Imperfect Information of Bankers Clause in Credit Agreements in Banking Institutions: Further Legal Impact
Main Article Content
Abstract
Banking institutions primarily serve as intermediaries, collecting funds from the public through deposits (including savings, deposits, and current accounts) and redirecting these funds to the public in the form of credit. The execution of credit transactions necessitates a formal credit agreement to ensure legal certainty. These agreements typically follow a standardized pattern, with the bank drafting the terms and customers, often in a position of economic dependency, obliged to sign. Within the credit agreement, a crucial component is the banker clause, designed to mitigate credit risks. In the event of unforeseen circumstances, such as the customer's demise, this clause ensures that an insurance company settles the remaining debt. However, the effectiveness of this clause is contingent on the comprehensiveness of the insurance coverage. One noteworthy issue arises from the lack of transparency during the signing of credit agreements. Customers, represented solely by the bank during this process, may not be fully informed about the intricacies of the banker clause. Consequently, customers have found themselves in situations where they are obligated to fulfill outstanding credit obligations despite insurance claim rejections due to undisclosed specifics of certain diseases. To address this concern, it is imperative to establish explicit regulations governing disclosing information related to the banker clause during the signing of the credit agreement. This necessitates a collaborative effort involving the customer, bank, and insurance institution, ensuring that all relevant parties convene to discuss and clarify the terms of the credit agreement, particularly those related to the banker clause.
Article Details
How to Cite
Hamzah, R., Adinda, F. A., Hardiago, D., & Woodward, J. (2023). Imperfect Information of Bankers Clause in Credit Agreements in Banking Institutions: Further Legal Impact. Lex Scientia Law Review, 7(2), 529-568. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v7i2.76529
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Amalia, Chairy Naima. "Application of The Exoneration Clausula in The Customer Opening Account form Agreement in Conventional Banks in Bandar Lampung." Indonesia Private Law Review 1, no. 1 (2020): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.25041/iplr.v1i1.2043
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Camara, Antonio, Travis Davidson, and Andrew Fodor. “Bank Asset Structure and Deposit Insurance Pricing.” Journal of Banking and Finance 114 (2020): 105805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2020.105805.
Egrican, Asli Togan. “Overlapping Board Connections with Banker Directors and Corporate Loan Terms: Evidence from Syndicated Loans.” Global Finance Journal 50 (2021): 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gfj.2021.100672.
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Júlio, Paulo, and José R. Maria. “The Magnifying Role of the Banking Sector during Depressions.” Journal of Macroeconomics 79, no. October 2023 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmacro.2023.103569.
Jusuf, Jopie. Analisis Kredit Untuk Credit (Account).(Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2014).
Konsumen, Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 Tentang Perlindungan. Perlindungan Konsumen (1999). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/45288/uu-no-8-tahun-1999.
Kurniawan, Faizal, Xavier Nugraha, Gio Arjuna Putra, Vicko Taniady, and Bart Jansen. “The Principle of Balance Formulation as the Basis for Cancellation of Agreement in Indonesia.” Lex Scientia Law Review 6, no. 1 (2022): 121–56. https://doi.org/10.15294/lesrev.v6i1.55468.
Kusuma, Rahmawati. "Pencantuman Bankers Clause Dalam Perjanjian Kredit." Jatiswara 34, no .3 (2019): 294-308.
Maharani, Aulia, and Ahmad Khoiril Anwar. "Settlement of Debtors in Default in Credit Agreements with Movable Property Guarantees." Jurnal Scientia Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2021): 15-26.
Marzuki, Peter Mahmud. Penelitian Hukum. (Surabaya: Kencana : Prenada Media Group, 2021).
Mertokusumo, Sudikno. Penemuan Hukum: Sebuah Pengantar. (Yogyakarta: Cahaya Atma Pustaka, 2014).
Mochtar, Zainal Arifin, and Eddy O.S Hiariej. Dasar-Dasar Ilmu Hukum: Memahami Kaidah, Teori, Asas dan Filsafat Hukum. (Jakarta: Red & White Publishing, 2021).
Naili, Maryem, and Younès Lahrichi. “Banks’ Credit Risk, Systematic Determinants and Specific Factors: Recent Evidence from Emerging Markets.” Heliyon 8, no. 2 (2022): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08960.
