The Hierarchical Model of Delegated Legislation in Indonesia
Main Article Content
Abstract
In a democratic rule of law like Indonesia, delegated legislation emerges as a necessity. Unfortunately, Article 8, paragraph (1) of Law Number 12 of 2011 concerning the Establishment of Laws and Regulations, in conjunction with Law Number 13 of 2022 concerning the Second Amendment to Law Number 12 of 2011, fails to articulate a clear hierarchy of delegated regulations. Employing a juridical-normative research approach encompassing statutory, historical, and conceptual dimensions, this study sheds light on the prevailing legal vacuum. The research reveals that a staggering 24,052 regulations at the level of Ministries, Agencies, and State Institutions run the risk of overlapping and becoming subject to judicial review in the Supreme Court. The definition of Delegated Legislations in Indonesia, as interpreted herein, is confined to regulations whose legal construction is executed by the executive, as long as formal legal norms continue to confer the authority of delegation in the legislative domain to implement superior regulations. This paper identifies three distinct models governing the structuring of Delegated Legislations within the hierarchy of laws and regulations in Indonesia. These models include the Hierarchical model based on the legal foundation of institution formation, the Hierarchical model based on the position of the institution, and the Hierarchical model based on the source of delegated authority in forming rules. This nuanced exploration seeks to address the complexities surrounding delegated legislation, aiming to provide clarity and coherence within the Indonesian legal framework.
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How to Cite
Al-Fatih, S., Safaat, M. A., Widiarto, A. E., Al Uyun, D., & Nur, M. (2023). The Hierarchical Model of Delegated Legislation in Indonesia. Lex Scientia Law Review, 7(2), 629-658. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i2.74651
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References
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Purwaningtyas, Lovika Augusta, Bayu Dwi Anggono, and A’an Efendi. “Pendelegasian Wewenang Pembentukan Undang-Undang Oleh Undang-Undang.” Interdisciplinary Journal on Law, Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (2023): 21-40. https://doi.org/10.19184/idj.v4i1.31841.
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Saharan, Shantanu, and Pankaj Jangir. “Concept of Delegated Legislation and Its Legal Application in a State.” International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 3, no. 4 (2020): 994–1000.
Sapitri, Imelda, and Deni Jaya Saputra. “Kedudukan Peraturan Desa Dalam Hierarki Perundang-Undangan Setelah Keluarnya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011.” Eksekusi 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24014/je.v2i1.9271.
Sjarif, Fitriani Ahlan. “Pembentukan Peraturan Delegasi dari Undang-Undang Pada Kurun Waktu 1999-2012.” Thesis. (Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia, 2015).
Smith, Stanley A. de. Delegated Legislation in England. (Utah: University of Utah, Institute of Government, 1949).
Stelmach, Jerzy, and Bartosz Brozek. Methods of Legal Reasoning. (Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4939-0.
Sukardi, Sukardi, and E. Prajwalita Widiati. “Pendelegasian Pengaturan Oleh Undang-Undang Kepada Peraturan Yang Lebih Rendah dan Akibat Hukumnya.” Yuridika 27, no. 2 (2012): 141–56. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v27i2.293.
Sukardi, Sukardi, and Hadi Rahmat Purnama. “Restorative Justice Principles in Law Enforcement and Democracy in Indonesia”. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 155-90. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i1.53057.
Sunaryo, Sidik. “Formal Genus of the Value of Justice in Indonesia.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 29, no. 2 (2021): 223–36. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v29i2.16609.
Taggart, Michael. “From ‘Parliamentary Powers’ to Privatization: The Chequered History of Delegated Legislation in the Twentieth Century.” University of Toronto Law Journal 55, no. 3 (2005): 575-627. https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0030.
Tamin, Budianto Eldist Daud. “Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Kedudukan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (Perma) dalam Hierarki Peraturan Perundangundangan di Indonesia.” Lex Administratum 6, no. 3 (2018): 112–21.
Wicaksono, Dian Agung, Hantoro, Bimo Fajar, Kurniawan, Dedy. “Quo Vadis Pengaturan Kewenangan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Penerimaan Permohonan Fiktif Positif Pasca Penataan Regulasi Dalam Undang-Undang.” Jurnal Rechtsvinding 10, no. 2 (2021): 323–37. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v10i2.715.
