Peer Feedback Technique in Improving the Students’ Writing Ability of The First Grade Students in SMA Negeri Balikpapan
Abstract
Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah teknik umpan balik rekan sejawat dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menulis. Secara khusus, penelitian ini berfokus kepada penggunaan teknik umpan balik rekan sejawat yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis paragraf naratif di kelas X IPA di SMAN 1 BALIKPAPAN. Penelitian ini dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pra penelitian di sekolah. Peneliti menemukan bahwa kemampuan menulis paragraf naratif peserta didik masih belum memuaskan. Dalam proses pembelajaran, para guru pada umumnya tidak terlalu fokus mengajarkan keterampilan menulis. Selain itu, strategi menulis pengajaran menulis tidak begitu menarik dan penekanan pembelajaran hanyak pada instruksi menulis sesuai materi yang diajarkan, sehingga peserta didik sedikit terpaksa untuk melakukannya. Untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut, penelitian tindakan kelas perlu dilakukan dalam upaya perbaikan proses pembelajaran ke depan. Guru sebagai peneliti melakukan penelitian sederhana dengan menerapkannya sesuai desain penelitian tindakan kelas, yakni perencanaan, pelaksanaan pengamatan, analisi dan refleksi. Subject penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas X IPA 1 SMAN 1 Balikpapan, tahun ajaran 2019/2020, yang berjumlah 40 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik umpan balik teman sejawat dan meningkatkan kemampuan menulis paragraf naratif bagi peserta didik kelas X IPA 1 SMAN 1 Balikpapan. Setelah melalui pengamatan, ditemukan bahwa peningkatan keerampilan menulis peserta didik setelah latihan teknik umpan balik berpasangan jauh lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Keterampilan berkomunikasi juga muncul pada saat pemberian umpan balik. Para peserta didik berdialog dengan menggunakan Bahasa Inggris pada saat bersamaan. Hal ini menjadi temuan baru, bahwa selain mereka memberikan umpan balik atas kesalahan yang diperbuat selama menulis paragraf naratif, secara tidak langsung mereka juga mampu meningkatkan kemampuan berbicara mereka dalam Bahasa Inggris. Peningkatannya dapat dilihat melalui proses dan hasil belajar. Dari sudut pandang proses, kemampuan peserta didik meningkat dari waktu ke waktu, berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan pemberian kuesioner. Pertama, peserta didik sangat aktif selama proses pembelajaran. Kedua, peserta didik termotivasi dalam belajar Bahasa Inggris, terutama menulis. Ketiga, peserta didik dapat menulis cerita yang dia sukai. Kemajuan terlihat dari hasil belajar, peningkatan pembelajaran, dan karya peserta didik dalam menulis paragraf naratif, dengan beberapa kriteria yang ditentukan, seperti struktur kalimat, mekanisme penulisan, dan jumlah paragraf yang dihasilkan.
This study is directed to obtain information how peer feedback can improve students’ ability in writing. Specifically, it is directed to investigate whether peer feedback works and can improve students’ writing ability in writing sentences and narrative paragraphs, at the first-year students of SMA Negeri 1 Balikpapan. The study was conducted based on the result of preliminary study at the school. It is found that the students’ ability in the language skills especially in writing is still insufficient. In the teaching and learning process the teacher provides fewer portions in writing activities for the students in class. In addition, the strategies used in the teaching and learning process are uninteresting because the students must do the writing activities in under pressure. To answer the problems, classroom action research is conducted. The teacher as a researcher works in planning the action, implementing the action, observing, and analyzing and reflecting the action. The subjects of the study are the second-year students (X-IPA-1) of 2019/2020 academic year consisting of 40 students. The results shows that peer feedback obviously can improve the students’ ability in writing sentences and narrative paragraphs at the first-year students of SMA Negeri 1 Balikpapan. It has been observed that the improvements are caused by the regular writing practice done by the students and the teacher’s response given to their writing. It becomes a sort of on-going dialogue. It also develops a personal relationship between the teacher and each of her students as well as their ability in writing. The improvements can be examined from two points of views; process and product. In the form of process, the students’ attitude improves from time to time as reflected from the results of observation and their answers in the questionnaire. First, the students are actively involved during the teaching and learning process. Second, the students are highly motivated in studying English, especially in writing. The last, the students can write freely. Meanwhile, in the forms of product, the improvements can be examined from the number of genres and the average of sentences, paragraphs, and level of the students’ narrative entries.Keywords
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