Email this article 
Isolated Systolic Hypertension among Diabetes Mellitus Subjects; a national cross-sectional study in Indonesia
(1) (SCOPUS ID: 57194196255) [Medical] Universitas Negeri Semarang
(2) Universitas Negeri Semarang
(3) Universitas Negeri Semarang
(4) Universitas Diponegoro
(5) Kuwait University
Abstract
Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) reflects atherosclerosis. Studies reported hypertension prevalence among diabetes mellitus (DM); however, limited studies provided community prevalence. The present study aimed to explore ISH prevalence among DM in Indonesia. This study obtained data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Survey. The DM category was determined by fasting plasma glucose (PG) level ≥126 mg/dL or 2 hours postprandial and random PG level ≥200 mg/dL or previously diagnosed by a doctor. ISH is categorized if systolic blood pressure is≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure is <90 mmHg. This study also explored the subject’s determinants, i.e., compliance, demography, and lipid profile. A Chi-square and Binary logistic regression were used to determine the association. The study included 3,911 DM individuals and disclosed the prevalence of ISH at 17.5%. ≥65 years old (OR=13.61 95%CI: 3.297-19.365) and 45-64 years old OR=4.59 95%CI: 3.297-6.383)), high HDL-cholesterol (OR=0.77; 95%CI: 0.626-0.936), and longer DM duration (OR=2.89; 95%CI: 2.405-3.474), all together were related to the ISH. Subjects with the oldest age category, i.e., ≥65 years old, had the highest OR. Older DM individuals with low HDL-C and longer DM duration were related to the ISH, suggesting lipid profile treatments, mainly the HDL-C, is a pivotal effort to delay ISH.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arnett, D.K., & Claas, S .A., 2018. Omics of Blood Pressure and Hypertension. Circulation Research, 122(10), pp.1409–1419.
Asgari, S., Khalili, D., Mehrabi, Y., Kazempour-Ardebili, S., Azizi, F., & Hadaegh, F., 2016. Incidence and Risk Factors of Isolated Systolic and Diastolic Hypertension: a 10 Year Follow-Up of the Tehran Lipids and Glucose Study. Blood Pressure, 25(3), pp.177–183.
Azam, M., Nida, F., Handayani, O.W.K., & Fibriana, A.I., 2017. Lipid Profiles and Postprandial Glucose Status of Hypertensive Individuals with Stroke in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Epidemiology, 10(3), pp.116-122.
Azam, M., Setyaningsih, E., Rahayu, S.R., & Fibriana, A.I., 2019. Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Exercise Intensity are Associated with Cardiac-Troponin Levels After Prolonged Cycling: the Indonesian North Coast and Tour de Borobudur 2017 Troponin Study. Sports Sciences for Health, 15(3), pp.585-593.
Bavishi, C., Goel, S., & Messerli, F.H., 2016. Isolated Systolic Hypertension: An Update After SPRINT. The American Journal of Medicine, 129(12), pp.1251–1258.
Berraho, M., El Achhab, Y., Benslimane, A., El Rhazi, K., Chikri, M., & Nejjari, C., 2012. Hypertension and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Morocco (EPIDIAM Study). The Pan African Medical Journal, 11, pp.52.
Bo, S., Ciccone, G., Grassi, G., Gancia, R., Rosato, R., Merletti, F., & Pagano, G., 2004. Isolated systolic hypertension in a cohort of type 2 diabetic patients. Nutrition, Metabolism, and Cardiovascular Diseases, NMCD, 14(3), pp.157–161.
Brites, F., Martin, M., Guillas, I., & Kontush, A., 2017. Antioxidative Activity of High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL): Mechanistic Insights into Potential Clinical Benefit. BBA Clinical, 8, pp.66–77.
Bui Van, N., Vo Hoang, L., Bui Van, T., Anh, H. N. S., Minh, H. T., Do Nam, K., Tri, T. N., Show, P. L., Nga, V. T., Thimiri Govinda Raj, D. B., & Chu, D.-T., 2019. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension in the Vietnamese Elderly. High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention. The Official Journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension, 26(3), pp.239–246.
Chen, G., McAlister, F.A., Walker, R.L., Hemmelgarn, B.R., & Campbell, N.R.C., 2011. Cardiovascular Outcomes in Framingham Participants with Diabetes: The Importance of Blood Pressure. Hypertension, 57(5), pp.891–897.
Colosia, A.D., Palencia, R., & Khan, S., 2013. Prevalence of Hypertension and Obesity in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Observational Studies: a Systematic Literature Review. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, 6, pp.327–338.