Widiarto, Aan Eko, Muhammad Dahlan, and Ria Casmi Arrsa. “The Construction of Legal Basis Relevant to the State of Law in the Event of Pandemic Emergency: A Lesson from Indonesia.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 30, no. 2 (2022): 283–97. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v30i2.23553.
Willis, John. “The Parliamentary Powers of English Government Departments.” The Cambridge Law Journal 3, no. 3 (1929): 428–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197300104775.
Wuisang, Ari. “Reposisi Peraturan Desa Dalam Hierarki Perundang-Undangan.” Palar: Pakuan Law Review 4, no. 1 (2018): 91–110. https://doi.org/10.33751/palar.v4i1.785.
Zaelani. “Pelimpahan Kewenangan Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (Delegation of Authority the Estabilshment of Legislation Regulation).” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2012): 119–34. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v9i1.380.
Al-Fatih, Sholahuddin, and Ahmad Siboy. Menulis Artikel Karya Ilmiah Hukum di Jurnal Nasional Dan Internasional Bereputasi. (Malang: Inteligensia Media, 2021).
Anggono, Bayu Dwi. “Tertib Jenis, Hierarki, Dan Materi Muatan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan: Permasalahan Dan Solusinya.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 47, no. 1 (2018): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.47.1.2018.1-9.
Ansari, Tunggul, and Setia Negara. “Normative Legal Research in Indonesia: Its Originis and Approaches.” Audito Comparative Law Journal (ACLJ) 4, no. 1 (2023): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.22219/ACLJ.V4I1.24855.
Arifin, Ridwan. “Democracy on Indonesian Legal Reform: How Can People Participate on Laws and Regulations Establishment Process”. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 2, no. 2 (2017): 155-58. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v2i02.19439.
Burton, Steven J. An Introduction to Law and Legal Reasoning. (New York: Wolters Kluwer Law & Business, 2007).
Corputty, Patrick. “Omnibus Law Sebagai Alternatif Penyembuh Obesitas Regulasi Sektoral.” Jurnal Saniri 1, no. 1 (2020): 44-61.
Daly, P. “How Binding Are Binding Guidelines? An Analytical Framework.” Canadian Public Administration 66, no. 2 (2023): 211-229. https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12519.
Erdos, D. “The UK GDPR, the Immigration Exception and Brexit: Interrogating Open Rights Group v Secretary of State for the Home Department and Its Aftermath.” Modern Law Review 86, no. 3 (2023): 785–800. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12784.
Fadli, Moh. Peraturan Delegasi di Indonesia. 1st ed. (Malang: UB Press, 2011).
Fathorrahman, Fathorrahman. “Peraturan Delegasi dalam Sistem Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia.” Jurnal Rechtens 7, no. 2 (2018): 193–212. https://doi.org/10.36835/rechtens.v7i2.376.
Francesco, F. De, and J. Tosun. “The Enactment of Public Participation in Rulemaking: A Comparative Analysis.” Swiss Political Science Review 29, no. 1 (2023): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/spsr.12550.
Haruni, Catur Wido. “Constitutionality of Monitoring and Evaluation of Regional Regulation Drafts and Regional Regulations by Regional Representative Council.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 30, no. 1 (2022): 103–15. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v30i1.20532.
Hewart, Lord. The New Despotism. (London: Ernest Benn Limited, 1929).
Hoesein, Zainal Arifin. Judicial Review di Mahkamah Agung RI Tiga Dekade Pengujian Peraturan Perundang-Undangan. (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2009).
Irwansyah. Penelitian Hukum: Pilihan Metode & Praktik Penulisan Artikel. Edited by Ahsan Yunus. (Yogyakarta: Mirra Buana Media, 2020).
Kruck, Andreas, and Moritz Weiss. “The Regulatory Security State in Europe.” Journal of European Public Policy 30, no. 7 (2023): 1205–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2023.2172061.
Levi, Edward H. An Introduction to Legal Reasoning. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013).
Luluardi, Yunas and Ayon Diniyanto, “Political Dynasty in Law and Political Perspective: To What Extent Has the Election Law Been Reformed?”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, no. 1 (2021): 109-24. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i1.44321.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. (Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group, 2014).
Nalle, Victor Imanuel W. “Kewenangan Yudikatif dalam Pengujian Peraturan Kebijakan.” Jurnal Yudisial 6, no. 1 (2013): 33–47. https://doi.org/10.29123/JY.V6I1.117.
Natalia, Siska Windu, and Qurrata Ayuni. “Pembentukan Peraturan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Dalam Berbagai.” Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan 7, no. 2 (2023): 1514–26. https://doi.org/10.58258/jisip.v7i2.4956/http.
