Acero, A. P., Rodríguez, C., & Ciroth, A. (2015a). LCIA methods Impact assessment methods in Life Cycle Assessment and their impact categories (1.5.2). GreenDelta. https://www.openlca.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/LCA-METHODS-v.1.5.2.pdf
Acero, A. P., Rodríguez, C., & Ciroth, A. (2015b). LCIA methods Impact assessment methods in Life Cycle Assessment and their impact categories. https://www.openlca.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/LCIA-METHODS-v.1.5.4.pdf
Anonim. (2020). Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP). United Nations,Industrial Development Organisation. https://www.unido.org/our-focus-safeguarding-environment-resource-efficient-and-low-carbon-industrial-production/resource-efficient-and-cleaner-production-recp
Anonim. (2022). Tekan Gap Kebutuhan Gula Konsumsi, Kemenperin: Produksi Terus Digenjot. Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. https://kemenperin.go.id/artikel/23444/Tekan-Gap-Kebutuhan-Gula-Konsumsi,-Kemenperin:-Produksi-Terus-Digenjot-#:~:text=Pada tahun 2021%2C produksi gula,3%2C27 juta ton GKR.
Arzoumanidis, I., D’Eusanio, M., Raggi, A., & Petti, L. (2019). Functional Unit Definition Criteria in Life Cycle Assessment and Social Life Cycle Assessment: A Discussion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01508-4_1
Astuti, A. D. (2019). Potential Analysis Of Environmental Impact Of Sugarcane Plantation Using Life Cycle Assessment (Lca) Approach. Jurnal Litbang, XV(1), 51–64. https://ejurnal-litbang.patikab.go.id/index.php/jl/article/download/127/115
Chakraborty, S., P. K. Tiwari, S. K. S., Misra, A. K., & Chattopadhyay, J. (2017). Effects of fertilizers used in agricultural fields on algal blooms. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 226, 2119–2133. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjst/e2017-70031-7
Dincer, I., & Bicer, Y. (2018). Ammonia. Comprehensive Energy Systems, 2, 1–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809597-3.00201-7
Directorate General of Estates. (2021). Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2020-2022. https://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/template/uploads/2022/08/STATISTIK-UNGGULAN-2020-2022.pdf
Evans, S., Vladimirova, D., Holgado, M., Fossen, K. Van, Yang, M., Silva, E. A., & Barlow, C. Y. (2017). Business Model Innovation for Sustainability:Towards a Unified Perspective for Creation ofSustainable Business Models. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(5), 600. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bse.1939
Farooq, N., & Gheewala, S. H. (2019). Water use and deprivation potential for sugarcane cultivation in Pakistan. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, 10, 33–39. https://jseejournal.com/media/124/attachment/Water use and pp. 33-39.pdf
Greendelta. (2019). openLCA Nexus. https://nexus.openlca.org/
GreenDelta GmbH. (2021). openLCA Nexus. Greendelta. https://nexus.openlca.org/
Hanafi, J., Adiwijaya, D., & Saputra, S. (2021). Life Cycle Indonesia. https://www.lifecycleindonesia.com/copy-of-about-1
Hart, S. L., & Milstein, M. B. (2003). Creating sustainable value. Academy of Management Executive, 17(3), 60. http://www.stuartlhart.com/sites/stuartlhart.com/files/creatingsustainablevalue.pdf
ISO 14044: 2006, Environmental Management,Life Cycle Assesment-Requirements Guidelines, 11 (2006). https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html
