Quo Vadis Protection of The Basic Rights of Indonesian Workers: Highlighting The Omnibus Legislation and Job Creation Law

Nyoman Mas Aryani(1), Ayu Putu Laksmi Danyathi(2), Bagus Hermanto(3),


(1) Department of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
(2) Department of Basic Jurisprudence, Faculty of Law, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia
(3) Department of Constitutional Law, Faculty of Law, Udayana University, Bali, Indonesia

Abstract

This article focused on the dynamics following the enactment of the Law on Job Creation. Pros and cons were raised publicly, with proponents arguing that the Omnibus Legislation method could be used to propose leaps and further forward steps for national economic acceleration with more effective and efficient investment and the creation of new job fields in Indonesia. However, the opposition argued that this law, enacted using the Omnibus Legislation method, was not prepared and did not involve workers or worker unions in the lawmaking process prior to its enactment. Furthermore, this law has crucial and controversial provisions that weaken workers’ rights fulfillment compared to the previous arrangement. This condition is the primary issue that created a chasm between workers with their rights and their employers, and it is the basis for further analysis of legal norms in the entirety of the Law on Manpower and the Law on Job Creation. With the use of a normative legal research method supported by a statutory law approach and a legal conceptual approach, as well as a legal material searching method and argumentative analysis, legal research is conducted. This article discovers and proposes fundamental principles, concept formulation, and concept proof comprehensively regarding Employment Law policy dynamics in Indonesia and pursues basic rights of workers protection after enactment of the Omnibus Law on Job Creation to ensure the realization of worker rights protection including industrial relations problem, and certainty guarantee that Employer must fulfill.

Keywords

Keywords: legal policy; workers rights; omnibus legislation; job creation law

Full Text:

PDF

References

A. Saifullah, 2020, Labor Movement Responses to the Indonesian Omnibus Law, Research Paper for MA, The Hague, the International Institute of Social Studies.

Abdil Mughis Mudhoffir & Rafiqa Qurrata A’yun, 2021, Doing business under the framework of disorder: illiberal legalism in Indonesia, Third World Quarterly, Volume 42, Issue 11, 2651-2668, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2021.1967738.

Abdul Khakim, Dasar-dasar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia, Bandung: Citra Aditya Bakti, 2014.

Abdullah Sulaiman and Andi Walli, Hukum Ketenagakerjaan/Perburuhan, First Edition, (Jakarta: YPPSDM, 2019).

Achmad Irwan Hamzani, and Mukhidin, M., 2015, National Law Development as Implementaion of Pancasila Law Ideals and Social Change Demands, Jurnal Dinamika Hukum, Volume 18, Nomor 2, 131-138, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2018.18.2.898.

Agustiyanti. “Jokowi Sebut 42 Ribu Aturan Hambat RI Ikuti Perubahan Global.” cnnindonesia.com URL: https://www.cnnindonesia.com/ekonomi/20171024125609-92-250596/jokowi-sebut-42-ribuaturan-hambat-ri-ikuti-perubahan-global, (accessed on March 4, 2020).

Agnes Fitryantica, 2019,"Harmonisasi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan Indonesia melalui Konsep Omnibus Law," Gema Keadilan, Volume 6, Nomor 3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/gk.6.3.300-316, 300-316.

Ahmad Hunaeni Zulkarnaen, 2020, Hukum Pengupahan Undang-undang Cipta Kerja (UUCK) dan Keinginan semua Pihak dalam Hubungan Industrial, JHMJ (Jurnal Hukum Mimbar Justitia), Volume 6, Nomor 2, 102-128, DOI: https://doi.org/10.35194/jhmj.v6i2.1177

Amengual, Matthew, and Laura Chirot. 2016, Reinforcing the state: Transnational and state labor regulation in Indonesia, ILR review, Volume 69, Issue 5, 1056-1080, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0019793916654927.

Andri Saubani, “UU Cipta Kerja Mengulang Catatan Buruk Proses Legislasi”, republika.co.id, URL: https://www.republika.co.id/berita/qhrwsw409/uu-cipta-kerja-mengulang-catatan-buruk-proses-legislasi, (accessed on July 10, 2021).

Arifuddin Muda Harahap, Pengantar Hukum Ketenagakerjaan, Batu: Literasi Nusantara, 2020.

Legislation Body of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, 2020, “Academic Paper of the Draft Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation”, dpr.go.id, URL: https://uu-ciptakerja.go.id/naskah-akademis-ruu-tentang-cipta-kerja/, (accessed on March 11, 2021).

