Balance between Investment Protection and Sustainable Development under Tanzania-Canada BITs: Need for Progressive Domestic Investment Law
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Jan 19, 2023
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Abstract
Interactions between foreign investment and host community raise questions as to the proper approach to balance investment protection and sustainable development interests. This article examines how Tanzania balances investment protection with social and environmental concerns. Tanzania has had a mixed practice with foreign investment and Bits. Few Bits were concluded in the early years after independence. But then the country experimented with socialism and self-reliance in late 1960’s and 1970’s, only to reverse trend in mid-1980’s. Tanzania concluded majority of her Bits in 1990s and 2000’s. From 2010, Tanzania concluded Bits which are conscious of sustainable development concerns. Tanzania-Canada BIT is a case in point. These Bits not only inserted explicit sustainable development provisions but also progressive investment standard provisions which afford the government space to regulate legitimate sustainable development objectives. However, this recalibration approach still faces practical challenges due inconsistencies of arbitral tribunals. To help fill this gap, the study considers the role of domestic investment laws in protecting sustainable development interests. In that regard, the study holds the view that domestic investment laws have to be sustainable development oriented in order to supplement other approaches of balancing investor rights with sustainable development interests of host states.
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Kitonka, N. H. (2023). Balance between Investment Protection and Sustainable Development under Tanzania-Canada BITs: Need for Progressive Domestic Investment Law. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 4(1), 79-108. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v4i1.60464
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Research Article
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529-584 at Stable URL: https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.2307/26415686.
Milej., P. T. (2017). “Striking the Right Balance between the Interests of the Foreign Investors and the Host State–A Case Study of the Tanzania-Germany BIT 50 years After its Conclusion”, African Journal of International and Comparative Law, Vol. 25 No.1, 2017,1-22.
Mohamed N. K. et al, (2016) “Impact of North Mara Gold Mine on the Element Contents in Fish from the River Mara, Tanzania” Journal of Radio analytical and Nuclear Chemistry, Vo. 309, No. 1. 421-427.
NaumiKassim Mohammed, N. K., Guo, D., Elizabeth, N. Y. (2021). “Legal Protection of Foreign Investment (FI) in Zanzibar: Lesson for China Investments.”Beijing Law Review. Vol.12 No.4. 1191-1214.
Neer v. Mexico, 4 Rep. of Int’l Arb. Awards 60, 61-62 (U.S.-Mex. Gen. Claims Comm’n 1926).
Newcombe, A. &Paradell, L. (2009). Law and Practice of Investment Treaties. Kluwer Law International BV, The Netherlands.
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Parkerings-Compagniet v. Lithuania, Award on jurisdiction and merits, ICSID Case No. ARB/05/8 Award 14th August 2007.
Persha, L. (2018). “Impacts of Customary Land Use Rights Formalization on Smallholder Tenure Security and Economic Outcomes: Midline Results from a RCT Impact Evaluation of USAID’s Land Tenure Assistance Activity in Tanzania”, conference paper at the 2018 World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty, (The World Bank - Washington DC, March 19-23, 2018).
Philip Morris Brands Sàrl, Philip Morris Products S.A. and AbalHermanos S.A. v. Republic of Uruguay, ICSID Case No. ARB/10/7
Rights and Accountability in Development (RAID) – MiningWatch. (2016). Tanzanian Government Investigation Receives Hundreds of Reports of Violence and Deaths at North Mara Gold Mine. available at https://miningwatch.ca/news/2016/9/22/tanzanian-government-investigation-receives-hundreds-reports-violence-and-deaths (accessed on 3rd September, 2021).
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Ronald S. Lauder v. Czech Republic, UNICITRAL Award, 3 Sept. 2001.
S. D Myers, Inc v. Canada, 40 I.L.M 1408, 143 (NAFTA Arbitration Tribunal 2001).
Salacuse, J. (2009). The Law of Investment Treaties. Oxford University Press. Oxford.
Sasse, J. P. (2011) An Economic Analysis of Bilateral Investment Treaties. GablerVerlag, Seiten.
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