Izursaa, J.-L., Hanlon, E. A., Amponsah, N. Y., & Capece, J. C. (2013). Carbon Footprint of Biofuel Sugarcane Produced in Mineral and Organic Soils in Florida. OSTI GOV, 7. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1337146
Jessica Hanafi, Hermana, J., Siregar, K., Chairani, E., Azis, M. M., Iswara, A. P., Adiansyah, J. S., Pramulya, R., Setiawan, A. A. R., Rusdiyanto, F. G., D.M.W., Y., Syafrudin, A., Ayu, A. P., & Adiwijaya, D. (2021). Pedoman Penyusunan Laporan Penilaian Daur Hidup (LCA) (S. Reliantoro & J. Hanaf (eds.); 1st ed.). Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. https://proper.menlhk.go.id/propercms/uploads/magazine/docs/buku/magazinePedoman_Penyusunan_Laporan_Penilaian_Daur_Hidup_2021.pdf
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010, Pub. L. No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 (2010). https://pamsimas.pu.go.id/peraturan-menteri-kesehatan-republik-indonesia-no-492/
LC Impact. (2019). Ecosystem Quality, Terrestrial Ecotoxicity. LC-Impact. https://lc-impact.eu/EQterrestrial_ecotoxicity.html
Map Data. (2023). Peta Kabupaten Bantul dan Propinsi Daerah Istimewah Yogyakarta. https://www.google.com/search?q=peta+kabupaten+bantul&oq=Peta+Kabupaten+&aqs=chrome.0.0i512l2j69i57j0i512l7.6520j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#
Mashoko, L., Mbohwa, C., & Thomas, V. M. (2010). LCA of the South African sugar industry. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 53(6), 793–807. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2010.488120
Moura, M. A. M., Oliveira, R., Jonsson, C. M., Domingues, I., Soares, A. M. V. M., & Nogueira, A. J. A. (2018). The sugarcane herbicide ametryn induces oxidative stress and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish embryos. Ecotoxicology in Tropical Regions, 25. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-017-9614-0
Nolan, B. T., & Stoner, J. D. (2000). Nutrients in Groundwaters of the Conterminous United States, 1992−1995. ACS Publication, 34(7), 1156–1165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/es9907663
Novayanti, D., & Poedjirahajoe, E. (2014). Dampak Limbah Pabrik Gula Madukismo Terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Bedog di Bantul, Yogyakarta [Universitas Gajah Mada]. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/75852
PRABHAKAR, N., RAJU, D. V. L. N., & SAGAR, R. V. (2010). CANE TRASH AS FUEL. Atamexico, 27, 2. https://www.atamexico.com.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENGINEERING-20-Prabhakar.pdf
Qamar, M. U., Azmat, M., & Abbas, A. (2018). Water Pricing and Implementation Strategies for the Sustainability of an Irrigation System: A Case Study within the Command Area of the Rakh Branch Canal. Water, 10(4), 11. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/w10040509
Rabelo, S. C., Costa, A. C. da, & Rossel, C. E. V. (2015). Industrial Waste Recovery. Sugarcane, 363–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802239-9.00017-7
Seabra, J. E. A., Macedo, I. C., Chum, H. L., Faroni, C. E., & Sarto, C. A. (2011). Life cycle assessment of Brazilian sugarcane products: GHG emissions and energy use. Biofuels, Bioproduct And Biorefining, 5(5), 519–532. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bbb.289
Setiawan, A. A. R. (2020). Application Of Lca In Energy And Material Industries Arief A.R. Setiawan Pusat Penelitian Kebijakan Manajemen Iptek & Inovasi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia [email protected] Workshop Penerapan LCA di Industri Bidang Energi dan Material.