Bagus Hermanto, Nyoman Mas Aryani, & Ni Luh Gede Astariyani, 2020, Penegasan Kedudukan Penjelasan Suatu Undang-Undang: Tafsir Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi, Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 17 (3), 251-268.

Bayu Dwi Anggono, 2020,”Omnibus Law sebagai Teknik Pembentukan Undang-undang: Peluang Adopsi dan Tantangannya dalam Sistem Perundang-undangan Indonesia”, Jurnal Rechtsvinding, Volume 9, Number 1, April, 17-37.

Bayu Dwi Anggono, Khairul Fahmi, Oce Madril, and Jimmy Z. Usfunan, (2021). BPJS Ketenagakerjaan: Aspek Politik Hukum, Kelembagaan, dan Kepesertaan, First Edition, Jakarta: RajaGrafindo Persada.

Budi Santoso, 2018. The Obstacles of Labor Inspection in Protecting Workers’ Rights in Indonesia, Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, Volume IX, Fall, Issue 5(35): 1765 – 1770. DOI: 10.14505/jarle.v9.5(35).31.

Daniel Greenberg, 2021. Comparative Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Omnibus Legislation, Statute Law Review, Volume 42, Issue 3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmab023, 410–411.

House of Representative of Republic of Indonesia, 2020, Risalah RDPU dengan PSHK dan PUSAKO Univ. Andalas dalam Rangka Penyusunan Prolegnas Tahun 2020-2024 dan Prolegnas Prioritas Tahun 2020 berkaitan dengan Omnibus Law, Session Year 2018-2019 Session Period I, on Monday, November 4, 2019.

Dora Kusumastuti, 2016,”Developing Subsidized Mortgage Agreement Based on the Justice Values of Pancasila (Indonesian State Philosophy), Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, Volume VII Winter, Issue 8(22), 2079-2085, DOI: 10.14505/jarle.v7.8(22).19.

E. Carbonara dan F. Farisi, 2007, The Paradox of Legal Harmonization, Public Choice, 132(3-4), 367-369.

Fais Yonas Bo’a, 2018,”Pancasila sebagai Sumber Hukum dalam Sistem Hukum Nasional”, Jurnal Konstitusi, Volume 15, Number 1, (March): 27-49, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1512.

Ferry Irawan Febriansyah, 2016, Konsep pembentukan peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia, Perspektif: Kajian Masalah Hukum dan Pembangunan, Volume 21, Number 3, 220-229, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v21i3.586.

Firman Adi Candra, 2021, Kritisi Omnibus Law dalam Perspektif Toleran dalam Khilafiyah, Jurnal Res Justitia : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Volume 1, Number 1, DOI: https://doi.org/10.46306/rj.v1i1.6, 70-113.

G. Davidov, and B. Langille, The idea of labour law, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Gede Marhaendra Wija Atmaja, Ni Luh Gede Astariyani, Nyoman Mas Aryani, & Bagus Hermanto, Hukum Kebijakan Publik (Denpasar: Swasta Nulus, 2022).

Gunawan Widjaja, 2021. “Indonesia’s Omnibus Law in the International Context: Review of Legal and Human Rights Publication Journals”. Linguistics and Culture Review , Volume 6, Issue S3, DOI: https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v6nS3.2005, 64-76.

Hermanto, B. & Aryani, N.M. (2022). Omnibus Legislation as the Tool for Legislative Reform by Developing Countries, Theory and Practice of Legislation, 9(3), 425-450, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/20508840.2022.2027162.

Hikmahanto Juwana, Arah Kebijakan Pembangunan Hukum di Bidang Perekonomian dan Investasi, the paper was presented at the Seminar on the Direction of Legal Development according to the 1945 Constitution Amendment Results, (Jakarta: National Legal Development Agency – Ministry of Law and Human Rights of the Republic of Indonesia, 29-31 May 2006).

Hollyness N. Singadimedja, 2020. Resensi Buku : Hukum Ketenagakerjaan: Hakikat Cita Keadilan dalam Sistem Ketenagakerjaan. Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum , Volume 4, Issue 2, 369-379, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23920/jbmh.v4i2.419.

I Dewa Made Suartha, Hervina Puspitosari, & B Hermanto, Reconstruction Communal Rights Registration in Encouraging Indonesia Environmental Protection, International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29 (3s), 1277-1293 (2020).

