Penerapan Empat Pilar Program Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Infeksi Tuberkulosis Paru

Abstract

Abstrak

Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit infeksi menular yang menjadi penyebab tingginya angka kesakitan dan kematian. Puskesmas Bandarharjo mempunyai kasus TB BTA positif tertinggi di Kota Semarang sebesar 54 kasus tahun 2017 dan 58 kasus tahun 2018, sehingga perlu diterapkan program PPI TB untuk mencegah terjadinya penularan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui gambaran secara mendalam terkait pelaksanaan empat pilar program PPI TB di Puskesmas Bandarharjo. Jenis penelitian ini deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan studi kasus dengan fokus penelitian input, proses, dan output. Teknik pengambilan informan secara pusposive sampling terdiri dari 4 informan utama dan 2 informan triangulasi. Teknik pengambilan data berupa wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat kendala pelaksanaan PPI TB seperti belum adanya SOP khusus terkait PPI TB, pengorganisasian belum terstruktur, kepatuhan pasien dalam penggunaan APD masih rendah, ruangan TB belum sesuai standar dan belum tersedia tempat pembuangan dahak untuk pasien TB dan evaluasi masih belum terlaksana dengan baik. Pelaksanaan empat pilar PPI TB di Puskesmas Bandarharjo belum berjalan secara optimal sesuai standar yang ditetapkan.

Abstract

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused the increase of morbidity and mortality rate. Bandarharjo community health center has the highest TBA BTA positive cases in Semarang city such as 54 cases in 2017 and 58 cases in 2018, that the implementation of PPI TB program is important to be done to prevent the transmission. This research aims to know the implementation of the PPI TB four pillars program at Bandarharjo community health center in depth. This research used descriptive analysis based on the qualitative approach. The design of this research used a case study which focused on input, process, and output. The technique to get the participants was adopted by using purposing sampling technique which consisted of 4 main participants and 2 triangulate participants. The technique to get the data were including the in-depth interview, observation, and documentation. The result of this research showed that there are some problems in the implementation of PPI TB such as there is no specific SOP about PPI TB, the unstructured organization, the low patient compliance in the use of APD, the unavailable sputum disposal for the TB patients, the low standard of TB room, and the deficient implementation of the evaluation. The implementation of four pillars program in the Tuberculosis prevention and infection control program at Bandarharjo community health center has not been implemented optimally by following the specified standard.