FAKTOR RISIKO MULTIDRUG RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS (MDR-TB)

Dwi Sarwani SR(1), Sri Nurlaela(2), Isnani Zahrotul A(3),


(1) Jl. Dr. Suparno - Purwokerto, 53122
(2) Jurusan Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia
(3) Jurusan Kesehatan Masyarakat, Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman, Purwokerto, Indonesia

Abstract

Multi Drug Resistant (MDR-TB) merupakan masalah terbesar dalam pencegahan dan pemberantasan TB dunia. Indonesia berada di peringkat 8 dari 27 negara dengan MDR-TB terbanyak di dunia. WHO global report 2010, memperkirakan pasien MDR-TB di Indonesia berjumlah 8.900. MDR-TB adalah penyakit yang disebabkan Mycobacterium tuberkulosis yang resisten minimal terhadap rifampisin dan isoniazid. Masalah penelitian adalah faktor risiko apa yang berhubungan dengan MDR-TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berbagai faktor risiko MDR-TB. Metode penelitian survei dengan  kasus kontrol. Populasi kasus adalah penderita TB yang terbukti resisten positif dan sampel kontrol adalah penderita yang terbukti resisten negatif. Perbandingan kasus:kontrol= 32:32. Analisis data dengan dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor risiko yang terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kejadian Multi Drug Resistant (MDR-TB) yaitu motivasi penderita yang rendah OR =4,2 (CI=1,478-11,94) dan ketidakteraturan berobat OR=2,3 (CI=1,38–10,28). Diperlukan berbagai dukungan khususnya yang berasal dari keluarga dan lingkungan pasien agar dapat memotivasi penderita TB paru bahwa penyakitnya dapat disembuhkan dan melakukan pengobatan dengan teratur. Simpulan penelitian adalah motivasi penderita yang rendah dan ketidakteraturan berobat berpengaruh terhadap kejadian Multi Drug Resistant.

 

Multi Drug Resistant (MDR - TB ) is the biggest problem of TB prevention and eradication in world. Indonesia is ranked 8 of 27 countries with MDR-TB in the world. WHO global report 2010, estimated MDR-TB patients in Indonesia amounted to 8.900. MDR-TB is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis that resistant to at least rifampicin and isoniazid. The purpose of research was to determine MDR-TB risk factors. A survey method was conducted with case-control. The population were TB case patients who positive and control who negative resistance by test. Comparison case: control = 32:32. Data analyzed by multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that the risk factors of MDR-TB were low patient motivation OR=4.2 (CI=1.478 to 11.94) and treatment irregularity OR=2.3 (CI=1.38 to 10,28). Required a variety support, especially from family and environment in order to motivate patients with pulmonary tuberculosis that their disease can be cured and do the treatment regularly. Research conclusion, low motivation and irregularity treatment had effect to Multi Drug Resistant.

Keywords

Multi Drug Resistant; Tuberculosis; Motivation

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