An analysis of code mixing of an Australian YouTuber “Dave Jephcott” in his Instagram “Londo Kampung”

Article History: Received 4 February 2021 Approved 11 April 2021 Published 23 April 2021 Code mixing is a phenomenon in the form of the use of elements from a particular language in one sentence or another language discourse. The objective of this research is to find out the type of code-mixing uttered by an Australian YouTuber in his Instagram “Londo Kampung”. By using a descriptive qualitative method, it is found that the mixing of various linguistic units in the grammatical system within a sentence. There are some types of insertion of code-mixing, such as in elements of word, phrase, clause, hybrid, and repetition. From 182 code mixing found in Instagram captions, Insertion of the word shows 114 data or 62.64% which consist word class of noun and adjective. In insertion of hybrid shows 36 data (19.78 %), such as in insertion suffix both in Indonesian and Javanese, also prefix both in Indonesian and Javanese. In phrase shows 14 data (7.69 %) which consist of the noun phrase and adjective phrases. In insertion of the clause shows 12 data (6.59 %), and in repetition shows 6 data (3.33 %) which consist independent clause. The most dominant type insertion of code-mixing is in the element of words. Code mixing here occurs when the speaker (Dave Jephcott) inserts an element of a foreign language (English) in an utterance when he mostly communicates in written in his first language (Javanese and Indonesian).


INTRODUCTION
A large amount of bilingualism research has focused since the 1970s on the combining of languages in the discourse, in particular codeswitching and related phenomena, such as codemixing, code-shifting, language alternation, or language interaction (Sebba et al., 2012). Various labeled, for example, code-mixing, code-switching, and bilingual speech are widely used in multilingual speech communities in the world (Schendl & Wright, 2011, p. 15). Another aspect of language dependence in multilingual societies is code-mixing. Among bilingual or multilingual speakers, a symptom that can be seen as a language disorder or interference is often encountered. This phenomenon takes the form of the use of elements from a particular language in one sentence or another language discourse in the presence of an element of deliberation.
As someone who is involved with the use of two languages, and is also involved with two cultures, a bilingual person cannot be separated from the consequences of using the two languages. One of the consequences of bilingualism is the overlap between the two language systems it uses p-ISSN: 2252-6323 e-ISSN:  or the use of elements from one language in the use of another. In the language contact event of the bilingual community, there are often linguistic incidents that are the object of sociolinguistic study, namely code-mixing. Code mixing occurs when a speaker uses a language that predominantly supports a speech inserted by other language elements. Code mixing also can be called language mixing (Stell & Yakpo, 2015). Where a fluent bilingual language talks to another fluent bilingual language switches without any change in the situation at all (Hudson & Hudson, 1996, p. 53). Cantone (2007, p. 13) states that codemixing means that a word from language A or an utterance containing elements from languages A and B is mixed into the sense of language B. Code mixing also the interaction between the grammars and the lexicons of two languages (Treffers-Daller, 2011, p. 243). Code mixing is also called mixed code (Auer, 2013). Mixed code involves many and regular alternation cases between two languages…". In code-mixing, there are fragments of one language used by a speaker, but basically, the speaker uses a particular language. These language fragments can be, phrases, words, or larger language units. From the above definition, it can be drawn, that code-mixing is the use of two or more languages by speakers in a conversation.
In daily communication, sometimes it is not realized that the frequent use of code-mixing is the type of insertion of words, phrases, or clauses that are used in communication. For example, a speaker who in Indonesian includes many pieces of the foreign language can already be said to be a code-mixing activity. As a result, a variety of Indonesian will emerge or an Indonesian mixed with English will emerge. In simplistic words, the phenomenon of mixing a second language into the first language and mixing a foreign language into the structure of the mother tongue. Based on this simple definition, the actual code-mixing phenomenon does not necessarily involve foreign languages.
One of such features would be mixing between English and one or more local languages or dialects and vice versa (Sigrid & Kirk, 2008, p. 931). The immigrants also use certain words from their new language because many of the people they speak to know both languages. In a multilingual society, the use of language that is not following the applicable rules sometimes results in code-mixing. In a situation like this, bilinguals often develop a mixed code (Spolsky & Spolsky, 1998, p. 49).
