Intentionally Changing Everything: Deliberate Constructing in Corruption Case
Main Article Content
Abstract
Handling corruption cases is not always consistent in emphasizing the element of intention/intentionally. Theoretically, the concept of deliberation has been put forward by some experts. However, in the realm of implementation the theoretical studies of those experts become contradictory. This is because there is no certainty of indicators of intent. Deliberation in this research is viewed from criminal law and psychology. The method used in this research is Forum Group Discussion (FGD). Then also is performed professional judgment by legal practitioners and academics. The results show that law enforcers have a common perception in viewing the deliberate in cases of corruption. Law enforcers in understanding the Articles use the theory of science and the theory of Possibility in Certainty. It is deliberate behavior when viewed from psychology produces a construct that can be measured using the science theory.
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How to Cite
Kamsi, K., Julianto, V., Billah, M., & Karimullah, S. S. (2023). Intentionally Changing Everything: Deliberate Constructing in Corruption Case. Lex Scientia Law Review, 7(2), 449-488. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i2.59866
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References
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Lustrilanang, Pius, Suwarno, Darusalam, Lutfi Trisandi Rizki, Normah Omar, and Jamaliah Said. “The Role of Control of Corruption and Quality of Governance in ASEAN: Evidence from DOLS and FMOLS Test.” Cogent Business & Management 10, no. 1 (2023): 2154060. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2154060.
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Nieuwenboer, Niki A Den, and Muel Kaptein. “Spiraling down into Corruption: A Dynamic Analysis of the Social Identity Processes That Cause Corruption in Organizations to Grow.” Journal of Business Ethics 83, no. 2 (2008): 133–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9617-8.
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Prabowo, Hendi Yogi, Rizki Hamdani, and Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi. “The New Face of People Power: An Exploratory Study on the Potential of Social Media for Combating Corruption in Indonesia.” Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal 12, no. 3 (2018).
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Prabowo, Hendi Yogi, M Syamsudin, and Jaka Sriyana. “Understanding Corruption from Behavioral Perspective: A Case Study of Yogyakarta Special Province.” European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences 55 (2012): 97–105.
Quoc Bui, Dung, Sy Tien Bui, Nga Kim Thi Le, Lan Mai Nguyen, Tung The Dau, and Trung Tran. “Two Decades of Corruption Research in ASEAN: A Bibliometrics Analysis in Scopus Database (2000–2020).” Cogent Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (2021): 2006520. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2006520.
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Syarqawi, H. M. Ilm Nafs Islami. (Alexandria: Al Hay, 1979).
Treviño, Linda K, Gary R Weaver, and Scott J Reynolds. “Behavioral Ethics in Organizations: A Review.” Journal of Management 32, no. 6 (2006): 951–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063062942.
Yuan, Toh Kim, and Suryati Ishak. “Relationship Between Corruption, Governance, and Economic Growth in ASEAN.” Shifting Economic, Financial and Banking Paradigm: New Systems to Encounter COVID-19, 2022, 119–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79610-5_8.
Zhao, Huanhuan, Heyun Zhang, and Yan Xu. “Effects of Perceived Descriptive Norms on Corrupt Intention: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement.” International Journal of Psychology 54, no. 1 (2019): 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12401.
Ajzen, Icek. Attitudes, Personality and Behavior. (UK: Open University Press-McGraw Hill Education., 2005).
Ajzen, Icek, and Martin Fishbein. Understanding Attitudes and Predicting Social Behavior. (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1980).
Al-Hussein, Khalid. “The Use of Social Media and Perceptions of Corruption within the Jordanian Political Elite.” Technology in Society 62 (2020): 101334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101334.
Alfada, Anisah. “The Destructive Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth in Indonesia: A Threshold Model.” Heliyon 5, no. 10 (2019): e02649. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02649.
Bai, Bao‐yu, Xiao‐xiao Liu, and Yu Kou. “Belief in a Just World Lowers Bribery Intention.” Asian Journal of Social Psychology 19, no. 1 (2016): 66–75. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajsp.12108.
Banjo, Elstonsius, Surastini Fitriasih, and Eva Achjany Zulfa. “Maladministration and Intentionality on the Criminal Corruption Court in Indonesia.” PETITA 7 (2022): 64. https://doi.org/10.22373/petita.v7i2.147.
Bawenangan, Gerson B. Hukum Pidana Dalam Teori Dan Praktek. Jakarta: PT. Pradnya Paramita, 1983.
Brada, Josef C, Zdenek Drabek, Jose A Mendez, and M Fabricio Perez. “National Levels of Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment.” Journal of Comparative Economics 47, no. 1 (2019): 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.10.005.
Chan, Winnie. “Four Functions of Mens Rea.” The Cambridge Law Journal 70, no. 2 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197311000547.
Chizanah, Lu’luatul, and M. Noor Rochman Hadjam. “Penyusunan Instrumen Pengukuran Ikhlas.” Psikologika : Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi 18, no. 1 (March 15, 2013): 39–49. https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol18.iss1.art5.
Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro. “Who Cares about Corruption?” Journal of International Business Studies 37 (2006): 807–22. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400223.
Dávid-Barrett, Elizabeth, and Mihály Fazekas. “Grand Corruption and Government Change: An Analysis of Partisan Favoritism in Public Procurement.” European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 26 (2020): 411–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10610-019-09416-4.
Ebekozien, Andrew. “Corrupt Acts in the Nigerian Construction Industry: Is the Ruling Party Fighting Corruption?” Journal of Contemporary African Studies 38, no. 3 (2020): 348–65. https://doi.org/10.1080/02589001.2020.1758304.
Frolova, Irina I, Olga Yurievna Voronkova, Natalia Andreevna Alekhina, Irina Kovaleva, Natalia A Prodanova, and Liudmila V Kashirskaya. “Corruption as an Obstacle to Sustainable Development: A Regional Example.” Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues 7, no. 1 (2019): 674. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.1(48).
Gioia, Dennis A. “Pinto Fires and Personal Ethics: A Script Analysis of Missed Opportunities.” Journal of Business Ethics 11, no. 5 (1992): 379–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00870550.
Goldberg, Lewis R. “An Alternative" Description of Personality": The Big-Five Factor Structure.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 59, no. 6 (1990): 1216. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.59.6.1216.
Gründler, Klaus, and Niklas Potrafke. “Corruption and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence.” European Journal of Political Economy 60 (2019): 101810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.08.001.
Hariati, Kalia. “Pembuktian Tindak Pidana Dengan Terang-Terangan dan Tenaga Bersama Menggunakan Kekerasan Terhadap Orang Yang Mengakibatkan Luka-Luka (Studi Putusan Nomor: 256/PID.B/2010/PN.DGL).” Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Legal Opinion 1, no. 4 (2013): 1–9.
Haw, Tiang Jang, Jerome Kueh, and Shirly Wong Siew Ling. “Corruption and Growth in ASEAN Countries: A Non-Linear Investigation.” International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i3/7055.
Hiariej, E.O.S. Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana. (Yogyakarta: Sinar Atma Pustaka, 2017).
Hiariej, Eddy Omar Sharif. “United Nations Convention Against Corruption Dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia.” Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 31, no. 1 (2019): 112–25. https://doi.org/10.22146/jmh.43968.
Hosseini, M Reza, Igor Martek, Saeed Banihashemi, Albert P C Chan, Amos Darko, and Mahdi Tahmasebi. “Distinguishing Characteristics of Corruption Risks in Iranian Construction Projects: A Weighted Correlation Network Analysis.” Science and Engineering Ethics 26 (2020): 205–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00089-0.
Hughes, Brennan T. “The Crucial Corrupt Intent Element in Federal Bribery Laws.” California Western Law Review 51, no. 1 (2014)
Kaligis, O.C. Praktik Tebang Pilih Perkara Korupsi. (Bandung: Alumni, 2008).
Khan, Anupriya, Satish Krishnan, and Amandeep Dhir. “Electronic Government and Corruption: Systematic Literature Review, Framework, and Agenda for Future Research.” Technological Forecasting and Social Change 167 (2021): 120737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120737.
Kirya, Monica. “Corruption in Universities: Paths to Integrity in the Higher Education Subsector.” U4: Anti-Corruption Resource Centre 10 (2019). https://data.opendevelopmentmekong.net/dataset/0d23d14c-5ec4-45ca-95b0-d4997e7dd713/resource/d0daa8be-8cd3-44f4-9d47-be2af130a324/download/u4_corruption-in-universities_paths-to-integrity-in-the-higher-education-subsector.pdf.
Kirya, Monica. “Education Sector Corruption: How to Assess It and Ways to Address It.” Education 4, no. 5 (2019). https://www.u4.no/publications/education-sector-corruption-how-to-assess-it-and-ways-to-address-it.pdf.
“KPK Is Asked Quickly Investigate Alleged Corruption of Sumber Waras Hospital.” Accessed March 19, 2017. http://metro.sindonewes.com/read/1100332/170/eradication.
Lahey, B. Psychology an Introduction. 2nd ed. (USA: University of Georgia, 1986).
Lamintang, P A F, and Franciscus Theojunior Lamintang. Dasar-Dasar Hukum Pidana Di Indonesia. (Jakarta: Sinar Grafika, 2022).
Lestari, Diana, Dadang Lesmana, Yanzil Azizil Yudaruddin, and Rizky Yudaruddin. “The Impact of Financial Development and Corruption on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries.” Investment Management and Financial Innovations 19, no. 2 (2022): 211–20. https://doi.org/10.21511/imfi.19(2).2022.18.
Lustrilanang, Pius, Suwarno, Darusalam, Lutfi Trisandi Rizki, Normah Omar, and Jamaliah Said. “The Role of Control of Corruption and Quality of Governance in ASEAN: Evidence from DOLS and FMOLS Test.” Cogent Business & Management 10, no. 1 (2023): 2154060. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2154060.