I Dewa Made Suartha, I Dewa Agung Gede Mahardika Martha, & Bagus Hermanto, 2021, Innovation based on Balinese Local Genius shifting Alternative Legal Concept: Towards Indonesia Development Acceleration, Journal of Legal, Ethical, and Regulatory Issues, 24 (7), 1-9.

I Gede Yusa, Bagus Hermanto, and Nyoman Mas Aryani, 2020, No-Spouse Employment and the Problem of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia, Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics, Volume 11, Issue 1(47), Spring, 214-226, DOI: https://doi.org/10.14505/jarle.v11.1(47).26.

Ima Mayasari, 2020,”Kebijakan Reformasi Regulasi melalui Implementasi Omnibus Law di Indonesia”, Jurnal Rechtsvinding, Volume 9, Number 1, April, 1-15.

Irene Istiningsih Hadiprayitno, 2010, Defensive Enforcement: Human Rights in Indonesia, Human Rights Review, 11(3), 373-399, DOI: 10.1007/s12142-009-0143-1.

Jensen, C., Wenzelburger, G. & Zohlnhöfer, R. (2019). Dismantling the Welfare State? After Twenty-five years: What have we learned and what should we learn?, Journal of European Social Policy, Volume 29, Issue 5, 681-691, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0958928719877363.

Karen Petroski, 2013. Legal Fictions and the Limits of Legal Language. International Journal of Law in Context, 9(4), 485-505. DOI: 10.1017/S1744552313000268.

M. Graziadei, 2009, Legal Transplants and the Frontiers of Legal Knowledge, Theoretical Inquiries in Law, 10(2), 723-734.

M. Junaidi dan A.H. Nuswantoro, 2020, Omnibus Law Reformulation in the Establishment of Regulations, International Journal of Innovation, Creativity, and Change, 14(8) 470-477.

Nadirsyah Hosen, 2007, Human Rights Provisions in the Second Amendment to the Indonesian Constitution from Shari’ah Perspective, The Muslim World, Volume 97, Issue 2, 200-224.

Nafay Choudhury, 2017, Revisiting Critical Legal Pluralism: Normative Contestations in the Afghan Courtroom. Asian Journal of Law and Society, Volume 4, Issue 1, 229-255, DOI: 10.1017/als.2017.2.

Nurrahman Aji Utomo, 2016,”Mengurai Kerangka Legislasi sebagai Instrumen Perwujudan Hak Asasi Manusia”, Jurnal Konstitusi, Volume 13, Number 4, December, 886-910, DOI: https://doi.org/10.31078/jk13410.

Nyoman Mas Aryani & Bagus Hermanto, 2018, Gagasan Pengaturan yang Ideal Penyelesaian Yudisial maupun Ekstrayudisial Pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia, Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, 15 (4), 369-383.

Nyoman Mas Aryani, Ayu Putu Laksmi Danyathi, & Bagus Hermanto, 2022. Legal Policy Dynamics of the Foreign Workers in Indonesia: Should it be justified?. Kertha Patrika, 44(1), 1-25. doi:10.24843/KP.2022.v44.i01.p.01

Presidential Regulation Number 18 year 2020 concerning the 2020-2024 National Mid-Term Development Plan.

Popelier, P. (2021). The Practice of Omnibus Laws in Belgium: An Empirical Test. In: Bar-Siman-Tov, I. (eds) Comparative Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Omnibus Legislation. Legisprudence Library, vol 8. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72748-2_12, 283-313.

Center for Indonesian Law and Policy Studies,”Pengesahan UU Cipta Kerja: Legislasi Tanpa Ruang Demokrasi.” pshk.or.id, URL: https://pshk.or.id/publikasi/pengesahan-uu-cipta-kerja-legislasi-tanpa-ruang-demokrasi/, (accessed on July 10, 2021).

Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 concerning Formal Examination of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation against the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, November 25 2021.

Rizky Argama, Pelanggaran Prosedur Dapat Membuat UU Cipta Kerja Batal, pshk.or.id, PSHK https://pshk.or.id/blog-id/pelanggaran-prosedur-dapat-membuat-uu-cipta-kerja-batal/, (accessed on March 4, 2020).

Robert Alexy, 2013, Some reflections on the ideal dimension of law and on the legal philosophy of John Finnis, The American Journal of Jurisprudence, Volume 58, Issue 2, 97-110, DOI:10.1093/ajj/aut009, pp. 103-104.

Sigit Riyanto, et.al., Catatan Kritis Terhadap UU No 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja, (Yogyakarta: Faculty of Law, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 2020).