Dagnew, B., & Yeshaw, Y., 2019. Predictors of Isolated Systolic Hypertension Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), pp.1–7.
Delles, C., Carrick, E., Graham, D., & Nicklin, S.A., 2018. Utilizing Proteomics to Understand and Define Hypertension: Where are we and Where do We go?. Expert Review of Proteomics, 15(7), pp.581–592.
Ephraim, R.K.D., Saasi, A.R., Anto, E.O., & Adoba, P., 2016. Determinants of Isolated Systolic Hypertension among Diabetic Patients Visiting the Diabetic Clinic at the Tamale Teaching Hospital, Northern Ghana. African Health Sciences, 16(4), pp.1151–1156.
Farahdika, A., & Azam, M., 2015. Faktor Risiko Yang Berhubungan Dengan Penyakit Jantung Koroner Pada Usia Dewasa Madya (41-60 Tahun) (Studi Kasus Di Rs Umum Daerah Kota Semarang). UJPH, 4(2).
Franklin, S.S., Lapuerta, P., L’Italien, G.J., Wong, N.D., & Jacobs, M.J., 2012. Predominance of Isolated Systolic Hypertension Among Middle-Aged and Elderly US Hypertensives. Hypertension, 37(3), pp.869–874.
Grebla, R., Rodriguez, C., Borrell, L., & Pickering, T., 2010. Prevalence and Determinants of Isolated Systolic Hypertension among Young Adults. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, 28(1), pp.15–23.
Gullaksen, S., Funck, K.L., Laugesen, E., Hansen, T.K., Dey, D., & Poulsen, P.L., 2019. Volumes of Coronary Plaque Disease in Relation to Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, Truncal Fat Mass and Epicardial Adipose Tissue in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Controls. Diabetes & Vascular Disease Research, 16(4), pp.328–336.
International Diabetes Federation., 2019. IDF Diabetes Atlas 9th Edition. International Diabetes Federation.
Lindsey, M.L., Mayr, M., Gomes, A.V., Delles, C., Arrell, D.K., Murphy, A.M., Lange, R.A., Costello, C.E., Jin, Y.F., Laskowitz, D.T., Sam, F., Terzic, A., Van Eyk, J., & Srinivas, P.R., 2015. Transformative Impact of Proteomics on Cardiovascular Health and Disease: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation, 132(9), pp.852–872.
Liu, X., Rodriguez, C.J., & Wang, K., 2015. Prevalence and Trends of Isolated Systolic Hypertension among Untreated Adults in the United States. Journal of the American Society of Hypertension, JASH, 9(3), pp.197–205.
Madan, N., Lee, A.K., Matsushita, K., Hoogeveen, R.C., Ballantyne, C.M., Selvin, E., & McEvoy, J.W., 2019. Relation of Isolated Systolic Hypertension and Pulse Pressure to High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin-T and N-Terminal pro-B-Type Natriuretic Peptide in Older Adults (from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study). The American Journal of Cardiology, 124(2), pp.245–252.
Members, A.F., Mancia, G., Fagard, R., Narkiewicz, K., Redon, J., Zanchetti, A., Böhm, M., Christiaens, T., Cifkova, R., De Backer, G., Dominiczak, A., Galderisi, M., Grobbee, D.E., Jaarsma, T., Kirchhof, P., Kjeldsen, S.E., Laurent, S., Manolis, A.J., Nilsson, P.M., & Wood, D.A., 2013. 2013 ESH/ESC Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension: The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) and of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Heart Journal, 34(28), pp.2159–2219.
Murea, M., Lenchik, L., Register, T.C., Russell, G.B., Xu, J., Smith, S.C., Bowden, D.W., Divers, J., & Freedman, B.I., 2018. Psoas and Paraspinous Muscle Index as a Predictor of Mortality in African American Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications, 32(6), pp.558–564.
Nguyen, C.T., Pham, N.M., Lee, A.H., & Binns, C.W., 2015. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam: A Systematic Review. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 27(6), pp.588–600.
Halperin, R.O., Sesso, H.D., Ma, J., Buring, J.E., Stampfer, M.J., & Gaziano, J.M., 2006. Dyslipidemia and the Risk of Incident Hypertension in Men. Hypertension, 47(1), pp.45–50.
Oda, E., & Kawai, R., 2011. High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol is Positively Associated with Hypertension in Apparently Healthy Japanese Men and Women. British Journal of Biomedical Science, 68(1), pp.29–33.
