Averting Deforestation: Designing the Model of a Public Participation-Based Environmental Agreement of Shifting Functionality of Forest
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Published
Nov 5, 2023
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Abstract
This research highlights the shifting concepts and mechanisms in business licensing in forest areas from environmental licensing to an environmental agreement following the effectuation of Indonesia’s Job Creation Law. It is important to investigate this change, considering that it may involve environmental damage or deforestation in forest areas, which tends to be pro-businesses. With the normative-juridical method that incorporates statutory, conceptual, and analytical approaches, This research aims to analyze the concept of the integration of an environmental agreement in risk-based business licensing that has changed business licensing into an environmental agreement in forestry. This study also analyzes the concept of an environmental agreement concept regarding the likelihood of deforestation and the shifting functionality of forest areas. The last important point is that it is paramount to set an ideal legal construction in the environmental agreement in risk-based business licensing in forestry businesses by employing a restorative justice approach and public participation. The research results recommend an ideal legal concept in the integration of an environmental agreement into risk-based business licensing by taking into account public participation, as outlined in Environmental Protection and Management Law, implying citizens to have both public and private rights, enabling them to participate. Moreover, the public role can adjust to the need and risk levels developed with varied concepts of the development of public participation by considering theories and practices in other countries.
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Permadi, I., Maharani, D. P., & Ayub, Z. A. (2023). Averting Deforestation: Designing the Model of a Public Participation-Based Environmental Agreement of Shifting Functionality of Forest. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 8(2), 707-752. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i2.68911
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References
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Dekiawati, Erla Sari. “Law Enforcement of Illegal Logging in Indonesia: Problems and Challenges in Present and the Future”. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Law and Sustainable Development 1, No. 1 (2022): 47-68. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijel.v1i1.56777.
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Handayani, I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi, Lego Karjoko, Abdul Kadir Jaelani, and Jaco Barkhuizen. “The Politics Settlement of Land Tenure Conflicts During Jokowi’s Presidency”. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 7, No. 2 (2022): 487-524. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i2.57539.
Haryono, Waty Suwarty. “Pelaksanaan Izin Lingkungan Oleh Kegiatan Wajibamdal Atau Wajib UKL-UPL.” IUS CONSTITUTUM 1, No. 2 (2015).
Hidayat, Rofiq. “Polemik Penghapusan Izin Lingkungan,” February 14, 2020. https://www.hukumonline.com/berita/a/polemik-penghapusan-izin-lingkungan-lt5e46907726a4b.
HR, Ridwan. Hukum Administrasi Negara. (Yogyakarta: UII Press, 2003).
Kartodiharjo, Hariadi. Lembar Fakta Omnibus Law UU Cipta Kerja. (Bogor: Forest Digest, 2020).
Kementerian Investasi. “Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Melalui Sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) Merupakan Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja.” Online, Accessed May 15, 2023. https://web.dpmptsp.jatengprov.go.id/packages/upload/portal/files/Infografis%20Perizinan%20Berusaha%20Berbasis%20Risiko.pdf.
Kementerian Komunikasi dan Informatika. “UU Cipta Kerja Beri Kepastian dan Penegakan Hukum Dalam Proses Perizinan Berusaha,” News Online, December 23, 2020. https://www.kominfo.go.id/content/detail/31693/uu-cipta-kerja-beri-kepastian-dan-penegakan-hukum-dalam-prosesperizinan-berusaha/0/berita.
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Law of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Environmental Protection and Management, Pub. L. No. 32 (2009).
Law of the Republic of Indonesia concerning Spatial Planning, Pub. L. No. 26, § Article 3 (2007).
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 39 of Year 1999 on Human Rights (1999).
Magno, Francisco. “Forest Devolution and Social Capital: State—Civil Society Relations in the Philippines.” Environmental History 6, No. 2 (April 1, 2001): 264–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/3985087.