Sharma, S., Shera, P. S., Kaur, R., & Sangha, K. S. (2020). Evaluation of augmentative biological control strategy against major borer insect pests of sugarcane—a large-scale field appraisal. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30(27), 148. https://ejbpc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41938-020-00330-0
Sillsa, D. L., Doren, L. G. Van, Colin, B., Raynore, & Elizabeth. (2020). The effect of functional unit and co-product handling methods on life cycle assessment of an algal biorefi. Algal Research, 46, 3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101770
Simoneaux, B. J., & Gould, T. J. (2008). Plant Uptake and Metabolism of Triazine Herbicides. The Triazine Herbicides, 73–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451167-6.50010-6
Sirait, M. (2020). Studi Life Cycle Assessment Produksi Gula Tebu: Studi Kasus di Jawa Timur. Rekayasa, 13(2), 197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v13i2.5915
Sornpoon, W., Bonnet, S., Kasemsap, P., Prasertsak, P., & Garivait, A. (2014). Estimation of Emissions from Sugarcane Field Burning in Thailand Using Bottom-Up Country-Specific Activity Data. Atmosphere, 5(3), 675. https://doi.org/ttps://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5030669
Ueda, K., Takenaka, T., Vancza, J., & Monostori, L. (2009). Value Creation and Decision-making in Sustainable Society. CIRP Annals, 58(2), 681–700. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2009.09.010
UNEP. (2017). A Framework for Freshwater Ecosystem Management,Volume 2: Technical guide for classification and target-setting. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22242/Framework_Freshwater_Ecosystem_Mgt_vol2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Ward, M. H. (2009). Too Much of a Good Thing? Nitrate from Nitrogen Fertilizers and Cancer. National of Library Medicine, 24(4), 357. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1515/reveh.2009.24.4.357
Ward, M. H., DeKok, T. M., Levallois, P., Brender, J., Gulis, G., Nolan, B. T., & VanDerslice, J. (2005). Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(11), 1607–1614. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8043
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (2012). 2,4-D Chemical Fact Sheet. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/lakes/plants/factsheets
Acero, A. P., Rodríguez, C., & Ciroth, A. (2015b). LCIA methods Impact assessment methods in Life Cycle Assessment and their impact categories. https://www.openlca.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/LCIA-METHODS-v.1.5.4.pdf
Anonim. (2020). Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP). United Nations,Industrial Development Organisation. https://www.unido.org/our-focus-safeguarding-environment-resource-efficient-and-low-carbon-industrial-production/resource-efficient-and-cleaner-production-recp
Anonim. (2022). Tekan Gap Kebutuhan Gula Konsumsi, Kemenperin: Produksi Terus Digenjot. Kementerian Perindustrian Republik Indonesia. https://kemenperin.go.id/artikel/23444/Tekan-Gap-Kebutuhan-Gula-Konsumsi,-Kemenperin:-Produksi-Terus-Digenjot-#:~:text=Pada tahun 2021%2C produksi gula,3%2C27 juta ton GKR.
Arzoumanidis, I., D’Eusanio, M., Raggi, A., & Petti, L. (2019). Functional Unit Definition Criteria in Life Cycle Assessment and Social Life Cycle Assessment: A Discussion. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01508-4_1
Astuti, A. D. (2019). Potential Analysis Of Environmental Impact Of Sugarcane Plantation Using Life Cycle Assessment (Lca) Approach. Jurnal Litbang, XV(1), 51–64. https://ejurnal-litbang.patikab.go.id/index.php/jl/article/download/127/115
Chakraborty, S., P. K. Tiwari, S. K. S., Misra, A. K., & Chattopadhyay, J. (2017). Effects of fertilizers used in agricultural fields on algal blooms. The European Physical Journal Special Topics, 226, 2119–2133. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1140/epjst/e2017-70031-7
Dincer, I., & Bicer, Y. (2018). Ammonia. Comprehensive Energy Systems, 2, 1–39. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809597-3.00201-7
Directorate General of Estates. (2021). Statistik Perkebunan Unggulan Nasional 2020-2022. https://ditjenbun.pertanian.go.id/template/uploads/2022/08/STATISTIK-UNGGULAN-2020-2022.pdf
Evans, S., Vladimirova, D., Holgado, M., Fossen, K. Van, Yang, M., Silva, E. A., & Barlow, C. Y. (2017). Business Model Innovation for Sustainability:Towards a Unified Perspective for Creation ofSustainable Business Models. Business Strategy and the Environment, 26(5), 600. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/bse.1939