McClelland, David C, and Robert I Watson. “Power Motivation and Risk-Taking Behavior.” Journal of Personality, 1973. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1973.tb00664.x.
Modesto, João Gabriel, and Ronaldo Pilati. “"Why Are the Corrupt, Corrupt?”: The Multilevel Analytical Model of Corruption.” Journal of Psychology 23 (2020): e5. https://doi.org/10.1017/SJP.2020.5.
Moeljatno. Asas-Asas Hukum Pidana. (Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009).
Myers, David G. Social Psychology. 10th ed. (New York: McGraw Hill., 2012).
Nardo, Massimo N, and Ronald D Francis. “Morality and the Prevention of Corruption: Action or Intent–a New Look at an Old Problem.” Journal of Financial Crime, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791211220403.
Nieuwenboer, Niki A Den, and Muel Kaptein. “Spiraling down into Corruption: A Dynamic Analysis of the Social Identity Processes That Cause Corruption in Organizations to Grow.” Journal of Business Ethics 83, no. 2 (2008): 133–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-007-9617-8.
Nonaka, Ikujiro, Ryoko Toyama, and Noboru Konno. “SECI, Ba and Leadership: A Unified Model of Dynamic Knowledge Creation.” Long Range Planning 33, no. 1 (2000): 5–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(99)00115-6.
Onody, Vanessa da Silva Mariotto, Ana Catarina Gandra de Carvalho, Eduardo Polloni-Silva, Guilherme Augusto Roiz, Enzo Barberio Mariano, Daisy Aparecida Nascimento Rebelatto, and Herick Fernando Moralles. “Corruption and FDI in Brazil: Contesting the ‘Sand’ or ‘Grease’ Hypotheses.” Sustainability 14, no. 10 (2022): 6288. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14106288.
Palmer, Donald. “Extending the Process Model of Collective Corruption.” Research in Organizational Behavior 28 (2008): 107–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2008.04.005.
Petraitis, John, Brian R Flay, and Todd Q Miller. “Reviewing Theories of Adolescent Substance Use: Organizing Pieces in the Puzzle.” Psychological Bulletin 117, no. 1 (1995): 67. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.117.1.67.
Prabowo, Hendi Yogi, Rizki Hamdani, and Zuraidah Mohd Sanusi. “The New Face of People Power: An Exploratory Study on the Potential of Social Media for Combating Corruption in Indonesia.” Australasian Accounting, Business and Finance Journal 12, no. 3 (2018).
Prabowo, Hendi Yogi, Jaka Sriyana, and Muhammad Syamsudin. “Forgetting Corruption: Unlearning the Knowledge of Corruption in the Indonesian Public Sector.” Journal of Financial Crime, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-07-2016-0048.
Prabowo, Hendi Yogi, M Syamsudin, and Jaka Sriyana. “Understanding Corruption from Behavioral Perspective: A Case Study of Yogyakarta Special Province.” European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences 55 (2012): 97–105.
Quoc Bui, Dung, Sy Tien Bui, Nga Kim Thi Le, Lan Mai Nguyen, Tung The Dau, and Trung Tran. “Two Decades of Corruption Research in ASEAN: A Bibliometrics Analysis in Scopus Database (2000–2020).” Cogent Social Sciences 7, no. 1 (2021): 2006520. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2006520.
Rabl, Tanja. Private Corruption and Its Actors: Insights into the Subjective Decision Making Processes. (Pabst Science Publishers, 2008).
Rest, James R. “Moral Development: Advances in Research and Theory,” 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10822/811393.
Rubasundram, Geetha A. “Disrupting Corruption Using Education: A ‘Prisoner’s Dilemma’ Approach.” International Annals of Criminology 59, no. 2 (2021): 119–35. https://doi.org/10.1017/cri.2021.13.
Setiawan, Muhammad Arif, and Mahrus Ali. “When Double Intention Ignored: A Study of Corruption Judicial Decisions.” Jurnal Hukum IUS QUIA IUSTUM 28, no. 3 (2021): 459–80. https://doi.org/10.20885/iustum.vol28.iss3.art1
Shepherd, Dean A, Vinit Parida, and Joakim Wincent. “Bribery from a Micro, Demand-Side Perspective.” Small Business Economics 57 (2021): 1661–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-020-00389-x.
Syarqawi, H. M. Ilm Nafs Islami. (Alexandria: Al Hay, 1979).
Treviño, Linda K, Gary R Weaver, and Scott J Reynolds. “Behavioral Ethics in Organizations: A Review.” Journal of Management 32, no. 6 (2006): 951–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063062942.
Yuan, Toh Kim, and Suryati Ishak. “Relationship Between Corruption, Governance, and Economic Growth in ASEAN.” Shifting Economic, Financial and Banking Paradigm: New Systems to Encounter COVID-19, 2022, 119–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79610-5_8.
Zhao, Huanhuan, Heyun Zhang, and Yan Xu. “Effects of Perceived Descriptive Norms on Corrupt Intention: The Mediating Role of Moral Disengagement.” International Journal of Psychology 54, no. 1 (2019): 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12401.