Indonesia-China International Dispute on the Natuna Island Case: Various International Law Discourses and Practices in Regional Countries
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Jan 31, 2023
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Abstract
The Natuna Island case stands as a focal point in the complex web of international relations, particularly between Indonesia and China, in the South China Sea region. This study explores the various international law discourses and practices adopted by regional countries concerning this dispute. Indonesia's sovereign claims over the Natuna Islands clash with China's expansive territorial assertions, leading to diplomatic tensions and legal debates. In analyzing this dispute, this study delves into the multifaceted dimensions of international law invoked by both parties and observed by neighboring states. It examines the application of principles such as the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and customary international law concerning territorial sovereignty and maritime rights. Moreover, the study scrutinizes the strategies employed by Indonesia and China within international forums, including arbitration and diplomatic negotiations, to resolve their differences. It highlights the significance of multilateral cooperation and adherence to established legal frameworks in mitigating conflicts and maintaining regional stability. Furthermore, the study assesses the responses of other regional countries to the Natuna Island dispute, elucidating their stances on the applicability of international law and the preservation of their own interests amidst geopolitical tensions. These responses offer valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of maritime disputes and the role of international law in shaping regional security architectures.
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Chasanah, Anissaa Nuril, Ridwan Arifin, and Ngboawaji Daniel Nte. 2023. “Indonesia-China International Dispute on the Natuna Island Case: Various International Law Discourses and Practices in Regional Countries”. International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 2 (1), 75-108. https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v2i1.58390.
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Anggraini, Silvia Dian, Indra Kusumawardhana, and Iqbal Ramadhan. "The implication of Indonesia’s IUU fishing policy in Natuna territorial waters towards South China Sea geopolitics." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 7.2 (2019): 118-132.
Anggraini, Silvia Dian, Indra Kusumawardhana, and Iqbal Ramadhan. "The implication of Indonesia’s IUU fishing policy in Natuna territorial waters towards South China Sea geopolitics." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 7.2 (2019): 118-132.
Ardila, Ririn. "Sengketa Wilayah Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (Studi Kasus Klaim Cina Atas Laut Natuna Utara)." Uti Possidetis: Journal of International Law 1.3 (2020): 358-377.
Butcher, John G., and Robert Edward Elson. Sovereignty and the sea: How Indonesia became an archipelagic state. NUS Press, 2017.
Chapsos, Ioannis, and Steve Hamilton. "Illegal fishing and fisheries crime as a transnational organized crime in Indonesia." Trends in Organized Crime 22.3 (2019): 255-273.
Damastuti, Tiara Aji, et al. "Penyelesaian Sengketa Ilegal Fishing Di Wilayah Laut Natuna Antara Indonesia Dengan China." Jurnal Reformasi Hukum: Cogito Ergo Sum 1.2 (2018): 51-58.
Darusman, Yoyon Mulyana. "Pengaruh Konvensi Hukum Laut Internasional Tahun 1982 Terhadap Wilayah Laut Indonesia." Jurnal Cita Hukum 6.2 (2018): 343-360.
Dipua, Angkasa, et al. "An analysis of the South China Sea conflict: Indonesia’s perspectives, contexts and recommendations." PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 17.4 (2020): 976-990.
Dutton, Peter. "Three disputes and three objectives: China and the South China Sea." Naval War College Review 64.4 (2011): 42-67.
Fauzan, Fauzan, Kamarulnizam Abdullah, and Mohammad Zaki Ahmad. "Border security problems in the waters of the Natuna Islands: Between national boundaries and illegal fishing." AEGIS: Journal of International Relations 3.2 (2019).
Fauzan, Fauzan, Kamarulnizam Abdullah, and Mohammad Zaki Ahmad. "Border security problems in the waters of the Natuna Islands: Between national boundaries and illegal fishing." AEGIS: Journal of International Relations 3.2 (2019).