Farooq, N., & Gheewala, S. H. (2019). Water use and deprivation potential for sugarcane cultivation in Pakistan. Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment, 10, 33–39. https://jseejournal.com/media/124/attachment/Water use and pp. 33-39.pdf
Greendelta. (2019). openLCA Nexus. https://nexus.openlca.org/
GreenDelta GmbH. (2021). openLCA Nexus. Greendelta. https://nexus.openlca.org/
Hanafi, J., Adiwijaya, D., & Saputra, S. (2021). Life Cycle Indonesia. https://www.lifecycleindonesia.com/copy-of-about-1
Hart, S. L., & Milstein, M. B. (2003). Creating sustainable value. Academy of Management Executive, 17(3), 60. http://www.stuartlhart.com/sites/stuartlhart.com/files/creatingsustainablevalue.pdf
ISO 14044: 2006, Environmental Management,Life Cycle Assesment-Requirements Guidelines, 11 (2006). https://www.iso.org/standard/38498.html
Izursaa, J.-L., Hanlon, E. A., Amponsah, N. Y., & Capece, J. C. (2013). Carbon Footprint of Biofuel Sugarcane Produced in Mineral and Organic Soils in Florida. OSTI GOV, 7. https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1337146
Jessica Hanafi, Hermana, J., Siregar, K., Chairani, E., Azis, M. M., Iswara, A. P., Adiansyah, J. S., Pramulya, R., Setiawan, A. A. R., Rusdiyanto, F. G., D.M.W., Y., Syafrudin, A., Ayu, A. P., & Adiwijaya, D. (2021). Pedoman Penyusunan Laporan Penilaian Daur Hidup (LCA) (S. Reliantoro & J. Hanaf (eds.); 1st ed.). Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Pencemaran dan Kerusakan Lingkungan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. https://proper.menlhk.go.id/propercms/uploads/magazine/docs/buku/magazinePedoman_Penyusunan_Laporan_Penilaian_Daur_Hidup_2021.pdf
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No.492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010, Pub. L. No. 492/MENKES/PER/IV/2010 (2010). https://pamsimas.pu.go.id/peraturan-menteri-kesehatan-republik-indonesia-no-492/
LC Impact. (2019). Ecosystem Quality, Terrestrial Ecotoxicity. LC-Impact. https://lc-impact.eu/EQterrestrial_ecotoxicity.html
Map Data. (2023). Peta Kabupaten Bantul dan Propinsi Daerah Istimewah Yogyakarta. https://www.google.com/search?q=peta+kabupaten+bantul&oq=Peta+Kabupaten+&aqs=chrome.0.0i512l2j69i57j0i512l7.6520j0j15&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#
Mashoko, L., Mbohwa, C., & Thomas, V. M. (2010). LCA of the South African sugar industry. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 53(6), 793–807. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2010.488120
Moura, M. A. M., Oliveira, R., Jonsson, C. M., Domingues, I., Soares, A. M. V. M., & Nogueira, A. J. A. (2018). The sugarcane herbicide ametryn induces oxidative stress and developmental abnormalities in zebrafish embryos. Ecotoxicology in Tropical Regions, 25. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11356-017-9614-0
Nolan, B. T., & Stoner, J. D. (2000). Nutrients in Groundwaters of the Conterminous United States, 1992−1995. ACS Publication, 34(7), 1156–1165. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1021/es9907663
Novayanti, D., & Poedjirahajoe, E. (2014). Dampak Limbah Pabrik Gula Madukismo Terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Bedog di Bantul, Yogyakarta [Universitas Gajah Mada]. http://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/penelitian/detail/75852
PRABHAKAR, N., RAJU, D. V. L. N., & SAGAR, R. V. (2010). CANE TRASH AS FUEL. Atamexico, 27, 2. https://www.atamexico.com.mx/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/ENGINEERING-20-Prabhakar.pdf
Qamar, M. U., Azmat, M., & Abbas, A. (2018). Water Pricing and Implementation Strategies for the Sustainability of an Irrigation System: A Case Study within the Command Area of the Rakh Branch Canal. Water, 10(4), 11. https://doi.org/doi:10.3390/w10040509
Rabelo, S. C., Costa, A. C. da, & Rossel, C. E. V. (2015). Industrial Waste Recovery. Sugarcane, 363–381. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-802239-9.00017-7
Seabra, J. E. A., Macedo, I. C., Chum, H. L., Faroni, C. E., & Sarto, C. A. (2011). Life cycle assessment of Brazilian sugarcane products: GHG emissions and energy use. Biofuels, Bioproduct And Biorefining, 5(5), 519–532. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/bbb.289
Setiawan, A. A. R. (2020). Application Of Lca In Energy And Material Industries Arief A.R. Setiawan Pusat Penelitian Kebijakan Manajemen Iptek & Inovasi, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia [email protected] Workshop Penerapan LCA di Industri Bidang Energi dan Material.