Several factors led to code-mixing, among others, namely: 1. Speakers. A speaker sometimes consciously tries to switch codes against the interlocutor for some purpose. 2. Opponent Speech. Each speaker generally wants to balance the language used by the interlocutor. In a multilingual society that means that a speaker may have to switch codes 3 times the interlocutor, he is dealing with. 3. The presence of a third speaker. Two people who come from the same ethnic group generally interact with each other in the language of their ethnic group. But if a third person is present in the conversation and the person has a different language background, usually the first two people switch the code to the language spoken by the three. 4. Subject (topic). The subject/topic is the crucial factor in determining the presence of codeswitching and code-mixing. 5. Generating a sense of humor. Switching codes and mixing codes are often used by teachers, meeting leaders, or comedians to generate a sense of humor to refresh an atmosphere that feels sluggish. 6. Just prestigious. Some speakers have switched codes or mixed codes just for prestige. This happens when both the situation factor, the interlocutor, the topic, and other socio-situational factors do not require him to switch codes or mix codes.
When a speaker uses a language primarily to endorse a speech that is inserted with other language components, code-mixing happens. Symptoms of coding are usually related to the characteristics of the speaker, for example, social background, education, and beliefs. Code mixing is classified into two types, namely, mixing code is internal and mixed code is external. It is said that the code is mixed internally if the source language and the target language still have a geographic and geological kinship relationship, one language with another language is parts so that the relationship p-ISSN: 2252-6323 e- ISSN: 2721-4540 59 between these languages is vertical. The language involved in internal code-mixing is generally still in a different political sphere.
Three types of code-mixing, are insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization (Muysken, 2000, p. 9). Insertion is a single constituent B is inserted into a structure identifiable as belonging to language A. According to Cantone (2007, p. 69), insertion is inserting elements from one language which are mixed (inserted) into another language. Alternation is constituent of language A, preceded by a constituent of language B, and it is difficult to determine the language of the dominant A and B constituents. While congruent lexicalization where language A and B share the same grammatical structure. Words from both languages are inserted more or less randomly. The concept of code-mixing is elaborated further on the aspect of the word, phrases, or clauses, etc (Patak & Said, 2014). Bond (2010, p. 134) states that code-mixing involves inserting or adding the smaller morpho-syntactic constituents, for example, words or phrases from one language into another. Suwito (1983) states that based on the linguistic elements involved in code-mixing, differentiating code-mixing into six types is as follows: 1) Insertion of word elements. The word meant is a language unit that stands alone, consisting of a single morpheme or a combination of morphemes. 2) Insertion of phrase. What is meant by the phrase is a combination of two or more words that are not predictive, said a combination of words can be tight and can be loose.
3) The insertion of elements in a hybrid form. Hybrid is the result of a combination of two different language elements that form one meaning. 4) The insertion of repetition elements or repeating words. The word repetition in question is a word that results from the reduplication process. 5) The insertion of elements in the form of expressions or idioms. The idiom that is meant is a construction of elements that choose each other, each member has a meaning that exists because it is with other members. 6) Insertion of clauses. A clause is a grammatical unit in the form of a group of words that at least occur from the subject and predicate, and have the potential to become a sentence. Code mixing here can occur at the word, phrase, clause, or even at the sentence level (Ana, 2004, p. 229).
Code mixing can be found in the form of written or spoken. It also can be found in our social media such as YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, Telegram or WhatsApp group, etc. A social media that will be chosen is social media in the form of "Instagram" especially its captions. The users will create a "caption" about the pictures and tell others to help the other users or viewers understand the story behind the images/videos or explanations of them. An Instagram caption can be a means to connect with users, and in the comment section, users can communicate or speak, causing nonverbal chat (Fitria, 2020).
