”. Bestuur 8, no. 1 (2020): 19-26. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v8i1.42922.
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Posner, Richard A. Economic Analysis of Law. Wolters kluwer law & business, 2014.
Putri, Novalinda Nadya. “Penerapan Prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare Dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana Internasional.” DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 1 (2021): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30596%2Fdll.v6i1.5537.
Ramada, Diadra Preludio. “Prevention of Money Laundering: Various Models, Problems and Challenges”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 3, no. 1 (2022): 67-84. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v3i1.54837.
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Wibowo, Muhtar Hadi. “Corporate Responsibility in Money Laundering Crime (Perspective Criminal Law Policy in Crime of Corruption in Indonesia)”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 3, no. 2 (2018): 213-36. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.22740.
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Yuherawan, Deni Setya Bagus. 2020. “Obstruction of Justice in Corruption Cases”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 5, no. 1 (2020): 225-56. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v5i1.38575.
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Akmam, Sidharta. “Pertukaran Otomatis Dalam Informasi: Perspektif Ekonomi Politik.” Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 10, no. 2 (2017): 133–46. https://www.e-journal.unair.ac.id/JHI/article/viewFile/7301/4416.
“Amnesti Pajak: Deklarasi Berhasil Namun Repatriasi Gagal - BBC News Indonesia.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/indonesia-39446034.
Anggia, Putri. “Provision of Elimination of Tax Administrative Sanctions in Indonesia on 2008 and 2015 Case: Establishment of Tax Law”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 1, no. 1 (2017): 87-104. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v1i01.16570.
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Dagan, Hanoch, and Roy Kreitner. “Economic Analysis in Law.” Yale Journal on Regulation 38 (2021): 566-588. https://openyls.law.yale.edu/handle/20.500.13051/8326.
Darmanti, Riska Marlinda, and Darmawan Mangkan. “The Implementation of Automatic Exchange of Information as a Tool to Tackle Offshore Tax Evasion: An Experience from Indonesia.” Scientax 2, no. 1 (October 23, 2020): 100–122. https://doi.org/10.52869/ST.V2I1.61.
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“Dukung AEoI, Pemerintah Perkuat Pendekatan Bilateral Dan Multilateral.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://m.mediaindonesia.com/amp/amp_detail/156185-dukung-aeoi-pemerintah-perkuat-pendekatan-bilateral-dan-multilateral.
Fiechter, Jean-Rodolphe W. “Exchange of Tax Information: The End of Banking Secrecy in Switzerland and Singapore.” International Tax Journal 36 (2010): 55-67. https://www.kellerhals-carrard.ch/docs/de/people/publikationen/Fiechter_ITJ_36-06.pdf.
“G20 Segera Mengimplementasi Program Pertukaran Informasi Pajak Secara Otomatis.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://www.kemenkeu.go.id/publikasi/siaran-pers-lama/g20-segera-mengimplementasi-program-pertukaran-informasi-pajak-secara-otomatis/.
Gadžo, Stjepan, and Irena Klemenčić. “Effective International Information Exchange as a Key Element of Modern Tax Systems: Promises and Pitfalls of the OECD’s Common Reporting Standard.” Public Sector Economics 41, no. 2 (2017): 207–26. https://doi.org/10.3326/pse.41.2.3.
Gennadi, Tolstopyatenko, and Ageev Stanislav. “The Roots of Legal Problems Arising in the Course of Automatic Exchange of Information in Tax Matters Between the EU and Russia.” Russian Law Journal 9, no. 4 (2021): 99–127. https://doi.org/10.17589/2309-8678-2021-9-4-99-127.
Hakim, Muh Ridha. “Implementasi Rechtsvinding Yang Berkarakteristik Hukum Progresif.” Jurnal Hukum Dan Peradilan 5, no. 2 (2016): 227–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.5.2.2016.227-248.
Hidayat, Shubhan Noor, Lego Karjoko, and Sapto Hermawan. “Discourse on Legal Expression in Arrangements of Corruption Eradication in Indonesia”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 5, no. 2 (2020): 391-418. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v5i2.40670.
“Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Indonesia Kalah Dari Timor Leste | Republika Online.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qnmuoz428/indeks-persepsi-korupsi-indonesia-kalah-dari-timor-leste.
Indonesia, The Republic of. Law Number 9 of 2017 concerning Enactment of Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 1 of 2017 on Access to Financial Information for Tax Purposes to Become Law (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 95 of 2017). (2017).
Johannesen, Niels, and Gabriel Zucman. “The End of Bank Secrecy? An Evaluation of the G20 Tax Haven Crackdown.” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 6, no. 1 (2014): 65–91. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.1257/pol.6.1.65.
“Kinerja Pajak 2018, Lagi-Lagi Tak Capai Target.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/market/20190103101148-17-48886/kinerja-pajak-2018-lagi-lagi-tak-capai-target.
