Early Childhood Health-Protective Behavior Against Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Households
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Abstract
Children who live in agricultural, coastal, and industrial areas are at risk of experiencing diseases due to their exposure to environmental tobacco smoke because a lot of smokers live in these areas. The objective of this study is to determine the differences in health-protective behavior of parents who have children in the geographical residence.
The study used a quantitative approach, cross-sectional design, and purposive sampling. There are 175 parents with children under five years who live in coastal, agricultural, and industrial areas in Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire. The dependent variable was the health-protective behavior of parents with children against exposure to cigarette smoke, while the independent variable was the geographical residence. The one-way ANOVA test was used to measure differences in the health-protective behavior of parents living in these areas. The results showed that there was no difference in the parental health-protective behavior in an agricultural, coastal, and industrial region (p=0.091, p>0.05). In conclusion, the respondents exhibit health-protective behavior that dies not fully control exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
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How to Cite
Hermawati, B., Indarjo, S., Mukti, F. A., Ramadhanty, H. A., & Rahayu, F. D. (2021). Early Childhood Health-Protective Behavior Against Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Households. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 10(1), 94-99. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v10i1.38357
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Waterworth, P., Pescud, M., Braham, R., Dimmock, J., & Rosenberg, M. 2015. Factors Influencing the Health Behaviour of Indigenous Australians : Perspectives from Support People. Plos One Journal, 10: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142323
Wilson, I. et al. 2016. REFRESH-Reducing Families’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in the Home: a Feasibility Study. Tobacco Control, 22: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050212
Yin, Z., et al. 2013. Status and Determinants of Health Behavior Knowledge among the Elderly in China : a Community-based Cross-sectional Study. BMC Public Health Journal, 13: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-710
Yolton, K., Dietrich, P., Auinger, D., Lanphear, B.P., & Hornung, R. 2005. Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cognitive Abilities among U.S. Children and Adolescents. Environmental Health Perspective, 113: 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7210
Christie, L. M. et al. 2012. Factors Influencing Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in Preschool Children Living with Smoking Mothers. Nicotine and Tobacco Research Journal, 14: 1435–1444. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/nts074
Comhair, S. A. A. et al. 2011. Detrimental Effects of Environmental Tobacco Smoke in Relation to Asthma Severity. Plos One Journal, 6: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0018574
Cutler, D., Huang, W. & Lieras-Muney, A. 2015. When Does Education Matter? The Protective Effect of Education for Cohorts Graduating in Bad Times. Social Science and Medicine Journal, 127: 63–73. https://doi/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.040
Dai, S. & Chan, K. C. 2020. Associations of Household Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure with Respiratory Symptoms and Utilisation of Medical Services in Healthy Young Children in Hong Kong. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 18: 1–13. https://doi/10.18332/tid/114461
Drehmer, J. E., Walters, B.H., Nabi-Burza, E., & Winickoff, J.P. 2017. Guidance for the Clinical Management of Thirdhand Smoke Exposure in the Child Health Care Setting. Journal of Clinical Outcomes Management, 4: 551–559. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5716630/
Desouky, D.E.S., Elnemr, G., Alnawy, A., & Taha, A.A. 2016. The Relation between Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and the Quantity of Cotinine in the Urine of School Children in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 17: 139–145. https://doi.org/10.7314/APJCP.2016.17.1.139
Faber, T., Mizani, M.A., Syeikh, A., Mackenbach, J.P., Reiss, I.K., Been, J.V. 2019. Investigating the Effect of England's Smoke-free Private Vehicle Regulation on Changes in Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Respiratory Disease in Children: a Quasi-experimental Study. The Lancet Public Health, 4 (12): 607-617. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468-2667(19)30175-6
