Analysis of ellagic acid response in Nephelium lappaceum peel extract in the obesity rat model

Abstract

 Naphelium lappaceum L or Rambutan in Indonesian, fruit peel has been identified as a potential source of polyphenolic compounds, including ellagic acid, geraniin, and corilagin. Ellagic acid has been reported to have strong antioxidant activity, inhibit adipogenesis, increase lipid oxidation, and reduce plasma lipid concentrations in obese animal models. This study aimed to analyze the response of ellagic acid contained in N. lappaceum peel extract on lipid profiles and liver histology in obese rat models.  Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into five groups: normal (P1), obese (P2), ellagic acid (P3), O-RPE (Obese rats treated with RPE) 15 mg/kgBW (P4), and O-RPE 30 mg/kgBW (P5). Treatment was administered for 30 days. The results showed that administration of ellagic acid and RPS (O-RPE) significantly improved metabolic parameters in obese rats. ANOVA analysis revealed lower LDL (p < 0.05), reduced triglycerides, and improved liver histology scores in treatment groups compared to the obese control, while other parameters showed favorable but non‑significant trends. In conclusion, ellagic acid in RPE demonstrates potential as a herbal anti-obesity agent by improving lipid profiles and liver tissue structure. This research highlights the innovative use of N. lappaceum peel as a source of bioactive compounds for obesity management, an area that remains underexplored. This research supports SDGs 3 (Good Health and Well‑being) by offering natural interventions for obesity, and SDGs 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production) by promoting sustainable use of agricultural waste.