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Nutritional Literacy as An Effect Modifier on Undernutrition Incidence among Poor Urban Family in Semarang City
(1) Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Negeri Semarang
(2) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang
(3) Department of Optic Refraction, Universitas Widya Husada Semarang
(4) Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Abstract
Kemiskinan merupakan akar dari penyebab masalah gizi kurang. Wilayah Gunung Brintik Kelurahan Randusari Kota Semarang merupakan wilyah kantung kemiskinan di pusat Kota Semarang dengan jumlah penduduk miskin sebesar 28.48% serta prevalensi gizi kurang sebesar 60%. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis faktor risiko gizi kurang serta menganalisis literasi gizi ibu sebagai efek modifikasi kejadian gizi kurang pada balita. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain cross sectional melibatkan 97 balita di wilayah Gunung Brintik RW III dan IV Kelurahan Randusari Kota Semarang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi dan wawancara responden ibu balita. Analisis bivariat dilakukan menggunakan uji chi square, sedangkan analisis multivariat menggunakan multiple logistic regression. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 12 variabel yang memiliki asosiasi dengan kejadian gizi kurang pada balita, yaitu jenis kelamin, riwayat IMD, riwayat imunisasi, riwayat penyakit infeksi, asupan energi, asupan protein, asupan lemak, asupan karbohidrat, pendidikan ibu, pendidikan ayah, pendapatn keluarga, dan literasi gizi. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan adanya interaksi antara pendapatan keluarga dengan literasi gizi sebagai variabel interaksi (nilai p: 0,044). OR adjusted pendapatan keluarga dan literasi gizi terhadap kejadian gizi kurang diperoleh OR = 2,37 (1,07-9,38). Keluarga yang mampu secara ekonomi, tetapi memiliki literasi gizi yang kurang berisiko sebesar 2,37 kali lebih besar untuk memiliki balita yang mengalami gizi kurang daripada keluarga yang mampu secara ekonomi dan memiliki literasi gizi yang baik. Dengan demikian, efek risiko pendapatan keluarga yang kurang terhadap kejadian gizi kurang termodifikasi oleh literasi gizi sebagai effect modifier.
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