Pillay, Mayuri Miranda. “The Impact of Pacta Sunt Servanda in the Law of Contract”. Dissertation. (Johannesburg: University of Pretoria, 2015).
Pound, Roscoe. Social Control Through Law. (London: Routledge, 2017).
Pratiwi, Hilda, and Paramita Prananingtyas Budiharto. "Tanggung Jawab Perusahaan Asuransi Dalam Pelaksanaan Pemberian Kredit Perbankan dengan Adanya Syarat Banker’s Clause." Diponegoro Law Journal 5, no. 3 (2016): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.14710/dlj.2016.12033
Purwaka, Tommy Hendra. “Penafsiran, Penalaran, dan Argumentasi Hukum Yang Rasional.” Masalah-Masalah Hukum 40, no. 2 (2011): 122. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.40.2.2011.117-122.
Purwoko, Sunu Widi. Aspek Hukum Bisnis Bank. (Jakarta: Nine Season Communication, 2015).
Rauber, Tom, and Paul Ritschel. “Banking Competition and Capital Dependence of the Production Sector: Growth and Welfare Implications.” International Review of Economics and Finance 89, no. PB (2024): 676–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2023.10.011.
Rauf, Asad. “Bank Stability and the Price of Loan Commitments.” Journal of Financial Intermediation 54, no. February (2023): 101027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfi.2023.101027.
Samsul, Inosentius. “Perlindungan Konsumen Jasa Keuangan Pasca Pembentukan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK).” Negara Hukum 4, no. 2 (2013): 156. https://doi.org/10.22212/jnh.v4i2.201.
Shidarta, Shidarta. "Teori Timbulnya Perjanjian dalam Transaksi Konsumen Elektronik." Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional 12, no. 45 (2023): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v12i2.1230.
Siswanta, Anggitariani Rayi Larasati. "Penerapan Asas Pacta Sunt Servanda dalam Perjanjian Standar yang Mengandung Klausula Eksonerasi Tanpa Menerapkan Asas Itikad Baik." Jurnal de Jure 15, no. 1 (2023): 46-64. https://doi.org/10.36277/jurnaldejure.v15i1.798
Situmorang, Mosgan. "The Power of Pacta Sunt Servanda Principle in Arbitration Agreement." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 21 (2020): 447-457. http://dx.doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2021.V21.447-458
Soekanto, Soerjono. Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2015).
Supramono, Gatot. Perbankan Dan Masalah Kredit Suatu Tinjauan Di Bidang Yuridis. (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta, 2009).
Susamto, Akhmad Akbar, Danes Quirira Octavio, Tastaftiyan Risfandy, and Dyah Titis Kusuma Wardani. “Public Ownership and Local Bank Lending at the Time of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia.” Pacific Basin Finance Journal 80, no. September 2022 (2023): 102072. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2023.102072.
Sutarno, Sutarno. Aspek-Aspek Hukum Perkreditan Pada Bank. (Bandung: Alfabeta, 2009).
Suwardjono, Maria SW. Bahan Kuliah: Metode Penelitian Ilmu Hukum. (Yogyakarta: Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2014).
Tan, David. "Controversial Issues on the Making of Notarial Deed Containing Chained Promise (Beding Berantai) on the Freedom of Contract Principle." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 4, no. 2 (2019): 315-338. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v4i2.31091
Tobing, Rudyanti Dorotea. Hukum Perjanjian Kredit (Konsep Perjanjian Kredit Sindikasi Yang Berasaskan Demokrasi Ekonomi). (Yogyakarta: Laksbang Grafika, 2014).
Wati, Ni Putu Purnama, Ni Luh Made Mahendrawati, and Desak Gde Dwi Arini. "Tanggung Jawab Pihak Asuransi Terhadap Perjanjian Kredit Bank Dalam Hal Debitur Meninggal Dunia." Jurnal Konstruksi Hukum 2, no. 1 (2021): 196-201. https://doi.org/10.22225/jkh.2.1.2996.196-201
Yackee, Jason Webb. "Pacta Sunt Servanda and State Promises to Foreign Investors Before Bilateral Investment Treaties: Myth and Reality." Fordham International Law Journal 32, no. 5 (2008): 1550-1613.