Tantangan Hukum Peer To Peer Lending dalam Mendorong Pertumbuhan Industri Financial Technology

Abstract

Peer to peer lending adalah salah satu jenis Fintech yang memberikan layanan berupa pinjaman dana berbasis teknologi informasi. Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) sebagai salah satu regulator dibidang keuangan telah menerbitkan Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (POJK) Nomor 77/POJK.01/2016 tentang Layanan Pinjam Meminjam Uang Berbasis Teknologi Informasi sebagai payung hukum pelaksanaan peer to peer lending. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan peer to peer lending di Indonesia sekaligus mengidentifikasi problematika normatif dan non-normatif peer to peer lending berdasarkan teori sistem hukum Lawrence M. Friedman. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif dengan menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif, yakni data yang telah diperoleh akan diuraikan dalam bentuk keterangan dan penjelasan yang selanjutnya akan dikaji berdasarkan teori-teori hukum yang relevan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa problematika seperti batasan maksimum pinjaman, suku bunga yang tidak diatur, mekanisme penagihan yang tidak beretika melalui sosial media hingga pencurian dan penyalahgunaan data pribadi Penerima Pinjaman masih menghantui industri Fintech peer to peer lending. Diperlukan evaluasi dan terobosan mulai dari substansi hukum, struktur hukum dan budaya hukum mengenai peer to peer lending guna mendorong pertumbuhan industri Fintech peer to peer lending di Indonesia.

Peer to peer lending is a type of Fintech that provides services in the form of information technology-based loan funds. The Financial Services Authority (OJK), as one of the regulators in the financial sector, has issued Financial Services Authority Regulation (POJK) No. 77/POJK.01/2016 concerning Information Technology-Based Money Lending and Borrowing Services as a legal umbrella for implementing peer to peer lending. This study aims to determine how the regulation of peer to peer lending in Indonesia as well as identifying normative and non-normative problems of peer to peer lending based on the legal system theory of Lawrence M. Friedman. This type of research is normative legal research using qualitative analysis methods. The data that has been obtained will be described in the form of information and explanations, which will then be assessed based on relevant legal theories. This study's results indicate that problems such as maximum lending limits, unregulated interest rates, unethical billing mechanisms through social media to theft and misuse of personal data of consumers still haunt the Fintech peer to peer lending industry. Evaluation and breakthroughs are needed starting from the legal substance, legal structure and legal culture regarding peer to peer lending to encourage the growth of the peer to peer lending Fintech industry in Indonesia.