There are several previous studies related to code-mixing. First, Fitriana (2020) conducted research entitled "An Analysis of Code Mixing in "MOP" of YouTube Channel". The purpose of this research is to find out the types and reasons for using code-mixing in the YouTube channel's "MOP. The results of the research revealed that 151 data or 2 percent of intra-sentential mixing, 32 data or 17 percent of intra-lexical mixing, and 2 data or 1 percent of a change of pronunciation were the forms of code-mixing in the "MOP" channel. The reasons for the code-mixing used in "MOP" were to speak about specific subjects, quote someone else, be emphatic about something, interjection, repeat used for emphasis, convey collective identity or cohesion and intention to explain the interlocutor's speech material. Second, Musyarrofah (2019) conducted research entitled "Code Mixing Used by Radio Broadcasters in GEN FM, EBS FM and Prambors FM Radio Channel in Surabaya". This research is to analyze the types of code-mixing and the reasons for using code mixing used by broadcasters. The results of this study indicate that almost all radios contain intra-sentential code-mixing. From GEN FM 21 utterances, from EBS FM is 34 utterances and from Pramborse Fm is 34 utterances. This study also showed the reasons for using code-mixing. the most dominant reason for using code mixing used by broadcasters is to talk about a particular topic p-ISSN: 2252-6323 e-ISSN: 2721-4540 because nearly 14 utterances contain talk about a particular topic.
Third, Hamidah (2016) conducted research entitled "Code Mixing Found In Bukan Empat Mata Program On Trans 7 Television Channel". This research aims to classify the kinds of code-mixing used on the TV channel TRANS 7 in the Bukan Empat Mata Program. It has been found that in the Bukan Empat Mata scheme, there are two kinds of code-mixing used by presenters and guest stars, namely situational and conversational code-mixing. Conversational code-mixing is primarily used by presenters as well as guest stars between two forms of code-mixing in which they often change the pronunciation in the conversation from English to Indonesian. Fourth, Heryana (2013) conducted research entitled "The Analysis of Code Mixing on Sule's Lyric Song: My Darling, Mimin I Love You, and Susis". This to discover the motives and the reader's reactions to the songs that combine the code in their lyrics. The findings of this analysis are the classification of the kinds of code-mixing used in the songs of the Sule and the responses to the songs of the respondents. 10 respondents responded to 80 percent entertainment motive, 50 percent educational motives, 60 percent fame motive, cumulative results of study 10. For all the above reasons, the desire for entertainment appears to be more dominant than others. This can be shown by the percentage of the reaction of the students exceeding 80%. This can also be seen by Sule's argument that, through his music, he wants to entertain people. Fifth, Manihuruk (2016) conducted research entitled "An Analysis of Code Mixing in Facebook Status". This research aims to figure out that Facebookers use forms of codemixing in their status and introduce code-mixing effects into the Indonesian language in the status of Facebookers. The study results found that: incorporation (58.97 %), alternation (33.33 %), and congruent-lexicalization appeared to be used by Facebookers (7.69 %). Code mixing insert effects in Indonesian show that inference (45 %) and integration. Sixth, Dewi (2018) conducted research entitled "An Analysis of Code Mixing Used in Critical Eleven and Taken Movies: A Comparative Study". The analysis aims to explain the various styles of code-mixing and the different reasons two different films use. The outcome of this research shows that in Crucial Eleven and Taken videos, native and non-native speakers mainly used the first form of code-mixing called injection, but at a different frequency. It also revealed that the motives for the characters mixing their language are due to personal purpose or intent, such as not having sufficient vocabulary, willing to feel relaxed, keeping a secret and clarifying an expression. Seventh, Ningrum (2019) conducted research entitled "An Analysis of Code Mixing in Students and Teacher Interaction in SMP Negeri 3 Busungbiu, Buleleng". This study to discover the kinds of code-mixing used by students and instructors. The maximum amount of code-mixing is 20 data from the study. The reasons for the students to do code mix were that they felt shy of speaking English, were scared of making errors when they spoke English, and when they started to speak English, they lost the idea. The reason why code-mixing was used was to help students easily understand the meaning of English phrases and allow students to communicate.
Related to the previous studies above, there are similarities and differences between previous studies and this research. All previous studies above discuss code-mixing. While in the differences, the object of the research. The first research discusses code mixing used in the YouTube channel, the second research discusses code-mixing in the radio channel, the third research discusses code-mixing in the television, the fourth research discusses code-mixing in the lyric song, the fifth research discusses code-mixing in social media such as in Facebook, the sixth research discusses code-mixing in the movie, and the seventh research discusses code mixing used by students and teacher in the classroom. In this research, the researcher uses one of Youtuber's captions in his Instagram account of Dave Jephcott.