Sirajuddin, Fatkhurrohman, dan Zulkarnaen, Legislative Drafting Pelembagaan Metode Partisipatif dalam Pembentukan Peraturan Perundang-undangan, Malang: Setara Press, 2015.

Sitti Mawar, 2020, Metode Penemuan Hukum (Interpretasi dan Konstruksi) dalam Rangka Harmonisasi Hukum, Jurnal Justisia: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Perundang-undangan dan Pranata Sosial, Volume 1, Number1, 22-38, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/justisia.v1i1.2558.

Suharso Monoarfa, 2020,”Perubahan Undang-undang Bidang Tata Ruang, Lingkungan Hidup dan RUU Ibukota Baru”, delivered at the Hearing Meeting of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia with the Ministry of Agrarian Affairs/National Land Agency and the Ministry of National Development Planning on 19 February.

Tania Murray Li, 2017, The Price of Un/Freedom: Indonesia’s Colonial and Contemporary Plantation Labor Regimes, Comparative Studies in Society and History, 59(2), 245-276, DOI: 10.1017/S0010417517000044.

Teguh Prasetyo, 2014,”Membangun Hukum Nasional berdasarkan Pancasila”, Jurnal Hukum dan Peradilan, Volume 3, Number 3 (November): 213-222, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25216/jhp.3.3.2014.213-222.

Teri L. Caraway, 2009, Labor Rights in East Asia: Progress or Regress?, Journal of East Asian Studies, Volume 9, Issue 2, 153-186, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1598240800002976.

Tonia Warnecke and Alex de Ruyter, 2012, The Enforcement of Decent Work in India and Indonesia: Developing Sustainable Institutions, Journal of Economic Issues, Volume XLVI, Issue 2, June, 393-401, DOI 10.2753/JEI0021-3624460214.

Tsarina Maharani, dan Icha Rastika, “PSHK: Proses Pembentukan UU Cipta Kerja Abaikan Ruang Demokrasi.” pshk.or.id, URL: https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2020/10/06/12450231/pshk-proses-pembentukan-uu-cipta-kerja-abaikan-ruang-demokrasi?page=all, (accessed on July 10, 2021).

Ujang Charda, 2016. Reformasi Politik Hukum Ketenagakerjaan dalam Kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia. Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika Volume 31, Number 2 , 121-153, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.25072/jwy.v31i2.79.

Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia.

Law Number 13 year 2003 concerning Manpower.

Law Number 11 year 2020 concerning Job Creation.

United Nations, Human Rights: A Compilation of International Instruments, Vol. I (Second Part) Universal Instruments, New York: OHCHR, 2002.

Wahyu Nugroho, 2013, Menyusun Undang-undang yang Responsif dan Partisipatif berdasarkan Cita Hukum Pancasila, Jurnal Legislasi Indonesia, Volume 10, Number 3, 209-218.

Wayne Palmer, and Antje Missbach, Enforcing labour rights of irregular migrants in Indonesia, Third World Quarterly, 40, Iss. 5, (2019), 908-925, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2018.1522586.

Wibisana, A.G. (2019). Menulis di Jurnal Hukum: Gagasan, Struktur, dan Gaya, Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan, 49(2), 471-496.

Widiatedja, I.G.N.P. (2021). Fragmented Approach to Spatial Management in Indonesia: When it Will Be Ended?, Kertha Patrika, 43(2), 145-166, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/KP.2021.v43.i02.p03.

Widiatedja, I Gusti N.P. and Suyatna, I.N. Job Creation Law and Foreign Direct Investment in Tourism in Indonesia: Is It Better than Before?, Udayana Journal of Law and Culture, 6(1), 62-82, DOI: https://doi.org/10.24843/UJLC.2022.v06.i01.p04 (2022).

Yusa, I Gede, Hermanto, Bagus, and Ardani, Ni Ketut (2021). Law Reform as the Part of National Resilience: Discovering Hindu and Pancasila Values in Indonesia’s Legal Development Plan, International Proceedings of the International Conference for Democracy and National Resilience (ICDNR 2021): Advanced in Social Science, Education, and Humanities Research, 620(1), 1-10, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211221.001.

Zamboni, M. (2021). (Absence of) Omnibus Legislation in Sweden: When Legislative Drafting Affects the Political Discourse. In: Bar-Siman-Tov, I. (eds) Comparative Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Omnibus Legislation. Legisprudence Library, vol 8. Springer, Cham., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72748-2_13, 315-333.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.