Women’s Control Over Economic Resources Effect to Family Welfare
(1) Economics and Business Faculty, Udayana University
(2) Economics and Business Faculty, Udayana University
(3) Economics and Business Faculty, Udayana University
Abstract
Within the framework of neo-classical analysis, each individual is assumed homogeneous. However, homogeneity assumption becomes incompatible when discussing human behavior. Latest literatures conclude that men and women allocated resources under their control in different ways systematically. This study was intended to see whether there is an increase in the household’s welfare if the head of household is a women and granted credit access to financial institutions. Women’s access to all financial services, is essential to allow them to benefit fully from economic opportunities. The data used came from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) for two last waves (IFLS 2007 and 2014). Analyses were performed using fixed effect model to overcome the unobserved heterogeneity, especially in terms of the individual character. The results indicated that the credit received by the female head of households can significantly increase household income. These results support the policy of increasing women empowerment in order to improve family welfare.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alderman, Harold et al. (1995). Unitary versus Collective Models of the Household: Is It Time to Shift the Burden of Proof?. The World Bank Research Observer, 10 (1),1-19
Becker, Gary. (1974). A Theory of Social Interactions. Econometrica, 82 (X), 1063–1093.
Buttenheim, Alison. (2006). Microfinance Programs and Contraceptive Use: Evidence from Indonesia. California Center for Population Research On-Line Working Paper Series
Crépon, Bruno, Florencia Devoto, Esther Duflo and William Parienté. (2011). Impact of microcredit in rural areas of Morocco: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation. Unpublished Working Paper
Demirguc-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer. (2017). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: A Review of Recent Empirical Evidence. Policy Research Working Paper No. 8040. World Bank, Washington, DC.
Demirguc-Kunt, Asli, Leora Klapper, Dorothe Singer, and Peter Van Oudheusden. (2015). The Global Findex Database 2014 Measuring Financial Inclusion around the World. Policy Research Working Paper No. 7255. World Bank, Washington, DC.
Ejrnaes M and C. Pörtner. (2004). Birth Order and the Intrahousehold Allocation of Time and Education. Review of Economics and Statistics, 86,1008-1019
Fuwa, Nobuhiko et al. (2006). Introduction to A Study of Intrahousehold Resource Allocation and Gender Discrimination in Rural Andhra Pradesh, India. The Developing Economies, 44 (4)
Hazarika, Gautam and Sarangi, Sudipta. (2005). Household Access to Microcredit and Child Work in Rural Malawi. IZA DP No. 1567
Khanker, Shahidur R. (2005). Microfinance and Proverty: Evidence Using Panel Data from Bangladesh. The World Bank Economic Review, 19(2),263-286
Mandiri Institute. (2015). Financial Inclusion in Indonesia. Policy Paper on Financial Inclusion
Norwood, Carolette. (2014). Women's Empowerment and Microcredit: A Case Study from Rural Ghana. J Int Stud Dev, 4, 1–22
Pitt, M.M and Shahidur R. Khanker. (1998). The Impact of Group-Based Credit Programs on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of Participants Matter?. Journal of Political Economy, 106(5), 958-996
Prawihatmi, Chatarina Yekti. (2018). Acceleration of Poor Women Capability in Increasing Income Through Self-Help Group. Jejak, 11 (1), 123-137
Quisumbing, Agnes R. and John A. Maluccio. (1999). Intrahousehold Allocation and Gender Relations: New Empirical Evidence. The World Bank, Development Research Group, Working Paper Series, No. 2 Policy Research Report on Gender and Development
Sanjaya, I. M., & Nursechafia. (2016). Financial Inclusion and Inclusive Growth: Cross-Province Analysis in Indonesia). Bulletin of Monetary and Banking Economics, 18(3), 281-306.
Sutton, C.N., Jenkins, B., n.d. The Role of the Financial Services Sector in Expanding Economic Opportunity 48.
Steele, Fiona. Sajeda Amin, and Ruchira T. Naved. (1998). The impact of an Integrated Micro-Credit Programme on Women’s Empowerment and Fertility Behavior in Rural Bangladesh. Population Council Working Papers No. 115, 1-43.
Setyari, Ni Putu Wiwin. (2012). Micro Credit Impact Evaluation to the Household Welfare in Indonesia: Panel Data Analysis. Applied Economic and Quantitative Journal, 5(2), 79 - 150
Smith, Lisa C., Usha Ramakrishnan, Aida Ndiaye, Lawrence Haddad, and Reynaldo Martorell. (2002). The Importance of Women’s Status for Child Nutrition in Developing Countries. Research Report 131. International Food Policy Researcb Institute
Thomas, Duncan. (1994). Like Father, Like Son; Like Mother, Llike Daughter: Parental Resources and Child Height. The Journal of Human Resources, 29 (4), 950-988
Thomas, Duncan; Contreras, Dante; Frankenberg, Elizabeth. (1999). Distribution of Power Within the Household and Child Health. Unpublised manuscript, download at www. rand.org
United Nations. (2009). World Survey on the Role of Women in Development: Women’s Control over Economic Resources and Access to Financial Resources, including Microfinance. United Nations. New York.
World Bank. (2010). Improving Access to Financial Services in Indonesia. Washington, DC.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.