Evolving Traditions: Mon Music and Acculturation in Central Thai Funeral Practices

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15294/paramita.v36i2.34611

Keywords:

funeral music, adaptation, acculturation, Thai-ness, Piphat Mon, Luk Thung

Abstract

Abstract:  Mon cultural influences, particularly in music, hold a significant historical presence in central Thailand. The Piphat Mon ensemble, which blends traditional Mon traits with Thai court and regional music styles, serves as the primary musical accompaniment in death rituals in central Thailand. This study examines the diachronic and synchronic evolution of Mon music within central Thai funeral practices, analyzing how historical migrations, state-led concepts of “Thai-ness,” and social stratification shaped its development. Employing a qualitative historical and ethnographic methodology, data were gathered through archival research at the National Library of Thailand, observational fieldwork at funeral ceremonies across provinces in central Thailand, and semi-structured interviews with musicians, ethnic Mon descendants, government officials, and Buddhist clergy. Findings reveal that while Piphat Mon historically acculturated into the Thai royal and elite spheres through instrument modifications such as tuning adjustments and the creation of the Kong Mon Wong Lek it has undergone a contemporary functional shift. Rather than serving strictly as a sacred companion for the deceased, contemporary Piphat Mon ensembles, through performing the traditional Pleng Mon or Pleng Thai Sumneang Mon repertoires, have increasingly incorporated Luk Thung (Thai country music). This integration shifts the musical soundscape from solemn lamentation to entertainment for funeral attendees. Ultimately, Piphat Mon demonstrates remarkable resilience, adapting to commercial pressures and modern audience expectations while maintaining its status as a cornerstone of Thai funeral music culture.

Abstrak: Pengaruh budaya Mon, khususnya dalam musik, memiliki kehadiran historis yang signifikan di Thailand tengah. Ansambel Piphat Mon, yang memadukan ciri khas Mon tradisional dengan gaya musik istana dan regional Thailand, berfungsi sebagai pengiring musik utama dalam ritual kematian di Thailand tengah. Penelitian ini mengkaji evolusi diakronik dan sinkronik musik Mon dalam praktik pemakaman Thailand tengah, dengan menganalisis bagaimana migrasi historis, konsep “kethailandan” (Thai-ness) yang dipelopori negara, dan stratifikasi sosial membentuk perkembangannya. Dengan metodologi historis dan etnografis kualitatif, data dikumpulkan melalui penelitian arsip di Perpustakaan Nasional Thailand, observasi lapangan pada upacara pemakaman di berbagai provinsi di Thailand tengah, serta wawancara semiterstruktur dengan para musisi, keturunan etnis Mon, pejabat pemerintah, dan pemuka agama Buddha. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa meskipun Piphat Mon secara historis berakulturasi ke dalam lingkungan kerajaan dan elite Thailand melalui modifikasi instrumen, seperti penyesuaian laras dan penciptaan Kong Mon Wong Lek, ansambel ini mengalami pergeseran fungsi pada masa kini. Alih-alih berfungsi semata-mata sebagai pendamping sakral bagi almarhum, ansambel Piphat Mon kontemporer, melalui pementasan repertoar tradisional Pleng Mon atau Pleng Thai Sumneang Mon, kian memasukkan Luk Thung (musik country Thailand). Integrasi ini menggeser lanskap bunyi dari ratapan yang khidmat menjadi hiburan bagi para pelayat. Pada akhirnya, Piphat Mon menunjukkan ketahanan yang luar biasa, beradaptasi dengan tekanan komersial dan ekspektasi khalayak modern sambil mempertahankan statusnya sebagai pilar budaya musik pemakaman Thailand.

Author Biographies

  • Chayuti Tassanawongwara, Khon Kaen University & Universiti Malaya

    Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya & Faculty of Fine and Applied Arts, Khon Kaen University, Thailand

  • Hanafi Hussin, Universiti Malaya

    Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia

  • Mala Rajo Sathian, Universiti Malaya

    Department of Southeast Asian Studies, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur. Malaysia

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Published

2026-10-24

Article ID

34611