Dave Jephcott or better known as Londokampung is an Australian YouTuber who is famous for being fluent in Javanese. Caucasian face with a typical Surabaya Javanese accent made Dave successful in attracting public attention. Dave Jephcott started moving to Indonesia with his family in 1989 and living in Surabaya since two years old, Dave is fluent both in Javanese and Indonesian as their first language. His bully face can outwit anyone he talks to. He is famous for being fluent in Javanese. Cak Dave, Dave Jephcott's nickname, started his introduction to East Javanese culture since he was 2 years old. At that time, his family from Australia moved to live in Surabaya. Dave grew up in an environment with a strong Javanese culture. The colloquial language is the language of Javanese, even all of his playmates speak Javanese, up to Javanese's daily games. Therefore, Dave began to learn the local language firsthand, and blend well in his environment. Even though he is associated with the local language as the main language of everyday life, Dave's family often mix some languages, even when he was carrying out his homeschooling education. Until now, he mixes Javanese, Indonesian, and English in his Instagram captions.
Based on the explanation above, the researcher is interested to find the code-mixing uttered by Dave Jephcott especially in his Instagram captions. Therefore, the objective of this research is to find out the type of code-mixing uttered by an Australian Youtuber in his Instagram "Londo Kampung".

METHODS
This study uses a descriptive qualitative method. The qualitative method draws certain assumptions, however, their assumptions are based upon the individuals' uniqueness (Taylor, 2005, p. 236). This research does not need to formulate hypotheses. The data that has been collected is in the form of numbers and then it was calculated in the form of a percentage which is intended to determine the status of something that is presented and presented in the form of a percentage then interpreted into a qualitative sentence.
The technique of collecting data using document research. According to Wang (2013, p. 56), analysis of documents helps to support, prove, and complement the information gathered from other data sources. The data used here are taken from Instagram captions from January 2019 until January 2020. The researcher here limits the data only using captions that consist of code-mixing. The link of Instagram captions can be accessed on https://www.instagram.com/londokampung/ (in the name 'Dave Jephcott').
The procedure of analyzing data in this research involves some steps of qualitative analysis, they are selecting the reading the Instagram captions, selecting the Instagram captions which consist of code-mixing, categorizing the selected captions into several types in a table such as what captions must be included in the insertion of word, phrase, clause, sentence, hybrid or repetition. In counting the percentage of each type by using the formula P=F/N x 100% where P = percentage, F = frequency, and = amount of data. The last is describing the table result descriptively.

Findings
The objective of this research is to find out the type of code-mixing written by an Australian Youtuber in his Instagram "Londo Kampung". According to (Stavans & Hoffmann, 2015, p. 177) states that code-mixing refers to the mixing of various linguistic units such as morpheme, word, phrase, clause, and sentence from two participants in the grammatical system within a sentence. Based on the finding, it is found that there are some examples of code-mixing in Instagram captions "Londo Kampung/Dave Jephcott" as follows:

Insertion of word
The word meant is a language unit that stands alone, consisting of a single morpheme or a combination of morphemes. For example: The table shows that there is insertion codemixing in the element of words. It can be seen in bold words. The writer inserts words from one language A to B, or we can see an insertion of some English words into Indonesian and Javanese sentences. The bold words "waterpark, hashtag, prank, traditional, influencer, comedian, link, story, voucher, channel" refers to the word especially word class "noun". The bold words "comment, feat, tag, update, giveaway, follow, subscribe, comment, collab" refers to the word especially word class "verb". The bold words "full, crispy, pure, fashionable" refers to the word especially word class "adjective".

Insertion of phrase
Insertion of the phrase is a combination of two or more words that are not predictive. It can be said the combination of words can be tight and can be loose. For example: Based on the examples in the table above, it shows that there is insertion code-mixing in the element of English phrases. It can be seen in bold words. The writer inserts word from one language to another, or we can see an insertion of some English phrases into Indonesian and Javanese sentences, such as the words "Chinese food", "bad mood", "special performance", and "pure water" shows the adjective phrase". While, hybrid words such as "content creator", "tour guide", "garlic bread", "family festival", "audio wireless" shows the noun phrase".

Insertion of clause
Clause insertion occurs when the speaker inserts a clause in his or her native language for a foreign language element. My boy loves to dance and spin with me. Prosoku iki dino2 terakhir sadurunge Jago mulai iso mlaku dewe. I will miss these moments. I thank God for so many amazing memories. Duwe anak iku tenanan hal luar biasa sing ga ono bandingane.
