Penyelesaian Sengketa Bisnis dalam Kerangka Belt and Road Initiative
(1) Universitas Tanjungpura
(2) Universitas Tanjungpura
Abstract
Inisiatif kejasama internasional yang diinisiasi oleh Negara Cina yang disebut Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) dikembangkan untuk mewujudkan integrasi ekonomi wilayah Eurasia. Kerjasama ini pada akhirnya memunculkan hubungan hukum yang kompleks antara berbagai entitas baik pada tataran publik maupun privat. Dalam taraf privat, kerjasama maupun proyek yang melibatkan pihak yang berasal dari berbagai kewarganegaraan serta bidang sengketa yang beragam dalam kerangka BRI akan memberikan permasalahan tersendiri. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek penyelesaian sengketa khusus dalam bidang bisnis pada kerangka BRI. Mengingat luasnya ruang lingkup permasalahan hukum yang terkait dengan BRI maka pembahasan akan dibatasi agar lebih fokus yakni menganalisa kerjasama BRI dari konteks penyelesaian sengketa. Ditemukan terdapat beberapa pilihan penyelesaian sengketa yang dapat dipilih oleh para pihak yang terlibat dalam Proyek BRI yakni Bentuk Alternatif Penyelesaian Sengketa yang bersifat non-adjudikatif seperti negosiasi maupun mediasi, pengadilan nasional, China’s International Commercial Courts (CICC), forum arbitrase nasional, arbitrase internasional. Indonesia merupakan negara mitra yang penting dalam implementasi BRI. Untuk itu, Indonesia perlu memperhatikan sumber hukum internasional yang mendukung proses penyelesaian sengketa yang bersifat transnasional.
International cooperation initiated by China called the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) was developed to realize economic integration from Eurasia. The implementation of this initiative includes cooperation in strategic areas that are very comprehensive. This cooperation ultimately gave rise to complex legal relationships between various entities at both the public and private levels. At the private level, collaborations and projects involving parties of various nationalities as well as various dispute areas within the BRI framework will present significant issues. This article aims to examine aspects of dispute resolution specific to the business sector under the BRI framework. It was found that there are several dispute resolution options that can be chosen by the parties involved in the BRI Project, namely non-adjudicative alternative forms of dispute resolution such as negotiation or mediation, national courts, China's International Commercial Courts (CICC), national arbitration forums, international arbitration. Indonesia is an important partner country in the implementation of BRI. For this reason, Indonesia needs to pay attention to international legal sources that support transnational dispute resolution processes.
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