Victims of Rape and The Legal Protection: Problems and Challenges in The Victimological Studies

Main Article Content

Aprilia Putri Adiningsih
Ridwan Arifin
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9744-588X

Abstract

Victims of the crime of rape have not received optimal legal protection, even though they have been legally protected through the Law on the Protection of Witnesses and Victims, the Law on Child Protection, or the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. However, the concept of Indonesian criminal law, which focuses more on punishing and deterring criminals, has not been able to accommodate the rights of victims, especially in cases of certain crimes such as rape. In the case of rape, the victim receives an immaterial loss (loss of honor) which is legally difficult to materialize, so that the punishment is limited to imprisonment and a fine which is not sufficient to restore the victim's loss and restore the victim's trauma. This study aims to analyze the protection of victims of rape crime in the perspective of victimology and law. This study uses a normative legal approach, literature review and legal analysis. This study found that the juridical sera, the protection of victims of crime, including victims of rape, has been regulated by the state through several laws. The rights of victims have also been mentioned, ranging from restitution, to recovery of victims' losses and trauma. However, in cases of rape, victims are often dissatisfied with the punishment given to the perpetrators of this crime.

Article Details

How to Cite
Adiningsih, A. P., & Arifin, R. (2023). Victims of Rape and The Legal Protection: Problems and Challenges in The Victimological Studies. Semarang State University Undergraduate Law and Society Review, 3(1), 47-70. https://doi.org/10.15294/lsr.v3i1.56688
Section
Articles

References

Ahmadi, A. (2021). The traces of oppression and trauma to ethnic minorities in Indonesia who experienced rape on the 12 May 1998 tragedy: A review of literature. Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies, 8(2), 126-144.

Arief, B. N. (2002). Bunga Rampai Kebijakan Hukum Pidana. Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti.

Atmasasmita, R. (1992). Kapita Selekta Hukum Pidana dan Kriminologi. Bandung: Mandar Maju.

Dimyati, K., & Angkasa, A. (2019). Victimological Approaches to Crime of Rape in Indonesian Criminal Justice System. Hasanuddin Law Review, 4(3), 366-376.

Djubaedah, N. (2009). Pornografi dan Pornoaksi Ditinjau Dari Hukum Islam, Edisi Revisi, Cetakan ke-3. Jakarta: Kencana.

Ekotama, S. (2001). Harum Pudjiarta dan Widiartana. Abortus Provocatus, Bagi Korban Perkosaan Perspektif: Viktimologi dan Widiartana. Yogyakarta: Universitas Atmajaya Yogyakarta.

Falcon, S. (2001). Rape as a weapon of war: Advancing human rights for women at the US-Mexico border. Social Justice, 28(2 (84), 31-50.

Gosita, A. (1985). Victimisasi Kriminal Kekerasan, edisi II. Jakarta: Akademika Presindo.

Hamzah, A. (1986). Perlindungan Hak-hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kitab Undangundang Hukum Acara Pidana. Bandung: Binacipta.

Indirati, N. (2014). Pengembangan Model Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Sebagai Korban Perdagangan Di Indonesia. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, 14(3), 406-418.

Kusuma, M. W. (1982). Analisa Kriminologi Tentang Kejahatan-Kejahatan Kekerasan. Jakarta: Ghalia Indonesia.

Mansur, D. M. A., & Gultom, E. (2008). Urgensi Perlindungan Korban Kejahatan Antara Norma dan Realita. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo.

Marzuki, P. M. (2005). Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Kencana.

Mulyadi, L. (2004). Kapita Selekta Hukum Pidana Kriminologi dan Viktimologi. Jakarta: Djambatan.

Nkrumah, B. (2018). ‘Hunted like animals’: The conundrums of countering crimes against albinistic persons in the era of the UDHR. International journal of law, crime and justice, 55, 52-59.

Putri, A. R. H., & Arifin, R. (2019). Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Korban Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Indonesia (Legal Protection for Victims of Human Trafficking Crimes in Indonesia). Res Judicata, 2(1), 170-185.

Sadli, S. (2001). Beberapa Catatan Tentang Kekerasan Terhadap Perempuan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Makalah Program Studi Kajian Wanita PPS-UI.

Sayudi, A. (2016). Upaya Perlindungan Korban Tindak Pidana Perkosaan Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Indonesia. FIAT JUSTISIA: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 10(1).

Sitorus, O., & Minin, D. (2006). Cara Penyelesaian karya Ilmiah di Bidang Hukum: Ddasar Panduan menuntaskan Skripsi, Tesis, dan Disertasi, Cetakan Kedua, Edisi Revisi. Yogyakarta: PT. Mitra Kebijakan Tanah.

Syaufi, A., & Haiti, D. (2018). Policy of Criminal System Formulation Oriented to Rape Crime Victims. Sociological Jurisprudence Journal, 1(2), 103-112.

Wahid, A., & Irfan, M. (2001). Perlindungan Terhadap Korban Kekerasan Seksual: Advokasi Atas Hak Asasi Perempuan. Bandung: Refika Aditama.

Waluyo, B. (2011). Viktimologi Perlindungan Korban dan Saksi. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.


Laws and Regulations


Law Number 1 of 1946 concerning the Enforcement of the Criminal Code (KUHP) (Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1946 tentang Pemberlakuanya Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP).

Law Number 8 of 1981 concerning the Criminal Procedure Code of the State Gazette Number 76 of 1981, TLN No. 3209. (Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana Lembaran Negara Nomor 76 Tahun 1981, TLN No. 3209)

Law Number 7 of 1984 concerning Ratification of the Convention Regarding the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. (Undang-Undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1984 Tentang Pengesahan Konvensi Mengenai Penghapusan Segala Bentuk Diskriminasi Terhadap Wanita).

Law Number 35 of 2014 concerning amendments to Law Number 23 of 2002 concerning Child Protection (Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2014 tentang perubahan atas Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak).