Completion of International Disputes Between Nicaragua and United States in International Law Perspective

Various international disputes that have occurred in this world have been recorded in an international law that applies to the entire international community. So, to resolve various international disputes that have occurred, usually, the countries involved make a peace agreement as one way to resolve these international disputes and prevent a war between nations. This shows that to resolve international disputes that have occurred, an agreement among countries is needed as a solution. The problem written by the author in this journal is the settlement of international disputes that have taken place between the country of Nicaragua and USA. In this journal, the author uses a normative and juridical research method, which is legal writing which is carried out by analyzing secondary legal materials or library materials to find a solution to a legal problem that arises and uses a problem approach based on the law. Law or general legal rules regarding the resolution of international disputes that occur among Nicaragua and USA and approach for problems based on a conceptual basis. The results of research conducted indicate that in this case is an international legal dispute which is nether the authority from International Court of Justice in which Nicaragua have to implemented ways from resolving international disputes by international legal procedures, but USA rejected this decision issued to International Court of Justice.


INTRODUCTION
A case from an international dispute that occurred International Law in terms of providing support to the guerrillas or the rebels to take the fight against the government of the country of Nicaragua (Putra, 2003).
At first, this international dispute occurred because of problems in the field of internal government in the country of Nicaragua. However, it turns out that USA was actively involved on problems in the field of internal government that are internal. So that the country of Nicaragua finally considered that USA had intervened and worsened conditions and situation of the government of the country of Nicaragua. Also, the country of Nicaragua considers that the actions taken by the USA are contrary for provisions from existing International Law (Justice, 2019).

Some actions that can be classified as violations of
International Law that have been carried out by USA to State from Nicaragua, include: process from destroying military facilities and public facilities in the country of Nicaragua, carrying out the process of planting mines in the deep sea areas of Nicaragua that can cause ships that pass through the inland sea to be destroyed, and carry out the process of assistance to the guerrillas or the rebels who want to destroy and bring down the government of Nicaragua at that time led by President Sandinista (Putra, 2003).
International Court of Justice discovered a new fact that in [1983][1984], that President from USA gave an order for the USA Government to carry out a process of planting  (Putra, 2003 Also, in 1983, the International Court of Justice discovered a new fact that the agency of USA Government had provided assistance and support to guerrillas or rebels so that they could carry out various acts of violence against civil society illegally. Otherwise, the agency of USA Government also provided a book called Contras, which explains the ways to use the services of professional killers to carry out certain confidential tasks and uses print and electronic media as a means of provocation against demonstrators who has the goal to form a martyr. USA has actively participated to give a large influence in the process of funding, the process of providing supplies of armed equipment, the process of forming a military organization, the process of providing military training, the such as literature and also scientific works in the scope of International Law. By way of secondary legal materials or supporting legal materials that have a function as a compliment and to supplement a journal, legal dictionaries, and also public dictionaries can provide explanations regarding various international dispute resolution relating to what is in this journal. Legal materials that have been collected and then analyzed descriptively and juridical which have the aim to provide a general description of an existing problem and then will be explained in detail and conclude an existing explanation that is expected to answer the formulation of the problems in this journal (Soekanto, 2006).

Occurred Between The Country of Nicaragua and USA
In 1982, for resolve international dispute that occurred among the country of Nicaragua and USA in case from Nicaragua, the country from Nicaragua has taken several ways and resolved to resolve the international dispute as a solution. Related to this year, the country of Nicaragua has conducted a conciliation and mediation process with USA.
The way carried out by the state of Nicaragua is to create a Contadora Group whose aim is to resolve international disputes in the Nicaragua case. The task of the Contadora Group is to carry out a conciliation and mediation process by making an Ad Hoc Arbitration. This Ad Hoc Arbitration is an arbitration created specifically and voluntarily to try and complete an international agreement that occurs between certain countries. Regarding the status of the arbitration, it only has the aim of resolving the international ratification (Gunawan, 2017).
The conciliation process is a method carried out to resolve international disputes peacefully through an organ that was previously created or an organ that was created based on the deal of parties for the international conflict. The case of international dispute resolution, an organ that has been formed has the task to propose ways of resolving international disputes to the parties to conflict. So the conciliation process was a method that has been arranged in a convention (Mauna, 2015).
The mediation process is a way to amicably resolve international disputes through a negotiation process with the help of neutral and impartial third parties who are parties to the dispute and can cooperate with the parties to the dispute so that an agreement can be obtained binding and final (Djafar, 2011).

