Abidin, R., Abdullah C.S, Hasnan N & Bajuri A.L (2014), The Relationship of Cyberloafing Behavior with Big Five Personality Traits, Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Science, 8 (12), 61-66.
Al-Shuaibi, Ahmad Said & Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, Chandrakantan Subramanian (2013), Do Human Resource Management Practices Matter in Reducing Cyberloafing at Work: Evidence from Jordan, Journal of WEI Business and Economics, 2 (2), 1-11.
Anandarajan, M., N. Paravastu & C. Simmers (2006), Perceptions of Personal Web Usage in the Workplace: AQ-Methodology Approach, Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 9 (3), 325–335.
Anandarajan, M., C. Simmers, & M. Igbaria (2000), An Exploratory Investigation of The Antecedents and Impact of Internet Usage: An Individual Perspective, Behaviour and Information Technology, 19 (1), 69-85.
Ardilasari, Noratika & Ari Firmanto (2017), Hubungan Self Control dan Perilaku Cyberloafing pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 5 (1), 19-39.
Arshad, Madiha., Muhammad Aftab & Hifza Bukhari (2016), The Impact of Job Characteristics and Role Stressors on Cyberloafing: The Case of Pakistan, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 6 (12), 244-252.
Baumeister, R.F (2002), Handbook of Social Psychology, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Belanger, F & C Van Slyke (2002), Abuse or Learning?, Communications of the ACM, 45 (1), 617-638.
Beugre, C.D & D. Kim (2006), Cyberloafing: Vice or Virtue, Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management.
Blancard, AL & CA Henle (2008), Correlates of Different Form of Cyberloafing: The Role of Norms and External Locus of Control, Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1067-1084.
Block, W (2001), Cyberslacking, Business Ethics and Managerial Economics. Journal of Business Ethics, 33, 225-231.
Bock, G., Y. Shin, P. Liu & H. Sun (2010), The Role of Task Characteristics and Organisational Culture in Non-Work-Related Computing: A Fit Perspective, Advances in Information Systems, 41 (2), 132-151.
Colley, A & J. Maltby (2008), Impact of the Internet on Our Lives: Male and Female Personal Perspectives, Computers in Human Behaviour, 24, 2005-2013.
Garrett, R Kelly & James N Danziger (2008a), Disaffection or Expected Outcomes: Understanding Personal Internet Use During Work, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 937–958.
Garrett, R Kelly & James N Danziger (2008b), On Cyberslacking: Workplace Status and Personal Internet Use at Work, Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 287–292.
Gottfredson, M.R & T. Hirschi (1990), A General Theory of Crime, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Griffiths, M (2010), Internet Abuse and Internet Addiction in The Workplace, Journal of Workplace Learning, 22 (7), 463–472.
Henle, CA & AL Blancard (2008), The Interaction of Work Stressor and Organizational Sanction on Cyberloafing, Journal of Managerial Issues, 20, 383-400.
Jamal, Muhammad & Vishwanath V. Baba (1992), Shiftrwork and Departmen-Type Related to Job Stress, Work Attitude and Behavioral Intentions: A Study of Nurse, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 449-464.
Johnson, P.R & J. Indvik (2003), The Organisational Benefits of Reducing Cyberslacking in The Workplace, Communications and Conflict, 7 (2), 53-59.
Kim, H & K.E Davis (2009), Toward a Comprehensive Theory of Problematic Internet Use: Evaluating the Role of Self-Esteem, Anxiety, Flow, and The Self-Rated Importance of Internet Activities, Computers in Human Behaviour, 25, 490-500.
Koay, Kian Yeik., Patrick Chin-Hooi Soh & Kok Wai Chew (2017), Do Employees’s Private Demands Lead to Cyberloafing? The Mediating Role of Job Stress, Management Research Review, 40 (9), 1025-1038.
Kusumawati, Aqsa & Rosaly Fransiska (2018), Work-Family Conflict and Cyberloafing: The Mediating Role of Work Stress, Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 1 (2), 86-93.
Liberman, B., G. Seidman, K.Y.A McKenna, & L.E Buffardi (2011), Employee Job Attitudes and Organizational Characteristics as Predictors of Cyberloafing, Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 2192–2199.
Lim, V.K.G & D.J.O Chen (2009), Cyberloafing at The Workplace: Gain or Drain on Work? Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–11.
