Spatial Analysis of Lymphatic Filariasis Case and Mosquito Resting Place in Rural Area of Brebes Regency, Indonesia

Arum Siwiendrayanti(1), Sutrisno Anggoro(2), Nurjazuli Nurjazuli(3),

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i3.40561


(1) 1. Doctoral Programme of Environmental Science, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2. Environmental Health Division, Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Diponegoro University, Indonesia
(3) Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Indonesia

Abstract

Brebes Regency is an endemic area of Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) and has the highest number of LF cases in Central Java Province, Indonesia. Despite it is located in the coastal region, which is already known as one of the risk factors of LF, the LF case is distributed more in rural areas, away from the shoreline. Adult mosquitoes need a particular site, called a resting place, to rest after and before biting for a blood meal. The purpose of this study was to analyze spatially the distribution of LF cases and mosquito resting places in three subdistricts whose highest LF case is in the Brebes Regency. The three subdistricts are rural areas. The observed resting places were cattle pens, unmaintained bushes, and maintained bushes. The data of LF patients were obtained from the Health Office of Brebes Regency, which stood at 14 patients. Spatial mapping of LF case and mosquito resting place distribution was composed. 4 patients were located in the mosquito flight radius from unmaintained bushes, 3 patients were located in the mosquito flight radius from cattle pen, and 7 patients were located in the mosquito flight radius from both unmaintained bushes and cattle pen. It indicated unmaintained bushes, together with cattle pen, are the favorable resting place contributing to LF transmission.

Keywords

Brebes Regency; lymphatic filariasis; mosquito resting place; rural area

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abdul Halim, A.F.N., Ahmad, D., Miaw Yn, J.L., Masdor, N.A., Ramly, N., Othman, R., Kandayah, T., Hassan, M.R., & Dapari, R., 2022. Factors Associated with the Acceptability of Mass Drug Administration for Filariasis: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), pp.12971.

Aboagye, I.F., & Addison, Y.A.A., 2022. The Impact of Mass Drug Administration on Lymphatic Filariasis. Genetics Research, 2022, pp.7504871.

Aisyah, D.N., Kozlakidis, Z., Diva, H., Trimizi, S.N., Sianipar, L.R., Wijayanti, E., Avicena, A.M., & Adisasmito, W., 2022. The Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Chronic Lymphatic Filariasis in Indonesia: A 18-Year Registry-Based Analysis. Microbiology Research, 13(4), pp.681–690.

Al-Abd, N.M., Nor, Z.M., Ahmed, A., Al-Adhroey, A.H., Mansor, M., & Kassim, M., 2014. Lymphatic Filariasis in Peninsular Malaysia: a Cross-Sectional Survey of the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Residents. Parasites and Vectors, 7(1), pp.545.

Alencar, J., Melandri, V., Silva, J., Albuquerque, H.G., & Guimarães, A.E., 2021. Ecological Characterization of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in Areas of the Mato Grosso Pantanal, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Tropical Zoology, 34(1), pp.1–15.

Bataille, A., Cunningham, A.A., Cedeño, V., Cruz, M., Eastwood, G., Fonseca, D.M., Causton, C.E., Azuero, R., Loayza, J., Martinez, J.D.C., & Goodman, S.J., 2009. Evidence for Regular Ongoing Introductions of Mosquito Disease Vectors into the Galápagos Islands. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 276(1674), pp.3769–3775.

Chesnais, C.B., Missamou, F., Pion, S.D., Bopda, J., Louya, F., Majewski, A.C., Fischer, P.U., Weil, G.J., & Boussinesq, M., 2014. A Case Study of Risk Factors for Lymphatic Filariasis in the Republic of Congo. Parasites and Vectors, 7(1).

Chesnais, C.B., Awaca-Uvon, N., Vlaminck, J., Tambwe, J., Weil, G.J., Pion, S.D., & Boussinesq, M., 2019. Risk Factors for Lymphatic Filariasis in Two Villages of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Parasites and Vectors, 12(1).

Cui, J., Li, S., Zhao, P., & Zou, F.,. 2013. Flight Capacity of Adult Culex pipiens Pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Relation to Gender and Day-Age. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(5), pp.1055–1058.