Sugeng tindhak Pakde Natan lan Bude Larissa. Nganti ketemu malih ten Australia. We all love you guys and it was great to have you come to Indonesia this last month. (January 10, 2019) Based on the examples in the table above, it shows that there is insertion code-mixing in the element of English clauses. It can be seen in bold words. The speaker inserts words from one language to another, or we can see an insertion of some English clauses into Indonesian and Javanese sentences, such as the sed on the examples in the table above, which shows that there are insertion code-mixing in the element of the clause. It can be seen in bold words. The clauses "He came for us" in the 1st data, "We love you so much my boy!" in the 2nd data, "We praise God for you are fearfully and wonderfully made our little child!" in the 3rd data, "We will miss you so much" in the 4th data, "That is not easy!" in the 5th data, "I love this Madurese lady!" in the 6 th data, "I love you so much" in the 7 th data, "My boy loves to dance and spin with me. I will miss these moments. I thank God for so many amazing memories" in the 8 th data and the last is "We all love you guys and it was great to have you come to Indonesia this last month" in the 9 th data.

Insertion of repetition
The word repetition in question is a word that results from the reduplication process. For example: Based on the examples in the table above, it shows that there is insertion code-mixing in repetition. It can be seen in bold words. For example, in the words "spot spot" in the 1 st data, "point point" in the 2 nd data, "sit sit" in the 3 rd data, and "caption caption" in the 4 th data. Those words are repeated within a sentence.

Discussion
Code mixing involves vocabulary (Bhatia & Ritchie, 2014). According to McKay et al. (1996, p. 58), code-mixing involves every level of lexical and syntactic, including words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. Bond (2010, p. 134) states that the studies of code-mixing also have identified lexical items such as noun, verb, adjective, adverbs, and even idiomatic expressions such as code-mixable items, whereas grammatical items such as the modal verb, auxiliary verb, pronoun, possessive, and quantifiers are generally non-code mixable items. Based on the finding, a table shows the types of code-mixing in Instagram captions "Londo Kampung" or "Dave Jephcott" as follows: The table above shows that there are some types of insertion of code-mixing, such as in elements of word, phrase, clause, hybrid, and repetition. There are 182 code mixing found in Instagram captions. In elements of the word shows 114 data or 62.64%, in hybrid, shows 36 data (19.78 %). In phrase shows 14 data (7.69 %), in clause shows 12 data (6.59 %), and in repetition shows 6 data (3.33 %). It is also found that the most dominant type insertion of code-mixing is in the element of words as 113 data or 63.33 % (more than 50 %). Below the description of each type as follow: The first rank type mostly found in the Instagram caption is in insertion word. Word is the smallest free-standing form that represents meaning (Stockwell & Minkova, 2001, p. 56). The Instagram captions of "Londo Kampung" show the hybrid words such as words "waterpark, hashtag, prank, traditional, influencer, comedian, link, story, voucher, channel" refer to the "noun". The words "comment, feat, tag, update, giveaway, follow, subscribe, comment, collab" refer to the word especially word class "verb". The words "full, crispy, pure, fashionable" refer to the word especially word class "adjective".
The second rank type found is in insertion phrase. A phrase is a group of words (Gelderen, 2002, p. 31). Hirtle (2009, p. 3) states that a noun phrase is a grammatical whole constituted by juxtaposing a substantive as the main word alongside subordinate words. The Instagram captions of "Londo Kampung" show hybrid words such as "Chinese food", "bad mood", "special performance", and "pure water" shows the adjective phrase". Adjective phrase is a syntactic structure with a head adjective as its focus. It describes or qualify a noun or its replacement (O'Dwyer, 2006, p. 110). While hybrid words such as "content creator", "tour guide", "garlic bread", "family festival", "audio wireless" shows the noun phrase". A noun phrase is a group of words that contains a noun and give extra information about it. (McNab et al., 2001, p. 97). There are sentence patterns of noun phrase such as "Noun + Noun, Noun + of + Noun, Determiner + Adverb + Adjective + Noun, Ving + Noun (as Gerund), Ving + Noun (as Participle), and V3 + Noun (as Participle). The form of the example above shows that that noun phrase is formed by "noun + noun".