Pump, C. van der, and E. Scheepbouwer. “Australia’s Combustible Cladding Crisis—A Failure in Delegated Legislation?” Buildings 13, no. 4 (2023): 1010. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13041010.
Purwaningtyas, Lovika Augusta, Bayu Dwi Anggono, and A’an Efendi. “Pendelegasian Wewenang Pembentukan Undang-Undang Oleh Undang-Undang.” Interdisciplinary Journal on Law, Social Sciences and Humanities 4, no. 1 (2023): 21-40. https://doi.org/10.19184/idj.v4i1.31841.
Rahmadhony, Aditya, Iwan Setiawan, and Mario Ekoriano. “Problematika ‘Delegated Legislation’ Pada Undang-Undang Nomor 52 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perkembangan Kependudukan Dan Pembangunan Keluarga.” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 17, no. 4 (2020): 407–22. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v17i4.681.
Saharan, Shantanu, and Pankaj Jangir. “Concept of Delegated Legislation and Its Legal Application in a State.” International Journal of Law Management & Humanities 3, no. 4 (2020): 994–1000.
Sapitri, Imelda, and Deni Jaya Saputra. “Kedudukan Peraturan Desa Dalam Hierarki Perundang-Undangan Setelah Keluarnya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011.” Eksekusi 2, no. 1 (2020): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.24014/je.v2i1.9271.
Sjarif, Fitriani Ahlan. “Pembentukan Peraturan Delegasi dari Undang-Undang Pada Kurun Waktu 1999-2012.” Thesis. (Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia, 2015).
Smith, Stanley A. de. Delegated Legislation in England. (Utah: University of Utah, Institute of Government, 1949).
Stelmach, Jerzy, and Bartosz Brozek. Methods of Legal Reasoning. (Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4939-0.
Sukardi, Sukardi, and E. Prajwalita Widiati. “Pendelegasian Pengaturan Oleh Undang-Undang Kepada Peraturan Yang Lebih Rendah dan Akibat Hukumnya.” Yuridika 27, no. 2 (2012): 141–56. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v27i2.293.
Sukardi, Sukardi, and Hadi Rahmat Purnama. “Restorative Justice Principles in Law Enforcement and Democracy in Indonesia”. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, no. 1 (2022): 155-90. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i1.53057.
Sunaryo, Sidik. “Formal Genus of the Value of Justice in Indonesia.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 29, no. 2 (2021): 223–36. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v29i2.16609.
Taggart, Michael. “From ‘Parliamentary Powers’ to Privatization: The Chequered History of Delegated Legislation in the Twentieth Century.” University of Toronto Law Journal 55, no. 3 (2005): 575-627. https://doi.org/10.1353/tlj.2005.0030.
Tamin, Budianto Eldist Daud. “Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Kedudukan Peraturan Mahkamah Agung (Perma) dalam Hierarki Peraturan Perundangundangan di Indonesia.” Lex Administratum 6, no. 3 (2018): 112–21.
Wicaksono, Dian Agung, Hantoro, Bimo Fajar, Kurniawan, Dedy. “Quo Vadis Pengaturan Kewenangan Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Dalam Penerimaan Permohonan Fiktif Positif Pasca Penataan Regulasi Dalam Undang-Undang.” Jurnal Rechtsvinding 10, no. 2 (2021): 323–37. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v10i2.715.
Widiarto, Aan Eko, Muhammad Dahlan, and Ria Casmi Arrsa. “The Construction of Legal Basis Relevant to the State of Law in the Event of Pandemic Emergency: A Lesson from Indonesia.” Legality: Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum 30, no. 2 (2022): 283–97. https://doi.org/10.22219/ljih.v30i2.23553.
Willis, John. “The Parliamentary Powers of English Government Departments.” The Cambridge Law Journal 3, no. 3 (1929): 428–29. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008197300104775.
Wuisang, Ari. “Reposisi Peraturan Desa Dalam Hierarki Perundang-Undangan.” Palar: Pakuan Law Review 4, no. 1 (2018): 91–110. https://doi.org/10.33751/palar.v4i1.785.
Zaelani. “Pelimpahan Kewenangan Dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan (Delegation of Authority the Estabilshment of Legislation Regulation).” Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia 9, no. 1 (2012): 119–34. https://doi.org/10.54629/jli.v9i1.380.