Indonesia Response and Recent Development of Law and Policy in Addressing Marine Plastic Litter

Main Article Content

Maruf Maruf
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5308-3223

Abstract

Marine plastic litter is one of the major problems that undermine the Indonesian Government’s vision for making the sea as the future for the Indonesian nation. Marine areas of Indonesia are endangered by the massive plastic pollution, which is causing serious marine environmental problems. Indonesia is referred to as the biggest source of plastic waste in Southeast Asia and second biggest in the world. Indonesia government through Presidential Decree No. 7/2017 has established National Plan of Action (NPOA) on Marine Plastic Debris Management to strengthen the Indonesian commitment in reducing marine plastic litter. Furthermore, the Indonesian government also enacted Presidential Regulation No. 83/2018 on Handling Marine Litter. Thus, the present study argues that it is of paramount necessity to assess the impact of the legal framework regulating marine plastic litter in Indonesia in order to identify the lacuna in the existing legislative and policy framework for dealing with marine environmental pollution caused by marine plastic litter.

Article Details

How to Cite
Maruf, M. (2019). Indonesia Response and Recent Development of Law and Policy in Addressing Marine Plastic Litter. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 4(2), 167-188. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v4i2.34757
Section
Research Articles

References

Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) (2019). Marine Resource Conservation Working Group, retrieved from http://mddb.apec.org/documents/2009/MRCWG/MRCWG/09_mrcwg_020.doc.

Anonym. (December 21, 2017). Sampah Laut Lintas Batas Menjadi Masalah Yang Mendesak Untuk Segera Ditangani, Online, available at https://maritim.go.id/sampah-laut-lintas-batas-menjadi-masalah-yang-mendesak-untuk-segera-ditangani/ accessed on 2019/8/2

Anonym. (October 9, 2017). Kemenko Maritim Bawa Rencana Aksi Nasional Penanganan Sampah Plastik Laut di Konferensi Kelautan Uni Eropa, Online, available at https://maritim.go.id/kemenko-kemaritiman-bawa-rencana-aksi-nasional-penanganan-sampah-plastik-laut-di-konferensi-kelautan-uni-eropa/

Central Statistics Bureau of the Republic of Indonesia. (2017). Report Indonesian Economy 2017, available at http://www.bps.go.id

Cordova, M.R. (2016). Micro plastic in the Deep-Sea Sediment of Southwestern Sumatra Waters, Marine Research Indonesia, 41(1), 27-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14203/mri.v41i1.99

Damanhuri E., Handoko W., & Padmi T. Municipal Solid Waste Management in Indonesia. In: Pariatamby A., Tanaka M. (eds). (2014). Municipal Solid Waste Management in Asia and the Pacific Islands, Environmental Science and Engineering. Switzerland AG: Springer.

Directorate General of Sea Transportation (DGST), Implementation of MARPOL 73/78 Annex IV, V and VI in Indonesia, Bali, 2017

Finska, L. (2018). Did the latest Resolution on Marine Plastic Litter and Microplastics take us any closer to pollution-free oceans? Available at http://site.uit.no/jclos/2018/01/10/did-the-latest-resolution-on-marine-plastic-litter-and-microplastics-take-us-any-closer-to-pollution-free-oceans/

Gündoğdu, S. (2018). “Contamination of table salts from Turkey with microplastics”, Food Additives & Contaminants, 35(5), 1006-1014. DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1447694

Hutagalung, R. (February 21, 2018). Strategi KLHK Tangani Sampah, Online, available at https://www.forda-mof.org/berita/post/4384-strategi-klhk-tangani-sampah

Jambeck, J.R., Geyer, R., Wilcox, C., Siegler, T.R., Perryman, M., Andrady, A., Narayan, R., & Law, K.L. (2015). Plastic Waste Inputs from Land into the Ocean, Science, 347(6223), 768-771. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1260352.

Kardish, C. (2014). How Rwanda became the world’s unlikely leader in plastic bag ban. Available at http://www.governing.com/topics/transportation-infrastructure/gov-rwanda-plastic-bag-ban.html.