The third rank type found is in the insertion clause. A clause is a grammatical entity that contains the fullest range of grammatical elements. Its components include words and phrases, and it carries a specific mood (Xing, 2016, p. 19). From 9 data above shows clause (dependent clause). According to (DePino, 2013), an independent clause is a simple sentence that can stand alone and make good sense. An Independent clause can be stated that an independent clause as a complete sentence (Freeman et al., 2016). The Instagram captions of "Londo Kampung" show the hybrid words such as the independent clauses "He came p-ISSN: 2252-6323 e-ISSN: 2721-4540 for us", "We love you so much my boy!", "We praise God for you are fearfully and wonderfully made our little child!", "We will miss you so much", "That is not easy!", "I love this Madurese lady!", "I love you so much", "My boy loves to dance and spin with me. I will miss these moments. I thank God for so many amazing memories" and "We all love you guys and it was great to have you come to Indonesia this last month". Those clauses are an independent clause which consists of "Subject + Verb".
The fourth rank type found is in insertion hybrid. Hybrid is one formed from elements that derive from different languages (Matthews, 2007, p. 79). The Instagram captions of "Londo Kampung" show the hybrid words such as "ngevlog", "ngeprank", and "ngeband" are inserted by the Javanese prefix "nge-". The hybrid words "livenya", "viewnya", "staffnya", and "pranknya" are inserted by the Indonesian suffix "nya". The hybrid words "channele", "collabe", and "hashtage" are inserted by the Javanese suffix "-e". The hybrid words "diprank", "diprivate", and "dimake up" are inserted by the Indonesian prefix "di-". The hybrid word "terepic" is inserted by the Indonesian prefix "ter-", the hybrid word "endorsean" is inserted by Indonesian suffix "-an", and the hybrid word "captureen" is inserted by the Javanese suffix "-en". Those examples show that there are insertions of suffix both Indonesian and Javanese, also insertion of prefix Indonesian and Javanese.
The last rank type found is in repetition. Repetition applies across words…" (Hurch, 2011, p. 31). He also adds that the function of repetition is to reinforce communication, by making a command or an insertion more likely to be heard and acted upon. Repetition does not contribute to the meaning, but it refers to intonational boundaries (Hurch, 2011, p. 44). According to Joshi (2014), repetition in the English language is the repeating of a word within a sentence to emphasize. Repetition of words can be classified into several groups based on the placement of the words in a sentence. Different terms have been devised to denote different kinds of repetitions. There are some forms of repetitions words, they are: 1) Word + and + word, 2) comparative + and + comparative, 3) word + after + word, 4) word + by + word, 5) word + to + word , 6) word + on/upon + word, 7) word + against/of/on/for/in/with + word, 8) the more, less, etc….the more, less, etc…, 9) combination of the same words, 10) repetition of various words, 11) repetition of words more than once, 12) repetition of 'group words', 13) repetition of two different words and 14) miscellaneous patterns". The Instagram captions of "Londo Kampung" show the repetition of words such as "spot spot", "point point", "sit sit" and "caption caption". The kind of these repetitions words is "word+and+word".Code mixing here occurs when the speaker (Dave Jephcott) inserts an element of a foreign language (English) in an utterance when he mostly communicates in written in his first language (Javanese and Indonesian). Insertion is given when elements from one language are mixed (inserted) into another language (Cantone, 2007). Dave Jephcott or better known as "Londo Kampung" is an Australian YouTuber who is famous for being fluent in Javanese also Indonesian. Living in Surabaya since two years old, Dave is fluent both in Javanese and Indonesian as their first language. His colloquial language is the language of Javanese. Therefore, Dave began to learn the local language first hand, and blend well in his environment. Even though he is associated with the local language as the main language of everyday life, Dave often mixes some languages such as Javanese in the accent "Suroboyonan", Indonesian and English in his Instagram captions. communication can be seen based on the direction. From the point of view of mixed code, it can be in the form of clauses or sentences, phrases, or words. In Instagram "Londo Kampung", it is found the mixing various linguistic units in the grammatical system within a sentence. There are some types of insertion of code-mixing, such as in elements of word, phrase, clause, hybrid, and repetition. There are 182 code-mixing were found in Instagram captions. In elements of the word shows 114 data or 62.64%, in hybrid, shows 36 data (19.78 %). In phrase shows 14 data (7.69 %), in clause shows 12 data (6.59 %), and in repetition shows 6 data (3.33 %).