Effect of Avocado Flesh (Persea Americana) Extract on HbA1c and Fasting Blood Glucose Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Shahrul Rahman(1), Lina Septina(2), Huwainan Nisa Nasution(3),

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v20i1.47573


(1) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
(2) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara
(3) Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara

Abstract


 

Diabetes mellitus is a complicated necessitates ongoing medical attention and is a serious health problem that has grown to worrisome proportions. The study aimed to assess the avocado pulp extract’s glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a clinical setting in 2023. From the Klinik IMAN database, patients >18 years with T2DM who had previously been treated with oral hypoglycemic medications were included. The index date—the first day that avocado pulp extract was consumed—was used to collect baseline data. A laboratory measurements analysis was used to evaluate the change in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and fasting blood glucose levels after a month of consuming avocado pulp extract and placebo. At one month, the percentage of patients who achieved their goal HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels was determined. Overall, 30 patients were included and had baseline HbA1c and fasting blood glucose levels values available. Added avocado flesh extract not associated with improved HbA1c (0.04 [95% CI: -0.22-0.30], p>0.05) and fasting blood glucose levels values (0.85 [95% CI: - 24.7-26.4], p>0.05) versus baseline at a month. Added avocado flesh extract not associated with improved glycemic control during a month of follow-up in patients with T2DM.

Keywords

Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Avocado flesh extract; Glycemic control

Full Text:

PDF

References

Bergenstal, R. M., Gal, R. L., Connor, C. G., Gubitosi-Klug, R., Kruger, D., Olson, B. A., Willi, S. M., Aleppo, G., Weinstock, R. S., Wood, J., Rickels, M., DiMeglio, L. A., Bethin, K. E., Marcovina, S., Tassopoulos, A., Lee, S., Massaro, E., Bzdick, S., Ichihara, B., … Beck, R. W. (2017). Racial Differences in the Relationship of Glucose Concentrations and Hemoglobin A 1c Levels. Annals of Internal Medicine, 167(2), 95. https://doi.org/10.7326/M16-2596

Chawla, A., Chawla, R., & and Jaggi, S., (2016). Microvasular and macrovascular complications in diabetes mellitus: Distinct or continuum? Indian J Endocrinol Metab, 20(4): 546–551.

Dreher, M. L., & Davenport, A. J. (2013). Hass Avocado Composition and Potential Health Effects. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 53(7), 738–750. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2011.556759

ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K., Das, S. R., Gibbons, C. H., Giurini, J. M., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Kosiborod, M., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., … Gabbay, R. A. (2023). Introduction and Methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S1–S4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-Sint

ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Gaglia, J. L., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., Perry, M. Lou, Prahalad, P., Pratley, R. E., Seley, J. J., … Gabbay, R. A. (2023). Classification and Diagnosis of Diabetes: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S19–S40. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-S002

Galindo, M.E., Ogata, N., Fernandez, A.M.A. (2008). Some aspects of avocado (Persea Americana Mill.) diversity and domestication in Mesoamerica. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 55(3):441-450

Hayward, R. A., Reaven, P. D., Wiitala, W. L., Bahn, G. D., Reda, D. J., Ge, L., McCarren, M., Duckworth, W. C., Emanuele, N. V, & VADT Investigators. (2015). Follow-up of glycemic control and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine, 372(23), 2197–2206. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1414266

Indranila, K.S., (2017). Glycated Hemoglobin A1C as A Biomarker Predictor for Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiovascular Disease and Inflammation. Indonesian Journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory. 23(2), pp.191-196

Jenkins, A.J., Joglekar, M.V., Hardikar, A.A., Keech, A.C., O'Neal, D.N., Januszewski, A.S. (2015). Biomarkers in Diabetic Retinopathy. The Review of Diabetic Studies. 12(1-2): 159–195.

Karnchanasorn, R., Huang, J., Ou, H.Y., Feng, W., Chuang, L.M., Chiu, K.C., & Samoa, R. (2016). Comparison of the Current Diagnostic Criterion of HbA1c with Fasting and 2-Hour Plasma Glucose Concentration. J Diabetes Res, 2016, pp. 1-11

Kaneko, S., da Rocha Fernandes, J. D., Yamamoto, Y., Langer, J., & Faurby, M. (2021). A Japanese Study Assessing Glycemic Control with Use of IDegAsp Co-formulation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Clinical Practice: The JAGUAR Study. Advances in Therapy, 38(3), 1638–1649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-021-01623-y

Kementrian Kesehatan RI. (2017). Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi II 2017 Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia 615.1 Ind f.

Lasari, H.H.D., Musafaah., Afifah, N.L., Mutmainnah, Y., & Fitriyanti, J. (2021). Spatial Analysis and Risk Factors for Diabetes Mellitus Type II in Banjarbaru City. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 17(2), 240–247.

Magliano DJ, B. E. (2021). IDF Diabetes Atlas 10th edition (10th Edition). International Diabetes Federation. www.diabetesatlas.org

Oktora, S. I., & Butar Butar, D. (2022). Determinants of Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence in Indonesia. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 18(2), 266–273. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v18i2.31880

Sacks, D. B., Arnold, M., Bakris, G. L., Bruns, D. E., Horvath, A. R., Kirkman, M. S., Lernmark, A., Metzger, B. E., & Nathan, D. M. (2011). Guidelines and recommendations for laboratory analysis in the diagnosis and management of diabetes mellitus. Clinical Chemistry, 57(6), e1–e47. https://doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.161596

Talavera, A., Fernandez, JJG., Pancorbo, AC., García, LO., & Hormaza, JI. (2023). Avocado: Agricultural Importance and Nutraceutical Properties. Compendium of Crop Genome Designing for Nutraceuticals, pp 1–19

Taylor, S.I., Yazdi, Z.S., & Beitelshees, A.L. (2021). Pharmacological treatment of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest. 131(2), pp 1-14

Weschenfelder, C., dos Santos, J. L., de Souza, P. A. L., de Campos, V. P., & Marcadenti, A. (2015). Avocado and Cardiovascular Health. Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, 05(07), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojemd.2015.57010

Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Herman, W. H., Gross, J. L., Dharmalingam, M., Jiang, H. H., & Hardin, D. S. (2013). Ethnic differences in glycemic markers in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 36(10), 2931–2936. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc12-2711

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.