Sharma, S., Shera, P. S., Kaur, R., & Sangha, K. S. (2020). Evaluation of augmentative biological control strategy against major borer insect pests of sugarcane—a large-scale field appraisal. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 30(27), 148. https://ejbpc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41938-020-00330-0
Sillsa, D. L., Doren, L. G. Van, Colin, B., Raynore, & Elizabeth. (2020). The effect of functional unit and co-product handling methods on life cycle assessment of an algal biorefi. Algal Research, 46, 3. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2019.101770
Simoneaux, B. J., & Gould, T. J. (2008). Plant Uptake and Metabolism of Triazine Herbicides. The Triazine Herbicides, 73–79. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451167-6.50010-6
Sirait, M. (2020). Studi Life Cycle Assessment Produksi Gula Tebu: Studi Kasus di Jawa Timur. Rekayasa, 13(2), 197. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21107/rekayasa.v13i2.5915
Sornpoon, W., Bonnet, S., Kasemsap, P., Prasertsak, P., & Garivait, A. (2014). Estimation of Emissions from Sugarcane Field Burning in Thailand Using Bottom-Up Country-Specific Activity Data. Atmosphere, 5(3), 675. https://doi.org/ttps://doi.org/10.3390/atmos5030669
Ueda, K., Takenaka, T., Vancza, J., & Monostori, L. (2009). Value Creation and Decision-making in Sustainable Society. CIRP Annals, 58(2), 681–700. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cirp.2009.09.010
UNEP. (2017). A Framework for Freshwater Ecosystem Management,Volume 2: Technical guide for classification and target-setting. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22242/Framework_Freshwater_Ecosystem_Mgt_vol2.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Ward, M. H. (2009). Too Much of a Good Thing? Nitrate from Nitrogen Fertilizers and Cancer. National of Library Medicine, 24(4), 357. https://doi.org/doi: 10.1515/reveh.2009.24.4.357
Ward, M. H., DeKok, T. M., Levallois, P., Brender, J., Gulis, G., Nolan, B. T., & VanDerslice, J. (2005). Workgroup Report: Drinking-Water Nitrate and Health—Recent Findings and Research Needs. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(11), 1607–1614. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8043
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. (2012). 2,4-D Chemical Fact Sheet. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/lakes/plants/factsheets
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Affiliations
Elvis Umbu Lolo
Teknik Lingkungan, Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo
Widianto Widianto
Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo
Alfred Dedu Ngalung
Universitas Kristen Teknologi Solo
Analysis of the Environmental Impact of Sugarcane Cultivation on Ecotoxicity, Land Use Competition and Depletion of abiotic resources with Life Cycle Assessment (Case Study: Madukismo Sugar Factory, Yogyakarta, Indonesia)
Vol 3 No 2 (2023): Journal of Environmental and Science Education : September 2023
Submitted: Jun 9, 2023
Published: Sep 29, 2023
Abstract
Madukismo Sugar Factory used Ametryn and 2,4 d.amine as herbicides, and Urea, NPK, and ZA fertilizers, in its sugarcane cultivation process. This study performed life cycle assessment to see its environmental impact and proposed sustainable improvement efforts. The factory's sugarcane cultivation was found to account for 1041.085927 kg 1,4-DCB- Eq of Freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity-FAETP 100a, 6.702603784 kg 1,4-DCB-Eq of Terrestrial ecotoxicity-TAETP 100a, 689.8995889 m2a of Land use– competition, and 171.1111422 kg antimony-Eq of Depleted abiotic resources. The improvement could be made by applying biological pest controls, such as trichogamma chilonis, Cotesia flavipes, Sturmiopsis inferens, Tetrastichus scoenobii and elasmus zehteneri. The NPK, ZA, and urea fertilizers should also be used according to the standard operating procedure set by the Ministry of Agriculture, particularly regarding its amount and duration (at least twice a year). Manure could also be used to decrease dependency on synthetic fertilizers. Filter cake should also be used as organic fertilizer in sugarcane cultivation.