El-Zeiny, A., El-Hefni, A., & Sowilem, M., 2017. Geospatial Techniques for Environmental Modeling of Mosquito Breeding Habitats at Suez Canal Zone, Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Remote Sensing and Space Science, 20(2), pp.283–293.

Genoud, A.P., Basistyy, R., & Williams, G.M., 2018. Optical Remote Sensing for Monitoring Flying Mosquitoes, Gender Identification and Discussion on Species Identification. Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics, 124(3).

Ismail, T.N.S.T., Kassim, N,F.A., Rahman, A.A., Yahya, K., & Webb, C.E., 2018. Day Biting Habits of Mosquitoes Associated with Mangrove Forests in Kedah, Malaysia. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 3(3), pp.1–8.

Khikmah, N., & Pawenang, E.T., 2018. Review of Environmental Aspects and Community Behavior in the Determination of Filariasis Risk Vulnerability Zone. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 7(1), pp.38–49.

Li, K.J., Cai, S.X., Lin, W., Xia, J., Pi, Q., Hu, L.Q., Huang, G. Q., Pei, S. J.,& Zhang, H. X., 2015. Impact of Malaria Vector Control Interventions at the Beginning of a Malaria Elimination Stage in a Dominant Area of Anopheles anthropophagus, Hubei Province, China. Journal of Parasitology, 101(5), pp.598–602.

Liu, X.-B., Guo, Y., Jiang, J., Ren, D., Zhou, G., Zheng, C., Zhang, Y., Liu, J., Li, Z., Chen, Y., Li, H., Morton, L.C., Li, H., Li, Q., & Gu, W., 2011. The Abundance and Host-Seeking Behavior of Culicine Species (Diptera: Culicidae) and Anopheles sinensis in Yongcheng City, People’s Republic of China. Parasites and Vectors, 4(1)

Makhanthisa, T.I., Braack, L., Bornman, M.S., & Lutermann, H., 2022. Social Acceptance of Livestock-Administered Endectocides for Malaria Control in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Malaria Journal, 21(1).

Makhanthisa, T.I., Braack, L., & Lutermann, H., 2021. The Effect of Cattle-Administered Ivermectin and Fipronil on the Mortality and Fecundity of Anopheles arabiensis Patton. Parasites and Vectors, 14(1).

Masela, D.F., 2012. Pengaruh Struktur dan Komposisi Mangrove bagi Kerapatan Nyamuk di Desa Kopi dan Desa Minanga Kecamatan Bintauna. COCOS, 1(2), pp.1–8.

Mendhe, H.G., Prasad, M.A., Potdar, P., & Verma, A., 2022. Evaluation of Mass Drug Administration to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis in Surguja and Surajpur District, Chhattisgarh. Indian Journal of Community Health, 34(2), pp.265–269.

Muturi, E.J., Muriu, S., Shililu, J., Mwangangi, J.M., Jacob, B.G., Mbogo, C., Githure, J., & Novak, R.J., 2008. Blood-feeding Patterns of Culex quinquefasciatus and Other Culicines and Implications for Disease Transmission in Mwea Rice Scheme, Kenya. Parasitology Research, 102(6), pp.1329–1335.

Nurjazuli, N., Setiani, O., & Lubis, R., 2018. Analysis of Lymphatic Filariasis Transmission Potential in Pekalongan City, Central Java, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Epidemiology, 11(1), pp.20–25.

Nurjazuli., & Santjaka, A., 2020. Potential Sources of Transmission and Distribution of Lymphatic Filariasis in Semarang City, Central Java, Indonesia. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 9(1), pp.43–49.

Nyasa, R.B., Fotabe, E.L., & Ndip, R.N., 2021. Trends in Malaria Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with the Disease in Nkonghombeng; A Typical Rural Setting in the Equatorial Rainforest of the South West Region of Cameroon. PLoS ONE, 16(5).

Philip Samuel, P., Arunachalam, N., Hiriyan, J., Thenmozhi, V., Gajanana, A., & Satyanarayana, K., 2004. Host-feeding Pattern of Culex quinquefasciatus Say and Mansonia annulifera (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae), the Major Vectors of Filariasis in a Rural Area of South India. Journal of Medical Entomology, 41(3), pp.442–446.