Lim, V.K.G & T.S.H Teo (2005), Prevalence, Perceived Seriousness, Justification and Regulation of Cyberloafing in Singapore: an Exploratory Study, Information and Management, 42, 1081-1093.
Lim, V (2002), The IT Way of Loafing on The Job: Cyberloafing, Neutralizing and Organizational Justice, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23 (5), 675-694.
Lim, Vivien K.G & Don Jiaqing Chen (2012), Cyberloafing at The Workplace: Gain or Drain on Work?, Behavior and Information Technology, 31 (4), 343-353.
Lynn, B., S. Coker & B.L.S Coker (2011), Freedom to Surf : The Positive Effects of Workplace Internet Leisure Browsing, New Technology, Work, and Employment, 26 (3), 238–247.
Malhotra, S (2013), Cyberloafing a Holistic Perspective, An Online Interdisciplinary, Multidisciplinary dan Multi-cultural Journal, 2.
McLean, L., M. Tingley, R.N Scott & J. Richards (2001), Computer Terminal Work and The Benefit of Micro Breaks, Applied Ergonomics, 32, 225-237.
Ono, H & M. Zavodny (2003), Gender and the Internet, Social Science Quarterly, 84 (1), 111-121.
Oravec, J.A (2002), Constructive Approaches to Internet Recreation in The Workplace, Communications of the Acm, 45, 60–63.
Ozler, Derya Ergun & Gulcin Polat (2012), Cyberloafing Phenomenon in Organizations: Determinants and Impacts, International Journal of eBusiness and eGovernment Studies, 4 (2), 2146-0744.
Rahman, M & A. Abdul-Gader (1993), Knowledge Workers’ Use of Support Software in Saudi Arabia, Information and Management, 25, 303-311.
Ramadhan, Vian Arsita & Erita Yuliaseti Diah Sari (2018), Perilaku Cyberloafing pada Pekerja Perempuan, Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 6 (2), 213-224.
Robbins, Stephen & T.A Judge (2008), Perilaku Organisasi, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
Salleh, A.L., R.A Bakar & W.K Keong (2008), How Detrimental is Job Stress? : A Case Study Of Executives in the Malaysian Furniture Industry, International Review of Business Research Papers, 4 (5).
Sari, Suci Laria & Ika Zenita Ratnaningsih (2018), Hubungan antara Kontrol Diri dengan Intensi Cyberloafing pada Pegawai Dinas X Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Jurnal Empati, 7 (2), 160-166.
Seymour, L & K. Nadasen (2007), Web Access for IT Staff: A Developing World Perspective on Web Abuse, The Electronic Library, 25 (5), 543–557.
Stanton, J.M (2002), Company Profile of The Frequent Internet User, Communications of the ACM, 45, 55–59.
Wasian, Gretiano (2019), Dampak Internet Tanpa Batas di Dunia Kerja: Cyberloafing, Buletin Jagaddhita, Januari.
Weatherbee, T.G (2010), Counterproductive Use of Technology at Work: Information & Communications Technologies and Cyberdeviancy, Human Resource Management Review, 20 (1), 35-44.
Yellowlees, P.M & S. Marks (2007), Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction?, Computers in Human Behaviour, 23, 1447-1453.
Young, K (2010), Policies and Procedures to Manage Employee Internet abuse, Computers in Human Behavior, 26 (6), 1467-1471.
Al-Shuaibi, Ahmad Said & Faridahwati Mohd Shamsudin, Chandrakantan Subramanian (2013), Do Human Resource Management Practices Matter in Reducing Cyberloafing at Work: Evidence from Jordan, Journal of WEI Business and Economics, 2 (2), 1-11.
Anandarajan, M., N. Paravastu & C. Simmers (2006), Perceptions of Personal Web Usage in the Workplace: AQ-Methodology Approach, Cyberpsychology and Behavior, 9 (3), 325–335.
Anandarajan, M., C. Simmers, & M. Igbaria (2000), An Exploratory Investigation of The Antecedents and Impact of Internet Usage: An Individual Perspective, Behaviour and Information Technology, 19 (1), 69-85.
Ardilasari, Noratika & Ari Firmanto (2017), Hubungan Self Control dan Perilaku Cyberloafing pada Pegawai Negeri Sipil, Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 5 (1), 19-39.