Gupta, D., Aggarwal, A.N., & Jindal, S.K. 2002. Pulmonary Effects of Passive Smoking: the Indian Experience. Tobacco Induced Diseases, 1 (2): 129 –136. https://doi.org/10.1186/1617-9625-1-2-129
He, Z. et al. 2016. Factors Influencing Health Knowledge and Behaviors among the Elderly in Rural China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Article, 13: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13100975
Hwang, S-H., Hwang, J.H., Moon, J.S., & Lee, D-H. 2012. Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Children’s Health. Korean Journal of Pediatrics, 55 (2): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2012.55.2.35
Indonesian Health Ministry. 2013. Perilaku Merokok Masyarakat Indonesia, Pusat Data dan Informasi Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Available at: https://www.kemkes.go.id/download.php?file=download/pusdatin/infodatin/infodatin-hari-tanpa-tembakau-sedunia.pdf
Isniyati, H. & Affandi, M. D. 2018. Air Stripping as an Effective Carbon Monoxide (CO) Adsorption Model on Cigarette Smoke. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 7 (2): 78–83. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v7i2.17856
Kairouz, S., Lasnier, B., Mihaylova, T., Montreuil, A., & Cohen, J.E. 2015. Smoking Restrictions in Homes After Implementation of a Smoking Ban in Public Places. Nicotine and Tobacco Research Journal, 17 (1): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntu125
Kelly, M. P. & Barker, M. 2016. Europe PMC Funders Group Why is Changing Health-Related Behaviour so Difficult ?. Public Health Journal, 136: 109–116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.03.030
Kern, M. L. & Friedman, H. S. 2011. Personality and Pathways of Influence on Physical Health. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 5 (1): 76–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00331.x
Kuehni, C. E. & Barben, J. 2015. Protecting Children from Second-hand Smoke. European Respiratory Journal, 46: 601–603. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00883-2015
Kuhn, E.J., Walker, G.S., Whiley, H., Wright, J., & Ross, K.E. 2019. Household Contamination with Methamphetamine: Knowledge and Uncertainties. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16 (23): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234676
Matt, G.E., et al. 2018. A Casino goes Smoke Free: a Longitudinal Study of Secondhand and Thirdhand Smoke Pollution and Exposure. Tobacco Control: 27 (6): 643-649. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2017-054052
Moon, J. H., Kong, M. H. & Kim, H. J. 2018. Effect of Secondhand Smoking, Determined by Urinary Cotinine Level on Bone Health. International Journal of Preventive Medicine, 8 (14): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijpvm.IJPVM.
Pampel, F. C., Krueger, P. M. & Denney, J. T. 2010. Socioeconomic Disparities in Health Behaviors Fred. Annual Review of Sociology, 36: 349–370. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102529
Ping, W., Cao, W., Tan, H., Guo, C., Dou, Z., & Yang, J. 2018. Health Protective Behavior Scale : Development and Psychometric Evaluation. Plos One Journal, 13: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190390
Rosen, L. & Kostjukovsky, I. 2015. Parental Risk Perceptions of Child Exposure to Tobacco Smoke. BMC Public Health, 15 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1434-x
Shaw, A., et al. 2012. Reducing Children’s Exposure to Second Hand Smoke in the Home. Scotland: ASH Scotland. https://www.ashscotland.org.uk/media/197686/lit%20review%20final%20update%2081112.pdf
Waterworth, P., Pescud, M., Braham, R., Dimmock, J., & Rosenberg, M. 2015. Factors Influencing the Health Behaviour of Indigenous Australians : Perspectives from Support People. Plos One Journal, 10: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0142323
Wilson, I. et al. 2016. REFRESH-Reducing Families’ Exposure to Secondhand Smoke in the Home: a Feasibility Study. Tobacco Control, 22: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050212
Yin, Z., et al. 2013. Status and Determinants of Health Behavior Knowledge among the Elderly in China : a Community-based Cross-sectional Study. BMC Public Health Journal, 13: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-710
Yolton, K., Dietrich, P., Auinger, D., Lanphear, B.P., & Hornung, R. 2005. Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Cognitive Abilities among U.S. Children and Adolescents. Environmental Health Perspective, 113: 98–103. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.7210