Gambaran Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan Anak (Paternal Involvement) di Jabodetabek

Hasyim Asy’ari(1), Amarina Ariyanto(2),


(1) Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia
(2) Fakultas Psikologi, Universitas Indonesia

Abstract

Abstrak. Keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak (paternal involvement) merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam proses tumbuh kembang anak. Hasil penelitian oleh para ahli psikologi menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak yang ayahnya terlibat secara positif dalam pengasuhan, akan terlihat lebih cerdas secara moral dan emosi pada saat mereka tumbuh dewasa. Dikatakan oleh Sundari (2013) dalam sebuah prosiding seminar National Parenting di Indonesia, bahwa banyak anak-anak di Indonesia yang mengalami fatherlessatau tumbuh tanpa pendampingan seorang ayah. Lebih lanjut peneliti melakukan penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran tingkat keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak di Jabodetabek. Selain itu untuk mengetahui perbedaan keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan dilihat dari latar belakang pendidikan ayah dan usia anak (2-4 tahun dan 5-12 tahun). Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan responden penelitian sebanyak 229. Kriteria responden adalah ayah yang memiliki anak usia 2-12 tahun, tinggal dan menetap di Jabodetabek. Variabel pengukuran paternal involvement terdiri dari 6 dimensi hasil rekategorisasi peneliti terhadap beberapa dimensi teori paternal involvement. Ke 6 dimensi ini disebut dengan istilah dimensi Paternal CRITSM (communication, responsibility, interaction, teaching, social competence dan monitoring). Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji statsitik ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keterlibatan ayah dalam 6 dimensi pengasuhan anak diatas cenderung rendah, yaitu dari skala 1-5 diperoleh rata-rata 3,4. Sementara tingkat keterlibatan ayah dalam  pengasuhan berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan menunjukkan nilai signifikansi lebih dari 0,05 artinya tidak terdapat perbedaan. Hasil analisis tingkat keterlibatan ayah dalam pengasuhan anak pada ayah yang memiliki anak usia 2-4 tahun signifikan lebih tinggi yaitu (M=3.4, SD=0,350) dibandingkan dengan ayah yang memiliki anak usia 5-12 tahun yaitu (M=3.3, SD=0,206).

 

Kata Kunci:  anak, ayah, keterlibatan pengasuhan

 

Abstract. Paternal involvement is one of the important factors in the child development. Based on the results of research by psychologists showed that children whose fathers are positively involved in parenting, the children will  have moral and emotional intelligence.  Sundari (2013) said in a National Parenting seminar proceeding in Indonesia, that many children in Indonesia are fatherless or grow up without  father involvement. The goal of this study is to understand and describe paternal involvement. Also to examine the difference of paternal involvement from the role of father's education background and difference of paternal  involvement for father who have children aged 2-4 years old and fathers who have children aged 5-12 years old. The method used in this research is quantitative approach with sample size of 229 respondents. The criterion of respondents are father, having children age 2-12 years old and lives in Jabodetabek. The measurement paternal involvement by questionnaire that is contructed  based on some of paternal involvement’s theories and  the variable measurement is called CRITISM that consists of 6 dimensions namely communication, responsibility, interaction, teaching, social competence and monitoring. Data analysis is conducted using ANOVA showed that the level of paternal involvement is low tendency, ie from a scale of 1-5 having an average mean of 3,4. There is no difference of paternal involvement beetween low and high education father’s background, this is indicated by the number of significance ≥ 0.05. Meanwhile the results of the analysis of the level of paternal involvement for fathers who have children aged 2-4 years old are higher (M=3.4, SD=0,350)  compared to fathers who have children aged 5-12 years old (M=3.3, SD=0,206).

 

Keyword : children, father, paternal involvement

Keywords

children, father, paternal involvement

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