Fernandes, Inggrit, et al. "Status of Indonesia's sovereign rights in the north natuna sea conflict area consequences of China's nine-dash line claim." Linguistics and Culture Review 5.S3 (2021): 1775-1783.
Furtado, Xavier. "International law and the dispute over the spratly Islands: Whither UNCLOS?." Contemporary Southeast Asia (1999): 386-404.
Gao, Zhiguo, and Bing Bing Jia. "The nine-dash line in the South China Sea: History, status, and implications." American Journal of International Law 107.1 (2013): 98-123.
Guan, Ang Cheng. "The South China Sea Dispute Revisited." Australian Journal of International Affairs 54.2 (2000): 201-215.
Hong, Nong. UNCLOS and ocean dispute settlement: Law and politics in the South China Sea. Routledge, 2012.
Jinming, Li, and Li Dexia. "The dotted line on the Chinese map of the South China Sea: a note." Ocean Development & International Law 34.3-4 (2003): 287-295.
Johnson, Douglas. "Drawn into the fray: Indonesia's Natuna Islands meet China's long gaze South." Asian Affairs: An American Review 24.3 (1997): 153-161.
Kalembang, Joseph Victoryadi. "Analisis sengketa zona ekonomi ekslusif antara Indonesia dan RRT di kepulauan natuna." Journal of Politic and Government Studies 9.4 (2020): 1-14.
Kasim, Nurdin, and Aris Widagdo. "Combating illegal, unreported, unregulated (IUU) fishing in Indonesia." Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation 12.6 (2019): 2243-2251.
Keyuan, Zou. "Historic rights in international law and in China's practice." Ocean Development & International Law 32.2 (2001): 149-168.
Keyuan, Zou. "The Chinese Traditional Maritime Boundary Line in the South China Sea and Its Legal I Consequences for the Resolution of the Dispute over the Spratly Islands." The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 14.1 (1999): 27-55.
Kipgen, Nehginpao. "ASEAN and China in the South China Sea disputes." Asian Affairs 49.3 (2018): 433-448.
Kipgen, Nehginpao. "Indonesia: a reluctant participant in the South China Sea disputes." Strategic Analysis 45.2 (2021): 116-127.
Kurnia, Ida, and Imelda Martinelli. "Seeking and Evaluating The Regulations of Indonesia’s Exclusive Economic Zone." Mimbar Hukum-Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada 28.1 (2016): 123-137l.
Kurniaty, R., and P. A. Ruslijanto. "Analysis on traditional fishing grounds in Indonesias Natuna waters under International Law." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 137. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2018.
Laksmana, Evan A. "The enduring strategic trinity: explaining Indonesia's geopolitical architecture." Journal of the Indian Ocean Region 7.1 (2011): 95-116.
Latipulhayat, Atip. "Khazanah: Mochtar Kusumaatmadja." Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 1.3 (2014).
McDorman, Ted L. "Rights and jurisdiction over resources in the South China Sea: UNCLOS and the ‘nine-dash line’." The South China Sea Disputes and Law of the Sea. Edward Elgar Publishing, 2014. 144-163.
Napang, Marthen, et al. "Contesting views of the philippines and china over the nine-dash line in the south china sea." ASEAN International Law (2022): 405-414.
Narwastuty, Dian, Arman Tjoneng, and Novalita Sidabutar. "The International Law Of The Sea Border Dispute In Natuna Waters Concerning Sea Natural Resources In Water Border Based." Indonesian Law Journal 13.1 (2020): 45-60.
Nurhidayati, Nida. "Dari Deklarasi Djuanda ke Wawasan Nusantara: Peranan Mochtar Kusumaatmadja dalam Mencapai Kedaulatan Wilayah Laut Indonesia, 1957-1982." SUSURGALUR 9.1 (2021): 37-54.
Parameswaran, Prashanth. "Delicate Equilibrium: Indonesia’s Approach to the South China Sea." Power Politics in Asia’s Contested Waters: Territorial Disputes in the South China Sea (2016): 319-336.