Arshad, Madiha., Muhammad Aftab & Hifza Bukhari (2016), The Impact of Job Characteristics and Role Stressors on Cyberloafing: The Case of Pakistan, International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 6 (12), 244-252.
Baumeister, R.F (2002), Handbook of Social Psychology, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Belanger, F & C Van Slyke (2002), Abuse or Learning?, Communications of the ACM, 45 (1), 617-638.
Beugre, C.D & D. Kim (2006), Cyberloafing: Vice or Virtue, Emerging Trends and Challenges in Information Technology Management.
Blancard, AL & CA Henle (2008), Correlates of Different Form of Cyberloafing: The Role of Norms and External Locus of Control, Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 1067-1084.
Block, W (2001), Cyberslacking, Business Ethics and Managerial Economics. Journal of Business Ethics, 33, 225-231.
Bock, G., Y. Shin, P. Liu & H. Sun (2010), The Role of Task Characteristics and Organisational Culture in Non-Work-Related Computing: A Fit Perspective, Advances in Information Systems, 41 (2), 132-151.
Colley, A & J. Maltby (2008), Impact of the Internet on Our Lives: Male and Female Personal Perspectives, Computers in Human Behaviour, 24, 2005-2013.
Garrett, R Kelly & James N Danziger (2008a), Disaffection or Expected Outcomes: Understanding Personal Internet Use During Work, Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13, 937–958.
Garrett, R Kelly & James N Danziger (2008b), On Cyberslacking: Workplace Status and Personal Internet Use at Work, Cyberpsychology & Behavior, 11, 287–292.
Gottfredson, M.R & T. Hirschi (1990), A General Theory of Crime, Stanford University Press, Stanford.
Griffiths, M (2010), Internet Abuse and Internet Addiction in The Workplace, Journal of Workplace Learning, 22 (7), 463–472.
Henle, CA & AL Blancard (2008), The Interaction of Work Stressor and Organizational Sanction on Cyberloafing, Journal of Managerial Issues, 20, 383-400.
Jamal, Muhammad & Vishwanath V. Baba (1992), Shiftrwork and Departmen-Type Related to Job Stress, Work Attitude and Behavioral Intentions: A Study of Nurse, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13, 449-464.
Johnson, P.R & J. Indvik (2003), The Organisational Benefits of Reducing Cyberslacking in The Workplace, Communications and Conflict, 7 (2), 53-59.
Kim, H & K.E Davis (2009), Toward a Comprehensive Theory of Problematic Internet Use: Evaluating the Role of Self-Esteem, Anxiety, Flow, and The Self-Rated Importance of Internet Activities, Computers in Human Behaviour, 25, 490-500.
Koay, Kian Yeik., Patrick Chin-Hooi Soh & Kok Wai Chew (2017), Do Employees’s Private Demands Lead to Cyberloafing? The Mediating Role of Job Stress, Management Research Review, 40 (9), 1025-1038.
Kusumawati, Aqsa & Rosaly Fransiska (2018), Work-Family Conflict and Cyberloafing: The Mediating Role of Work Stress, Diponegoro International Journal of Business, 1 (2), 86-93.
Liberman, B., G. Seidman, K.Y.A McKenna, & L.E Buffardi (2011), Employee Job Attitudes and Organizational Characteristics as Predictors of Cyberloafing, Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 2192–2199.
Lim, V.K.G & D.J.O Chen (2009), Cyberloafing at The Workplace: Gain or Drain on Work? Behaviour & Information Technology, 1–11.
Lim, V.K.G & T.S.H Teo (2005), Prevalence, Perceived Seriousness, Justification and Regulation of Cyberloafing in Singapore: an Exploratory Study, Information and Management, 42, 1081-1093.
Lim, V (2002), The IT Way of Loafing on The Job: Cyberloafing, Neutralizing and Organizational Justice, Journal of Organizational Behavior, 23 (5), 675-694.
Lim, Vivien K.G & Don Jiaqing Chen (2012), Cyberloafing at The Workplace: Gain or Drain on Work?, Behavior and Information Technology, 31 (4), 343-353.
Lynn, B., S. Coker & B.L.S Coker (2011), Freedom to Surf : The Positive Effects of Workplace Internet Leisure Browsing, New Technology, Work, and Employment, 26 (3), 238–247.