Ohishi, M., 2018. Hypertension with Diabetes Mellitus: Physiology and Pathology. Hypertension Research: Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension, 41(6), pp.389–393.
Os, I., Gudmundsdottir, H., Kjeldsen, S.E., & Oparil, S., 2006. Treatment of Isolated Systolic Hypertension in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 8(4), pp.381–387.
Owusu, E.S.A., Samanta, M., Shaw, J.E., Majeed, A., Khunti, K., & Paul, S.K., 2018. Weight Loss and Mortality Risk in Patients with Different Adiposity at Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes: a Longitudinal Cohort Study. Nutrition & Diabetes, 8(1), pp.37.
Palombo, C., & Kozakova, M., 2016. Arterial Stiffness, Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Risk: Pathophysiologic Mechanisms and Emerging Clinical Indications. Vascular Pharmacology, 77, pp.1–7.
Petrie, J.R., Guzik, T.J., & Touyz, R.M., 2018. Diabetes, Hypertension, and Cardiovascular Disease: Clinical Insights and Vascular Mechanisms. The Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), pp.575–584.
Pinto, E., 2007. Blood Pressure and Ageing. Postgraduate Medical Journal, 83(976), pp.109–114.
Puri, R., Nissen, S.E., Shao, M., Elshazly, M.B., Kataoka, Y., Kapadia, S.R., Tuzcu, E.M., & Nicholls, S.J., 2016. Non-HDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides: Implications for Coronary Atheroma Progression and Clinical Events. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 36(11), pp.2220–2228.
Selvaraj, S., Steg, P.G., Elbez, Y., Sorbets, E., Feldman, L.J., Eagle, K.A., Ohman, E.M., Blacher, J., & Bhatt, D.L., 2016. Pulse Pressure and Risk for Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Atherothrombosis: From the REACH Registry. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 67(4), pp.392–403.
Shimizu, Y., Sato, S., Koyamatsu, J., Yamanashi, H., Nagayoshi, M., Kadota, K., Kawashiri, S.Y., & Maeda, T., 2017. Association between High-Density Lipoprotein-Cholesterol and Hypertension in Relation to Circulating CD34-Positive Cell Levels. Journal of Physiological Anthropology, 36(1), pp.1–7.
Sihombing, M., 2017. Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi pada Penduduk Indonesia yang Menderita Diabetes Melitus (Data Riskesdas 2013). Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 45(1), pp.53–64.
Smulyan, H., Lieber, A., & Safar, M.E., 2016. Hypertension, Diabetes Type II, and Their Association: Role of Arterial Stiffness. American Journal of Hypertension, 29(1), pp.5–13.
Tesfaye, B., Alebel, A., Gebrie, A., Zegeye, A., Tesema Leshargie, C., Ferede, A., Abera, H., & Alam, K., 2019. Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association with Hypertension in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 156, pp.107838.
Thijs, L., Den Hond, E., Nawrot, T., & Staessen, J.A., 2004. Prevalence, Pathophysiology and Treatment of Isolated Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 2(5), pp.761–769.
Wildman, R.P., Mackey, R.H., Bostom, A., Thompson, T., & Sutton-Tyrrell, K., 2003. Measures of Obesity are Associated with Vascular Stiffness in Young and Older Adults. Hypertension, 42(4 I), pp.468–473.
Winston, G.J., Palmas, W., Lima, J., Polak, J.F., Bertoni, A.G., Burke, G., Eng, J., Gottesman, R., & Shea, S., 2013. Pulse Pressure and Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. American Journal of Hypertension, 26(5), pp.636–642.
Zhan, B., Huang, X., Wang, J., Qin, X., Zhang, J., Cao, J., Song, Y., Liu, L., Li, P., Yang, R., Wu, Y., Wu, Q., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Huo, Y., Wang, B., Xu, X., Bao, H., & Cheng, X., 2019. Association Between Lipid Profiles and Arterial Stiffness in Chinese Patients with Hypertension: Insights From the CSPPT. Angiology, 70(6), pp.515–522.
Zhang, R.E.R., 2000. Obesity Hypertension: The Effects on Cardiovascular and Renal Systems. 13(12), pp.1308–1314.
Zhang, Y., He, P., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Li, J., Liang, M., Wang, G., Tang, G., Song, Y., Wang, B., Liu, C., Liu, L., Cui, Y., Wang, X., Huo, Y., Xu, X., & Qin, X., 2019. Positive Association between Baseline Brachial–Ankle Pulse Wave Velocity and the Risk of New-Onset Diabetes in Hypertensive Patients. Cardiovascular Diabetology, 18(1), pp.111.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.