Article 3 paragraph (1) from UN Charter stipulates:
Parties involved in ongoing disputes that could jeopardize the preserve of international security and peace, if a peaceful manner cannot resolve an international dispute, then must find a solution through international arbitration, international tribunals, or by way of legal independent election Based on the UN Charter above, international dispute resolution can be legally divided into two resolutions, are as follows (Kusumaatmadja & Agoes, 2003):

a. International Arbitration
Arbitration is a method of resolving international disputes that have been known since the past. Legal arrangements regarding international arbitration began to be regulated and carried out in 1794 to be exact when an international agreement called the Jay Agreement was made among UK and USA. International arbitration is a way of resolving international disputes through the submission of international disputes to certain people who are experts in their respective fields and are selected freely by the parties experiencing the dispute to resolve an international dispute that has occurred (Istanto, 2002). International arbitration bases the results of its decisions on a legal provision based on the principle of appropriateness and propriety (ex aquoet bono). Party given this trust to settle international disputes is referred to as the arbitrator who must form a special agreement from the parties experiencing international dispute through an arbitration agreement that has been carried out. Special approval resulted in the process of international arbitration can be referred to as compromise (Istanto, 2002).

b. International Court
An international court is a way of resolving international disputes with use rules and legal provisions made by court body international programs regularly. The international judicial process can be conducted to International Court of Justice which also acts as one permanent court institution that can be used to resolve international disputes that have occurred. An international tribunal may also be held by other legal entities on the condition that it is by the agreement of the parties to an international dispute (Arumnadi, 2001  countries. This is because the various countries are member countries in the same international agreement.

International customs are origin from International
Law. This is explained in Article 38 paragraph (1)  International Law in form from international custom is considered more favorable than International Law in the form from international treaties. This is because international customs are more flexible, whereas international agreements are more inflexible and rigid. Also, international customs are subject to change by the progress and development of the times, whereas international treaties are more difficult to change because to carry out a process of change that is by the progress and development of the times, international treaties require long and complicated steps and procedures (Mauna, 2015).

B. The Legal Basis Used to International Court of Justice to Resolve International Disputes Regarding The Nicaragua Case That Occurred Among Country from Nicaragua and USA
Based on decisions made and issued to International that countries that are victims of such intervention must act by the wishes of the state which intervenes (Sefriani, 2016).
One of the basic obligations in international law is the obligation for every country in the world not to intervene in domestic government affairs from another country by force (Sefriani, 2016). However, in international law itself, there is still often an opportunity to intervene in a country against another country. Although it is indeed in particular and specific international disputes, acts of interference in the affairs of domestic government from other countries are justified by international law itself (Mandagi & Wagiman, 2016). International law that applies to the international community is based on general principles, one of which is the principle of non-intervention, but that does not mean the principle of non-intervention applies absolutely in international law. Various exceptions can make this intervention true in international law (Sefriani, 2016). Some

b. The Principle of Self Defense and Not Using Violence
The establishment of UN Charter, entire international community must resolve international disputes that occur through peaceful means and it is recommended to take defense against their respective countries so as not to use methods in the form of violence and forced to resolve the international dispute (Sefriani, 2016). Council. So if a country that will take this self-defense action has already obtained a permit or approval from various countries that have veto rights, then the self-defense action taken by that country is legal internationally and legally.
Although on the other hand, the UN Security Council does not provide a permit or approval regarding these selfdefense measures (Primayanthi & Sarna, 2018).
Various acts of self-defense are a general right that can be done by a country to protect its legal rights that have been disturbed and violated by other countries. Based on Article 2 paragraph 4 from Statute from International Court of Justice, several conditions that can make service from selfdefense to be implemented by a country freely and legally, are as follows (Primayanthi & Sarna, 2018): a. Self-defense measures taken by one country have a purpose to help other countries in getting or getting independence. b. Self-defense measures taken by a country have a purpose to prevent and resolve an international dispute in the field of humanity that has violated international human rights provisions. c. Self-defense actions taken by a country have a goal to restore part or all of the territory of the country that has been occupied and controlled by another country. d. The act of self-defense carried out by a country has a purpose to protect and defend the legal rights possessed by a country from interference by another country. e. Self-defense measures taken by a country have received support and permission from a legitimate government. This is referred to as intervention on the invitation.

CONCLUSION
International dispute resolution regarding the Nicaragua Case that occurred among state of Nicaragua and USA uses dispute resolution diplomatically and legally.
Diplomatic dispute resolution uses the conciliation and mediation process. Conciliation process is a method carried out to resolve international disputes peacefully through an organ that was previously created or an organ that was created based on the deal of parties for the international conflict, while mediation process is way to amicably resolve international disputes through a negotiation process with the help of neutral and impartial third parties who are parties to the dispute and can cooperate with the parties to the dispute so that an agreement can be obtained binding and final. Also, the country of Nicaragua formed the Contadora Group whose task was to carry out the conciliation and mediation process. Settlement of disputes legally using international arbitration and international