Malhotra, S (2013), Cyberloafing a Holistic Perspective, An Online Interdisciplinary, Multidisciplinary dan Multi-cultural Journal, 2.
McLean, L., M. Tingley, R.N Scott & J. Richards (2001), Computer Terminal Work and The Benefit of Micro Breaks, Applied Ergonomics, 32, 225-237.
Ono, H & M. Zavodny (2003), Gender and the Internet, Social Science Quarterly, 84 (1), 111-121.
Oravec, J.A (2002), Constructive Approaches to Internet Recreation in The Workplace, Communications of the Acm, 45, 60–63.
Ozler, Derya Ergun & Gulcin Polat (2012), Cyberloafing Phenomenon in Organizations: Determinants and Impacts, International Journal of eBusiness and eGovernment Studies, 4 (2), 2146-0744.
Rahman, M & A. Abdul-Gader (1993), Knowledge Workers’ Use of Support Software in Saudi Arabia, Information and Management, 25, 303-311.
Ramadhan, Vian Arsita & Erita Yuliaseti Diah Sari (2018), Perilaku Cyberloafing pada Pekerja Perempuan, Jurnal Psikologi Integratif, 6 (2), 213-224.
Robbins, Stephen & T.A Judge (2008), Perilaku Organisasi, Salemba Empat, Jakarta.
Salleh, A.L., R.A Bakar & W.K Keong (2008), How Detrimental is Job Stress? : A Case Study Of Executives in the Malaysian Furniture Industry, International Review of Business Research Papers, 4 (5).
Sari, Suci Laria & Ika Zenita Ratnaningsih (2018), Hubungan antara Kontrol Diri dengan Intensi Cyberloafing pada Pegawai Dinas X Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Jurnal Empati, 7 (2), 160-166.
Seymour, L & K. Nadasen (2007), Web Access for IT Staff: A Developing World Perspective on Web Abuse, The Electronic Library, 25 (5), 543–557.
Stanton, J.M (2002), Company Profile of The Frequent Internet User, Communications of the ACM, 45, 55–59.
Wasian, Gretiano (2019), Dampak Internet Tanpa Batas di Dunia Kerja: Cyberloafing, Buletin Jagaddhita, Januari.
Weatherbee, T.G (2010), Counterproductive Use of Technology at Work: Information & Communications Technologies and Cyberdeviancy, Human Resource Management Review, 20 (1), 35-44.
Yellowlees, P.M & S. Marks (2007), Problematic Internet use or Internet addiction?, Computers in Human Behaviour, 23, 1447-1453.
Young, K (2010), Policies and Procedures to Manage Employee Internet abuse, Computers in Human Behavior, 26 (6), 1467-1471.
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Affiliations
Rauly Sijabat
Universitas PGRI Semarang
How to Cite
1.
Sijabat R. Comparative Study of Cyberloafing Outcomes in Male and Female Employees. MAJ [Internet]. 3Sep.2021 [cited 7Nov.2024];10(2):186-97. Available from: https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/maj/article/view/46190
Comparative Study of Cyberloafing Outcomes in Male and Female Employees
Vol 10 No 2 (2021): Management Analysis Journal
Submitted: Apr 5, 2021
Published: Sep 3, 2021
Abstract
Cyberloafing is a new organizational behavior triggered by increasingly easy internet access as a form of using internet facilities provided by companies that have no relevance to work matters. Previous studies have attempted to map variables that can explain cyberloafing even though the results are not yet conclusive. However, empirical testing on cyberloafing outcomes has not been carried out. This study developed a comprehensive research model by testing the variables at the organizational level and the individual level as independent variables as well as conceptualizing and empirically testing cyberloafing outcomes. Model testing was conducted on respondents obtained from several industries engaged in the automotive, education, banking, garment and pharmaceutical sectors using the SEM approach.
The results of overall model test showed that there was a real effect of job characteristics, work stress and self-control in explaining cyberloafing. Furthermore, this study also found that cyberloafing could trigger creativity and laziness in employees. However, comparative testing based on gender showed that in male employees, cyberloafing was only explained by work stress while in female employees cyberloafing was explained by job characteristics. Outcome from cyberloafing was only obtained for female employees where cyberloafing could increase the creativity of female employees.