Analisis Risiko Pajanan Pestisida Terhadap Kesehatan Petani

Maria G. Catur Yuantari(1), Budi Widianarko(2), Henna Rya Sunoko(3),


(1) Program Doktor Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro Fakultas Kesehatan Universitas Dian Nuswantoro
(2) Program Doktor Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro Program Pascasarjana Lingkungan dan Perkotaan Universitas Soegijapranata
(3) Program Doktor Ilmu Lingkungan Universitas Diponegoro

Abstract

Petani dalam mengolah lahan membutuhkan pestisida untuk memberantas hama dan gulma. Namun di sisi lain pestisida dapat membahayakan kesehatan diri petani, konsumen, organisme non target serta lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui alur pajanan pestisida yang dapat masuk ke tubuh petani berbasis analisis risiko. Metode penelitian dengan exploratory research  dengan desain penelitian cross Sectional. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara pada 54 petani. Pajanan pestisida dapat masuk ke dalam tubuh petani melalui kulit, pernapasan dan pencernaan. Petani dapat terpajan pestisida pada waktu membawa, menyimpan, memindahkan konsentrat, mencampur, menyemprot serta membersihkan alat semprot yang telah digunakan. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan RQ (Risk Quotient) 54 petani mendapatkan nilai lebih dari 1, yang berarti lebih dari batas aman yang diperkenan. 40,7% petani menggunakan bahan aktif dalam sekali pencampuran lebih dari 10 jenis serta 51,9% petani melakukan penyemprotan menghabiskan 6-10 tangki dalam sehari. Semakin besar peluang pajanan pestisida dapat meningkatkan tingginya kejadian  keracunan kronis pada petani. Analisis risiko dapat memberikan gambaran  pajanan pestisida dalam tubuh petani, melalui tahapan identifikasi bahaya, dosis response, penentuan pajanan serta penetapan karakteristik risiko. Petani harus menggunakan pestisida dengan benar dan bijak dengan membaca label kemasan, penyemprotan pada waktu yang tetap dan penggunaan alat pelindung diri untuk menjaga keselamatan di tempat kerja. 

 

Farmers cultivate agricultural land require pesticides to eradicate pests and weeds. But on the other hand, pesticide may be risking their own health, consumers, non-target organisms and the environment. The aim of this study to determine the flow of pesticide exposure that can enter the body of farmers based on risk analysis. The method uses an exploratory research with a cross sectional study design. The data collection had been done by observation and interviews with 54 farmers. Farmers exposed to pesticides through dermal, respiratory, and digestion. Farmers may be exposed to pesticides in agricultural land at the time of carrying, storing, transferring the concentrate, mixing, spraying and cleaning spray equipment that has been used. Based on the calculation of the value of RQ (Risk Quotient) 54 farmers obtain the results of more than 1, which means the excess of allowable safe limit. 40.7% of farmers use the active ingredient in a single mixing more than 10 types of active ingredient and 51.9% of farmers are spraying spend 6-10 tank in a day. The greater the chance of exposure to pesticides may increase the high incidence of chronic poisoning in farmers. Risk analysis can provide an overview of pesticide exposure in the body of farmers, through the stages of hazard identification, dose response, exposure determination and the determination of risk characteristics. Farmers should use pesticides properly and wisely by reading  the instructions on the packaging label, spraying at a fixed time and the use of personal protective equipment to maintain safety at work.

Keywords

Farmer; Pesticide; Health; Risk Analysis.

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