Kershaw, P (ed). (2016). Sources, Fate and Effect of Microplastics in the Marine Environment: A Global Assessment, Report Study GESAMP No. 90. London: IMO. Available online at https://ec.europa.eu/environment/marine/good-environmental-status/descriptor-10/pdf/GESAMP_microplastics%20full%20study.pdf

Manalu A. A., Haryadi S., &Wardiatno, Y. (2017). Microplastics abundance in coastal sediments of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia, AACL Bioflux 10(5), 1164-1173. Online at https://www.bioflux.com.ro/docs/2017.1164-1173.pdf

Marzuki, K. (2017). Indonesia’s National Sea Policy: Concretizing the Global Maritime Fulcrum. Singapore: Nanyang Technological University. Available online at https://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2017/03/CO17052.pdf

Munawar, E., Yunardi, Y., Lederer, J., & Fellner, J. (2017). The development of landfill operation and management in Indonesia” Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management, 20(2), 1128-1142. DOI: https//doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0676-3

Nurkholis, N., Nuryadin, D., Syaifudin, N., Handika, R., Setyobudi, R. H., & Udjianto, D. W. (2016). The Economic of Marine Sector in Indonesia. Aquatic Procedia, 7, 181–186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2016.07.025.
Ocean Conservancy. (2015). International Coastal Cleanup, Report, available at https://oceanconservancy.org/trash-free-seas/international-coastal-cleanup/

Pettipas, S., Bernier, M., & Walker, T.R. (2016). A Canadian policy framework to mitigate plastic marine pollution, Marine Policy, 68(1), 117-122, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2016.02.025

Purba, N. P., Handyman, D. I. W., Pribadi, T. D., Syakti, A. D., Pranowo, W. S., Harvey, A., & Ihsan, Y. N. (2019). Marine debris in Indonesia: A review of research and status. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 146, 134–144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.05.057.

Rahmadi, T. (2015). Hukum Lingkungan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.

Ramesh Ramachandran, Purvaja Ramachandran, Lowry, K., Kremer, H., & Lange, M. (2014). Improving science and policy in managing land-based sources of pollution, Environmental Development, 11(1), 4-18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.02.002

Rochman, C.M., Tahir, A, Williams, S.L., Baxa, D.V., Lam, R., Miller, J.T., Foo-Ching Teh, Werorilangi, S., & Swee J. Teh. (2015). Anthropogenic debris in seafood: Plastic debris and fibers from textiles in fish and bivalves sold for human consumption. Scientific Reports, 5, 14340. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep14340

Republic of Indonesia. (2017a). Circular letter Ministry Environment and Forestry of Republic Indonesia, No SE/menlhksekjen/rokum/PLB.3/1/2017 on the implementation of the national waste care day.

Republic of Indonesia. (2017b). Presidential Regulation of Republic of Indonesia, No. 16/ 2017 on Indonesia’s National Sea Policy.

Republic of Indonesia. (2017c). Government Republic of Indonesia, Indonesia’s Plan of Action on Marine Plastic Debris, 2017-2025, Jakarta.

Republic of Indonesia. (2016). Circular Letter Number: S.1230 / PSLB3-PS / 2016 on Pricing and Mechanism of Implementation of Paid Plastic Bags.

Republic of Indonesia. (2010). Government Regulation No 21 of 2010 on Marine Environment Protection.

Republic of Indonesia. (2018). Presidential Regulation No. 83 of 2018 on Handling Marine Litter.

Republic of Rwanda. (2008). Law No 57/2008 of 10/09/2008, “Law Relating to the Prohibition of Manufacturing, Importation, Use and Sale of Polythene Bags”, Rwanda Management Authority.

Republic of Indonesia. (2014). Law No. 32 of 2014 on the Sea.

Republic of Indonesia. (1999). Government Regulation No. 19 of 1999 on Control of Marine Pollution/ Destruction.

Shanghai Municipal People's Government. (2008). Notice of Office of State Council on Restricting the Production, Sale and Use of Plastic Shopping Bags (SC GO G [2008] No.72).

Syakti, A.D., Bouhroum, R., Hidayati, N.V., Koenawan, C.J., Boulkamh, A., Sulistyo, I., Lebarillier, S., Akhlus, S., Doumenq, P., & Wong-Wah-Chung, P. (2017). Beach macro-litter monitoring and floating microplastic in a coastal area of Indonesia, Marine Pollution Bulletin, 122(1-2), 217-225. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.06.046

United Nation Environmental Program (2016). Marine Litter Legislation: A Toolkit for Policymakers. Nairobi Kenya: UNEP. Available online at https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/8630/-Marine_litter_legislation_A_policy_toolkit_for_policymakers-2016marine_litter_legislation.pdf.pdf?sequence=2&isAllowed=y

United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), What is Environmental Education? Available at https://www.epa.gov/education/what-environmental-education