Scrutinizing Perseroan Perorangan: The Brainchild of Societas Unius Personae in the Realm of Indonesian Company Laws
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Dec 20, 2022
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Abstract
The Indonesian government has long been committed to developing the business conditions, particularly for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs). The debut of a single-person limited company (perseroan perorangan) is one of the numerous ambitions of this crucial aspiration. Debates circling this novel kind of company in Indonesia remain a heated debate between practitioners, jurists, scholars, and the government. This article endeavors to elucidate these debates by concentrating on the legal theories encompassing company laws, the practice of single-member limited liability companies overseas and domestically and scrutinizing the single-person limited companies amid the contemporary Indonesian legal dan regulatory regime. This research utilizes doctrinal legal study and secondary data. Dogmatic literature reviews are carried out on scholarly works concerning the subject matter, and the analysis is carried out using the qualitative method. This inquiry reveals that the current single-person limited companies in Indonesia are supported adequately by several legal theories. This sort of company has been exercised in numerous nations, mainly in Europe. There is also room for legislative and executive development and juridical enhancement to ultimately maximize the company's potential.
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Tan, D. (2022). Scrutinizing Perseroan Perorangan: The Brainchild of Societas Unius Personae in the Realm of Indonesian Company Laws. Lex Scientia Law Review, 6(2), 391-442. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i2.56059
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———. “The Cyclical Transformation of the Corporate Form: A Historical Perspective on Corporate Social Responsibility.” Delaware Journal of Corporate Law 30, No. 3 (2005): 767–818. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.672601.
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Davies, Paul. Gower & Davies: Principles of Modern Company Law. 9th ed. London: Sweet & Maxwell, 2012.
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Hamzah, Hanim, Agnesya M. Narang, and Anggi Yusari. “Legal Systems in Indonesia: Overview.” Thomson Reuters Practical Law, 2021. https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/w-010-7310?transitionType=Default&contextData=(sc.Default).
Hardman, Jonathan. Articles of Association in UK Private Companies: An Empirical Leximetric Study. European Business Organization Law Review. Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-021-00213-3.
———. “Reconceptualising Scottish Limited Partnership Law.” Journal of Corporate Law Studies 21, No. 1 (2021): 179–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2020.1803784.
Harris, Ron. “A New Understanding of the History of Limited Liability: An Invitation For Theoretical Reframing.” Journal of Institutional Economics 16, No. 5 (2020): 643–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137420000181.
———. “The Private Origins of the Private Company: Britain 1862-1907.” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 33, No. 2 (2013): 339–78. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqt001.
———. “The Transplantation of the Legal Discourse on Corporate Personality Theories: From German Codification to British Political Pluralism and American Big Business.” Washington and Lee Law Review 63, No. 4 (2006): 1421–78. https://www.proquest.com/openview/44ec1f4803cc9b15bf0b114b26cc5df0/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=5472.
Hawes, Colin, Alex K.L. Lau, and Angus Young. “Lifting the Corporate Veil in China: Statutory Vagueness, Shareholder Ignorance and Case Precedents in a Civil Law System.” Journal of Corporate Law Studies 15, No. 2 (2015): 341–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2015.1057965.
Horak, Hana. “Societas Unius Personae – Possibility for Enhancing Cross Border Business of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises?” In 31st International Scientific Conference on Economic and Social Development - “Legal Challenges of Modern World,” edited by Marijan Cingula, Douglas Rhein, and Mustapha Machrafi, 180–86. Split, Croatia, 2018. https://bib.irb.hr/datoteka/942389.Book_of_Proceedings_esdSplit2018_Online.pdf#page=189.
Kanamugire, Jean Chrysostome, and Terence Vincent Chimuka. “The Directors’ Duty to Exercise Care and Skill in Contemporary South African Company Law and the Business Judgment Rule.” Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5, No. 20 (2014): 70–78. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p70.
Koster, Harold. “EU Legal Entities: New Options?” European Company Law 12, No. 1 (2015): 5–6. https://kluwerlawonline.com/journalarticle/European+Company+Law/12.1/EUCL2015001.
Krannich, Jess M. “The Corporate ‘Person’: A New Analytical Approach to a Flawed Method of Constitutional Interpretation.” Loyola University Chicago Law Journal 37, No. 1 (2005): 61–109. ttps://lawecommons.luc.edu/luclj/vol37/iss1/4.
Krawczyk-Giehsmann, Aleksandra. “Shareholders’ Liability for Ruining a Company in Light of the CJEU’s Judgment in Kornhaas.” European Business Organization Law Review 21, No. 2 (2020): 475–504. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40804-019-00142-2.
Lind, Douglas. “The Pragmatic Value of Legal Fictions.” In Legal Fictions in Theory and Practice, edited by Maksymilian Del Mar and William Twining, 1st ed., 83–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09232-4_5.
Macgregor, Laura. “Partnerships and Legal Personality: Cautionary Tales from Scotland.” Journal of Corporate Law Studies 20, No. 1 (2020): 237–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2019.1654805.
Mackie, Colin. “Corporate Groups, Common Officers and the Relevance of ‘Capacity’ in Questions of Knowledge Attribution.” Journal of Corporate Law Studies 20, No. 1 (2020): 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1080/14735970.2019.1604607.
Mahy, Petra. “The Evolution of Company Law in Indonesia: An Exploration of Legal Innovation and Stagnation.” American Journal of Comparative Law 61, No. 2 (2013): 377–432. https://doi.org/10.5131/AJCL.2012.0023.
Manurung, Bicar Franki Leonardo, Elza Syarief, and Rina Shahriyani Shahrullah. “Legal Consequences of Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations: Are They Similar?” Journal of Law and Policy Transformation 7, No. 1 (2022): 85–96. https://doi.org/10.37253/jlpt.v7i1.6746.
Marjanski, Vladimir, and Attila Dudás. “Some Current Problems with the Regulation of Limited Liability Companies in Serbia.” Central European Journal of Comparative Law 1, No. 1 (2020): 131–45. https://doi.org/10.47078/2020.1.131-145.
Maughan, C W, and Kevin McGuinness. “Towards an Economic Theory of the Corporation.” Journal of Corporate Law Studies 1, No. 1 (2001): 141–80. https://doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000000444.
Miller, Darrell A. H. “Guns, Inc.: Citizens United, McDonald, and the Future of Corporate Constitutional Rights.” New York University Law Review 86, No. 4 (2011): 887–957. https://www.nyulawreview.org/issues/volume-86-number-4/guns-inc-citizens-united-mcdonald-and-the-future-of-corporate-constitutional-rights/.
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