Economic Liberalization Impact, Fiscal Conditions, and Tax Ratio to Welfare

Johadi Johadi(1), Kresno Sarosa Pribadi(2), Ahmad Daerobi(3), Nunung Sri Mulyani(4),

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/jejak.v12i1.18554


(1) Faculty of Economics and Business, Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Economics and Business, Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Economics and Business, Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia
(4) Faculty of Economics and Business, Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia

Abstract

Global economy has currently integrated and has been interdependent between the developing and developed countries. The improved integration and interdependence level is expected to improve citizens’ welfare. This study aims at testing the correlation between fiscal and trade policies and welfare in ASEAN countries + 3 countries (Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Philippines, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar, Laos + Japan, China, and Korea). It used the secondary data from World Bank, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Economist Intelligence Unit from 1990 to 2015. The analysis uses the POLS-ECM (Panel Ordinary Least Square-Eagle Granger Error Correction Model). The results of analysis show that economic growth, infrastructure capital expenditure, economic openness, and tax ratio had a significant effect on welfare ASEAN + 3 countries

Keywords

Economic liberalization, Fiscal Condition, Tax ratio, Budget Spillover, Welfare.

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