Kajian Kualitatif Kemelimpahan Spesies Burung di Hutan Pegunungan Telaga Bodas, Garut, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melengkapi list spesies burung-burung penetap di hutan pegunungan Jawa Barat dan mengkaji secara kualitatif kemelimpahan dari keragamannya di salah satu hulu DAS Citandui, yaitu di hutan Telaga Bodas, Garut, Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian menggunakan TSCs (Time Score Counts), yang dilakukan pada 25-29 April 2014. Sebanyak 51 spesies burung ditemukan di hutan Telaga Bodas. Diantaranya, sepuluh spesies memiliki rata-rata skor kemelimpahan tinggi, yaitu: Collocalia linchi (5.82), Halcyon cyanoventris (4), Pycnonotus aurigaster (3.73), Cacomantis merulinus (3.27), Zosterops palpebrosus (2.91), Orthotomus sutorius (2.82), Tesia superciliaris (2.63), Pycnonotus goiavier (2.55), Lanius schach (2.45) dan Lonchura leucogastroides (2.27). Hasil komparasi indeks kesamaan spesies burung di beberapa DAS Citandui menunjukkan nilai tertinggi terjadi antara komunitas burung di Telaga Bodas vs G. Sawal, yaitu IS=62.3%. Sementara itu, indeks kesamaan spesies burung di G. Telaga Bodas vs G. Geder terendah, yaitu IS=39.25%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan lahan hutan di wilayah hulu DAS Citandui sangat kaya dengan spesies burung, 35 dari 108 spesies burung hanya tersebar terbatas, endemik dan migran di hutan pegunungan Jawa Barat. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan kawasan hutan pegunungan di Jawa Barat diperlukan langkah bijak pemerintah untuk mencegah perambahan dan alih fungsi  hutan menjadi lahan produksi oleh masyarakat, apabila tidak ingin kehilangan fungsinya.

The purpose of this research was to compile the list of the resident bird species in the West Java mountain forests and to examine the abundance of their diversities qualitatively in the one of Citandui Riverine Basin, i.e. the Mts.Telaga Bodas forest, Garut, West Java Province. TSCs (Time Score Counts) method was used to record the bird’s abundance during 25 to 29 April, 2014. At least, 51 species of birds were recorded in the Telaga Bodas forests. There were 10 species of birds found more abundant qualitatively, namely: Collocalia linchi (5.82), Halcyon cyanoventris (4), Pycnonotus aurigaster (3.73), Cacomantis merulinus (3.27), Zosterops palpebrosus (2.91), Orthotomus sutorius (2.82), Tesia superciliaris (2.63), Pycnonotus goiavier (2.55), Lanius schach (2.45) andLonchura leucogastroides (2.27). According to the result of similarities index comparation, of birds species (SI), itknown that birds comunities in the Mt.Telaga Bodas vs Mt.Sawal were highest, i.e.. SI=62.3%, and then between Mt.Telaga Bodas vs G.Geder were lowest, i.e.SI=39.25%. The results also showed that the coverage forests in the above of Citandui Riverine Basin were still rich species of birds, and 35 of 108 list species of birds were restricted, endemic and migratory species in the West Java mountain forests. Therefore, a proper management of the West Java mountain forests is needed to prevents encroachment and conversion of forest to production by people, if the government doesn’t want to lose its function.