Future Challenge of the Freedom of Religion Act: Comparing Indonesia and Malaysia

Main Article Content

Mohammad Naefi

Abstract

Indonesia is one of the countries that uphold human rights International one of the examples is the freedom of religion or embrace religion. It is proven by the inclusion of one of the international human rights values ​​into our constitution namely article 28 I paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. As a sovereign country, Indonesia is obliged to protect the right of its citizens to embrace the religion or belief adopted without any compulsion from any party. Every citizen has the freedom to determine his or her faith or belief according to the mind and conscience of each. So Human Rights are rights that protect us to live together in society without any disturbance. The right to freedom of religion becomes important issue. This study aims to analyze and describe the freedom of religious act in Indonesia and Malaysia in the perspective of human rights.

Article Details

How to Cite
Naefi, M. (2021). Future Challenge of the Freedom of Religion Act: Comparing Indonesia and Malaysia. Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review, 1(2), 125-140. https://doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v1i2.50551
Section
Articles

References

Adji, O. S. (1985). State Free Trial Law. Jakarta: Erland.

Arifin, S. (2011). Islamic Discourse and Human Rights in Indonesia: Perspective on Religious/Religious Freedom. Journal of Islam Discourse and Human Rights in Indonesia, 14(2).

Asshiddiqie, J. (2007). Principles of Indonesian Constitutional Law Post Reformation. Jakarta: PT Buana Ilmu Populer.

Azhary, M. T. (1992). State of Law: A Study of Its Principles Seen from the aspect of Islamic Law, its Implementation, in the Period of Medina and Current State. Jakarta: Bulan Bintang.

Fatmawati, F. (2011). Protection of the Right to Freedom of Religion and Worship in Indonesian Law State. Journal of the Constitution, 8(4).

General Comment of the UN Human Rights Committee.

Hafsin, A. (2010). The Thought of Democracy in Indonesia between Restrictions and Religious Freedom. Journal of Analysis, 17(1).

Johanis, M. J. (2014). Protection of Religious Freedom in the Exercise of Worship according to the Perspective on Human Rights. Lex et Societas, 2(1).

Lerner, N. (2010). Nature and Minimum Standards Freedom of Religion or Belief, Freedom of Religion and Beliefs How Far? Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Mahendra, Y. I. (1996). Dynamics of State Administrative Law in Indonesia: Actual Compilation of Problems of House of Representatives and Party System. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press.

Marpaung M., Rusdi, R., & Sugiarto, J. H. (eds) (2006). Selective Democracy against Human Rights Enforcement: Report on Indonesia's Human Rights Condition 2005. Jakarta: Imparsial.

Muktiono, M. (2012). Assessing the Politics of Legal Freedom of Religion and Belief in Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 12(2).

Naning, R. (1983). Idea and Image of Human Rights in Indonesia. Jakarta: LKUI.

Nasution, A. B. (1995). Aspirations of Constitutional Governance in Indonesia. Jakarta: Pustaka Utama Grafiti.

Pujiarto, H. (1993). Human Rights in Indonesia a Philosophical Review Based on Pancasila and its Problems in Criminal Law. Yogyakarta: Atmajaya University.

Radjawane, P. (2014). Religious Freedom as a Constitutional Right in Indonesia. Journal Sasi, 20(1).

Rahmah, A. M., & Sudrajat, T. (2009). Discovery of Law in Concreto in Freedom of Religion and Belief. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 9(2).

Republic of Indonesia. (1999). Law on Human Rights, Law No. 30, LN. 165, TLN No. 3886 Year 1999.

Republic of Indonesia. (2000). Law No. 26 of 2000 on Human Rights Courts.

Sartini, S. (2008). Ethical of Religious Freedom. Journal of Philosophy, 18(3).

Sayogie, F. (2013). State Protection of the Right to Freedom of Religion: The Perspective of Islam and Universal Human Rights. Jurnal Hukum PRIORIS, 3(3).

Smith, R. K. M. (2008). Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam. Yogyakarta: PUSHAM UII.

Smith, R. K. M. et., al. (2008). Human Rights Law. Yogyakarta: PUSHAM UII.

Sodikin, S. (2013). Law and Religious Freedom.Journal of Law, 1(1).

Wignjosoebroto, S. (1996). Right to Self-Determination and Human Rights, Panel Discussion Paper, PSPMAA & NNB UNPAD & Balitbang DEPLU RI, August 10, 1996.

Wolhoff, W. (1995). Introduction to the Republic of Indonesia Constitutional Law. Jakarta: Timun Mas.

Yusdani, Y. (2011). Freedom of Religion in the Perspective of Human Rights. Journal of Al-Mawarid, 11(2), 268-269.