MINYAK ATSIRI DARI KAMBOJA KUNING, PUTIH, DAN MERAH DARI EKSTRAKSI DENGAN N-HEKSANA
Abstract
Bunga kamboja merupakan jenis bunga yang banyak ditanam dan dapat tumbuh dengan baik serta merupakan bunga yang beraroma yang mempunyai nilai guna tinggi untuk diproduksi minyak atsirinya, yaitu minyak yang mudah menguap dan mengeluarkan aroma khas. Minyak atsiri ini mengandung lebih dari 30 jenis senyawa kimia, beberapa diantaranya merupakan senyawa-senyawa kimia yang sangat berharga, yang termasuk dalam golongan senyawa sesquiterpen, alkohol, alkana, resin, dan wax/parafin. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi minyak atsiri kamboja dengan 3 variasi jenis bunga, yaitu kamboja merah, kuning, dan putih. Metode ekstraksi yang dipilih menggunakan ekstraksi dengan n-heksana. Minyak kamboja diperoleh dengan menguapkan hasil ekstrak pada titik didih n-heksana sampai tidak didapatkan lagi embunan, dilanjutkan dengan analisis rendemen minyak. Sementara itu, analisis jenis komponen minyak atsiri kamboja menggunakan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Kadar minyak atsiri hasil ekstraksi dengan pelarut n-heksana dari masing-ma-sing jenis bunga kamboja berbeda, dari kamboja kuning (4,457%), kamboja putih (2,908%), dan dari kamboja merah (2,763%). Hasil analisis GC-MS juga menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing minyak atsiri kamboja memiliki komponen kimia yang berbeda-beda. Senyawa kimia golongan alkohol diantaranya geraniol (2,64%), farnesol (8,61%), dan oktadekanol (3,87%), masing-masing dalam kamboja kuning, putih, dan merah. Adapun senyawa golongan alkana diantaranya oktadekana sebesar 21,24% (kamboja kuning), nonadekana (7,54% pada kamboja putih), dan 7,84% pada kamboja merah.
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Frangipani is a type of flower which is widely grown and have a nice scent, this flower  have a high value in order to produce essential oils. This essential oil contains more than 30 different types of chemical compound; some of them are chemical compounds that are very valuable, which is included in the sesquiterpen compounds, alcohols, alcane, wax/resin, and paraffin. In this research, the extraction of the Frangipani oil was conducted using three different flowers, i.e. the red, yellow, and white frangipani. The chosen extraction method was the extraction using n-hexane. The Frangipani oil was obtained by vaporizing the extraction results on the boiling point of n-hexane until there was no condensate left, and then continued with the analysis of the yield  of the oil. The analysis of the component of the frangipani’s essential oils was conducted using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GC-MS). The concentration of the essential oils as the result of the extraction using n-hexane solvent from each different type of frangipani was different, i.e. from the yellow frangipani (4,457%), white frangipani (2,908%), and from the red frangipani (2,736%). The results of the GC-MS analysis also showed that each frangipani oil has its own chemical component. The chemical substance from the group of alcohol such as geraniol (2,64%), farnesol (8,61%), and octadenol (3,87%) each found in the yellow, white and red frangipani. The alcane group found in the oil samples such as octadecane (21,24%) on yellow frangipani, nonadecane (7,54%) on white frangipani, and 7,84% on red frangipani.
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