Perwita, Anak Agung Banyu, and Ian Montratama, Pengelolaan Pertahanan Perbatasan Maritim Kepulauan Natuna. Jakad Media Publishing, 2021.
Peters, Anne. "International dispute settlement: a network of cooperational duties." European Journal of International Law 14.1 (2003): 1-34.
Pradana, Raden Florentinus Bagus Adhi. "Akibat Hukum Klaim Nine Dash Line Cina Terhadap Hak Berdaulat Indonesia di Perairan Kepulauan Natuna (Khususnya Kabupaten Natuna) Menurut Unclos 1982." Thesis. (Yogyakarta: UAJY, 2017).
Puspitawati, Dhiana. Hukum Laut Internasional. Kencana, 2017.
Putri, Hetria, and Wilmar Salim. "The Maritime Silk Road’s potential effects on outer island development: The Natuna Islands, Indonesia." Island Studies Journal 15.2 (2020): 155-172.
Ramli, Rani Purwanti, and Patrice Lumumba. "Sengketa Republik Indonesia–Republik Rakyat Tiongkok di Perairan Natuna." Hasanuddin Journal of International Affairs 1.1 (2021): 20-35.
Rasyid, Sulaiman. "Determination of the Jurisdiction of Fisheries Crimes as Transnational Organized Crimes." Unnes Law Journal 7.1 (2021): 167-188.
Republic of Indonesia. Law No. 5 of 1983 concerning Indonesia's Exclusive Economic Zone.
Riska, Ela. "Diplomasi Maritim Indonesia Terhadap Aktivitas Penangkapan Ikan Ilegal (Illegal Fishing) oleh Nelayan China di ZEE Perairan Kepulauan Natuna." Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan 3.2 (2017).
Risnain, Muhammad. "The Concept of the Archipelagic Province and Archipelagic State in the Perspective of National and International Law." Lampung Journal of International Law 3.2 (2021): 73-84.
Ruyat, Yayat. "Peran Indonesia dalam Menjaga Wilayah Laut Natuna dan Menyelesaikan Konflik Laut Tiongkok Selatan." Jurnal Lemhannas RI 5.1 (2017): 65-75.
Scott, Shirley V. "China’s nine-dash line, international law, and the Monroe Doctrine analogy." China information 30.3 (2016): 296-311.
Shicun, Wu, and Ren Huaifeng. "More Than a Declaration: A Commentary on the Background and the Significance of the Declaration on the Conduct of the Parties in the South China Sea." Chinese Journal of International Law 2.1 (2003): 311-319.
Siombo, Marhaeni Ria. Hukum Perikanan Nasional dan Internasional. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2013.
Spain, Anna. "International Dispute Resolution in an Era of Globalization." International Law in the New Age of Globalization. Brill Nijhoff, 2013. 41-70.
Storey, Ian James. "Creeping Assertiveness: China, the Philippines and the South China Sea Dispute." Contemporary Southeast Asia (1999): 95-118.
Tarigan, Muhammad Insan. "Implementation of countermeasures effort of illegal fishing in Indonesia (case study on sinking the FV Viking vessel)." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 3.1 (2018): 131-146.
Thao, Nguyen Hong. "The declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the south China sea: A Vietnamese Perspective, 2002–2007." Security and International Politics in the South China Sea. Routledge, 2008. 223-237.
Vinata, Ria Tri. "Konstruksi Archipelagic State Principle Dalam Pembangunan Hukum Laut Internasional." Jurnal Ilmiah Hukum DE'JURE: Kajian Ilmiah Hukum 4.2 (2019): 322-345.
Weatherbee, Donald E. Re-assessing Indonesia's Role in the South China Sea. ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute, 2016.
Wirajuda, N. Hassan. "UNCLOS 35 Years Later: We Are Still at Sea." The Marine Environment and United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 14. Brill Nijhoff, 2018. 10-15.