Ruiz-Castillo, P., Rist, C., Rabinovich, R., & Chaccour, C., 2022. Insecticide-treated Livestock: a Potential One Health Approach to Malaria Control in Africa. Trends in Parasitology, 38(2), pp.112–123.

Sapada, I.E., Anwar, C., S., & Priadi, D.P., 2015. Environmental and Socioeconomics Factors Associated with Cases of Clinical Filariasis in Banyuasin District of South Sumatera, Indonesia. International Journal of Collaborative Research on Internal Medicine & Public Health, 7(6).

Siwiendrayanti, A., Pawenang, E.T., Windraswara, R., & Wijayanti, Y., 2019. Sequential Neighborhood Filariasis Transmission in Coastal Areas of Demak Regency, Indonesia. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Semarang: Atlantis Press, pp.241–245.

Siwiendrayanti, A., Pawenang, E.T., Wijayanti, Y., & Cahyati, W.H., 2020. Analysis of Lymphatic Filariasis Case Distribution for Preparing Environmental Based Elimination Strategy in Brebes Regency, Indonesia. ISPHE 2020 Proceeding. Semarang: EAI, pp.59–67.

Siwiendrayanti, A., Pawenang, E.T., Indarjo, S., & Hikmah, I.H., 2020. Filariasis Vulnerability Zonation Based on Environmental and Behavioural Aspects in Pekalongan City, Indonesia Filariasis Vulnerability Zonation Based on Environmental and Behavioural Aspects in Pekalongan City , Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing.

Siwiendrayanti, A., Anggoro, S., & Nurjazuli., 2020. Literature Review: The Contribution of Mangrove Ecosystem Condition to Mosquito Population. E3S Web of Conferences 202, pp.05016.

Siwiendrayanti, A., Pawenang, E.T., & Indarjo, S., 2017. Spatial Analysis and Behavior Evaluation to Identify Differentiating Factors of Filariasis Endemic Status. Advanced Science Letters, 23(4), pp.3349–3354.

Somerville, A.G.T., et al. 2019. The Consequences of Brugia malayi Infection on the Flight and Energy Resources of Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes. Scientific Reports, 9(1).

Souza, D.K., Koudou, B., Kelly-Hope, L.A., Wilson, M.D., Bockarie, M.J., & Boakye, D.A., 2012. Diversity and Transmission Competence in Lymphatic Filariasis Vectors in West Africa, and the Implications for Accelerated Elimination of Anopheles-transmitted Filariasis. Parasites & Vectors, 5(259).

Taylor, M., Oliver, S., & Garner, P., 2022. Community Views on Mass Drug Administration for Filariasis: a Qualitative Evidence Synthesis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2022(2), pp.CD013638.

Touloupou, P., Retkute, R., Hollingsworth, T.D., & Spencer, S.E.F., 2022. Statistical Methods for Linking Geostatistical Maps and Transmission Models: Application to Lymphatic Filariasis in East Africa. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 41, pp.100391.

Verdonschot, P.F.M., & Besse-lototskaya, A.A., 2014. Flight Distance of Mosquitoes (Culicidae): A Metadata Analysis to Support the Management of Barrier Zones around Rewetted and Newly Constructed Wetlands. Limnologica. Elsevier GmbH., 45, pp.69–79.

Visintin, A.M., Laurito, M., Grech, M.G., Estallo, E.L., Grillet, M.E., Almeida, F.L., & Almirón, W.R., 2022. Ecological Characterization of Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) at the Southern Coast of Mar Chiquita Lake, Argentina. Journal of Medical Entomology, 59(2), pp.525–536.

Wilson, A.L., Wilson, A.L., Courtenay, O., Kelly-Hope, L.A., Scott, T.W., Takken, W., Torr, S.J., & Lindsay, S.W., 2020. The Importance of Vector Control for the Control and Elimination of Vector-Borne Diseases. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 11(1), pp.1–31.

Xu, Z., Graves, P.M., Lau, C.L., Clements, A., Geard, N., Glass, K., 2019. GEOFIL: A Spatially-Explicit Agent-Based Modelling Framework for Predicting the Long-Term Transmission Dynamics of Lymphatic Filariasis in American Samoa. Epidemics, 27, pp.19–27.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.