Leo, Ahrens, Fabio Bothner, Luka Hakelberg, and Thomas Rixen. “Capital Taxation and International Cooperation, The Causes and Consequences of Automatic Exchange of Information In: Combating Fiscal Fraud and Empowering Regulators: Bringing Tax Money Back into the COFFERS.” Oxford University Press, 2021, 112–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198854722.003.0007.
Manan, Bagir, and Susi Dwi Harijanti. “Artikel Kehormatan: Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang Dalam Perspektif Ajaran Konstitusi Dan Prinsip Negara Hukum.” Padjadjaran Journal of Law 4, no. 2 (2017): 222–43. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v4n2.a1.
“MOF | Press Releases.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://www.mof.gov.sg/news-publications/press-releases/Singapore-Is-Ready-To-Have-An-AEOI-Relationship-With-Indonesia-.
Moon, William J. “Tax Havens as Producers of Corporate Law.” Michigan Law Review 116, no. 6 (April 1, 2018): 1081–1100. https://doi.org/10.36644/mlr.116.6.tax.
Moore, Adam. “Intellectual Property and the Prisoner’s Dilemma: A Game Theory Justification of Copyrights, Patents, and Trade Secrets.” Fordham Intellectual Property, Media and Entertainment Law Journal 28, no. 4 (January 1, 2018). https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/iplj/vol28/iss4/3.
Nugraha, Erik, and Audita Setiawan. “Pengampunan Pajak Sebuah Kajian Interpretif.” Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset) 10, no. 2 (2018): 211–23. https://doi.org/10.17509/jaset.v10i2.13401.
Nurfaika Ishak, Rahmad Ramadhan Hasibuan, Tri Suhendra Arbani. “Bureaucratic and Political Collaboration Towards a Good Governance System”. Bestuur 8, no. 1 (2020): 19-26. https://doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v8i1.42922.
“Pertukaran Data Keuangan Dengan Singapura Mulai September.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://nasional.kontan.co.id/news/pertukaran-data-keuangan-dengan-singapura-mulai-september.
Pindyck, Robert S., and Daniel L. Rubinfeld. Mikroekonomi. (Eight Edit. Jakarta: Erlangga, 2014).
Posner, Richard A. Economic Analysis of Law. Wolters kluwer law & business, 2014.
Putri, Novalinda Nadya. “Penerapan Prinsip Aut Dedere Aut Judicare Dalam Penegakan Hukum Pidana Internasional.” DE LEGA LATA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 6, no. 1 (2021): 139–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30596%2Fdll.v6i1.5537.
Ramada, Diadra Preludio. “Prevention of Money Laundering: Various Models, Problems and Challenges”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 3, no. 1 (2022): 67-84. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v3i1.54837.
Situmorang, James R. “Penggunaan Game Theory Dalam Ilmu Sosial.” Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis 11, no. 2 (2016). http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1157.
Sulistyorini, Isti, and Siti Zulaekhah. “Economic Analysis of Law Pada Perubahan Kebijakan Kontrak Karya Menjadi Ijin Usaha Pertambangan Khusus (IUPK): Studi Kasus Pt. Freeport Indonesia.” Pena Justisia: Media Komunikasi dan Kajian Hukum 17, no. 2 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/pj.v17i2.544.
Suramin, Suramin. “Indonesian Anti-Corruption Law Enforcement: Current Problems and Challenges”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, no. 2 (2021): 225-42. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i2.46612.
“Switzerland Takes Further Step towards Introduction of Automatic Exchange of Information.” Accessed February 14, 2022. https://www.sif.admin.ch/sif/en/home/dokumentation/medienmitteilungen/medienmitteilungen.msg-id-55327.html.
Tan, David, and Lu Sudirman. “Final Income Tax: A Classic Contemporary Concept to Increase Voluntary Tax Compliance Among Legal Professions in Indonesia”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 5, no. 1 (2020): 125-70. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v5i1.37308.
Urinov, Vokhid. “Developing Country Perspectives on Automatic Exchange of Tax Information.” Law, Social Justice & Global Development Journal 1 (2015). https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2684111.
Wibowo, Muhtar Hadi. “Corporate Responsibility in Money Laundering Crime (Perspective Criminal Law Policy in Crime of Corruption in Indonesia)”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 3, no. 2 (2018): 213-36. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.22740.
Yu, Shiqing. “Still Keeping Secrets? Bank Secrecy, Money Laundering, and Anti-Money Laundering in Switzerland and Singapore.” IALS Student Law Review 6 (2019): 19-25. https://doi.org/10.14296/islr.v0i0.4955.
Yuherawan, Deni Setya Bagus. 2020. “Obstruction of Justice in Corruption Cases”. JILS (Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies) 5, no. 1 (2020): 225-56. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v5i1.38575.