Makarim & Taira S Counsellors. “Brief Introduction to Indonesia’s Job Creation / Omnibus Law on Broadening of the Investment Ecosystem and Business Activities, the Ease of Doing Business and Acceleration of National Strategic Projects Oriented Towards National Interests,” November 2020. https://www.makarim.com/storage/uploads/a7e54d81-0b5e-4af4-af3d-09b1f1d1299c/489753_Advisory---Brief-Intro-to-Indonesia's-Job-Creation-(November-2020).pdf.
Oldekop, Johan A., Katharine R. E. Sims, Birendra K. Karna, Mark J. Whittingham, and Arun Agrawal. “Reductions in Deforestation and Poverty from Decentralized Forest Management in Nepal.” Nature Sustainability 2, No. 5 (May 6, 2019): 421–28. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0277-3.
Pimentel Da Silva, Gardenio Diogo, Alessandra Magrini, Maurício Tiomno Tolmasquim, and David Alves Castelo Branco. “Environmental Licensing and Energy Policy Regulating Utility-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Installations in Brazil: Status and Future Perspectives.” Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 37, No. 6 (November 2, 2019): 503–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2019.1595933.
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Rangkuti, Siti Sundari. Hukum Lingkungan Dan Kebijaksanaan Lingkungan Nasional. (Surabaya: Airlangga University Press, 2015).
Ridwan. Hukum Administrasi Negara. (Depok: Rajawali Pers, 2020).
Riyanto, Sigit. “Catatan Kritis Terhadap UU No 11 Tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja (Pengesahan DPR 5 Oktober 2020),” Kertas Kebijakan. (Yogyakarta: Fakultas Hukum Universitas Gadjah Mada, November 2020). https://rispub.law.ugm.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/sites/1049/2020/11/Kertas-kebijakan-analisis-UU-Cipta-Kerja-FH-UGM-5-November-2020-rev-1.pdf.
Ryadi, Arief, and Ali Masyhar. “Forest Fires and Law Enforcement: The Capture of Indonesian Contemporary Condition”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, No. 1 (2021): 39-50. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i1.42723.
Santika, Truly, Erik Meijaard, Sugeng Budiharta, Elizabeth A. Law, Ahmad Kusworo, Joseph A. Hutabarat, Tito P. Indrawan, et al. “Community Forest Management in Indonesia: Avoided Deforestation in the Context of Anthropogenic and Climate Complexities.” Global Environmental Change 46 (September 2017): 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2017.08.002.
Schmidt, I. B., D. I. Urzedo, F. C. M. Piña‐Rodrigues, D. L. M. Vieira, G. M. Rezende, A. B. Sampaio, and R. G. P. Junqueira. “Community‐based Native Seed Production for Restoration in Brazil – the Role of Science and Policy.” Plant Biology 21, No. 3 (May 2019): 389–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12842.
Simangunsong, Cindy Junicke. UU Cipta Kerja Dan Implikasinya Kepada Hutan, Lingkungan Hidup, Dan Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Tanah Papua. (Jakarta: EcoNusa: Alam, Budaya, dan Konservasi, 2020).
Sternberg, Troy, Kemel Toktomushev, and Byambabaatar Ichinkhorloo. The Impact of Mining Lifecycles in Mongolia and Kyrgyzstan: Routledge Studies of the Extractive Industries and Sustainable Development. (London: Routledge, 2022).
Sugiarto. “Perizinan Berusaha Di Bidang Kehutanan,” Online, 2021. https://agroindonesia.co.id/perizinan-berusaha-di-bidang-kehutanan/.
Susetyo, Pramono Dwi. “Beda Penggunaan Dan Pemanfaatan Hutan,” 2021. https://www.forestdigest.com/detail/1051/apa-itu-penggunaan-dan-pemanfaatan-hutan.
Sushanty, Vera Rimbawani. Buku Ajar Hukum Perijinan. (Surabaya: UBHARA Press, 2020).
United Nations. Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters (1998). https://unece.org/DAM/env/pp/documents/cep43e.pdf.
United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. The Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992). https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdf.
Urzedo, Danilo, Michelle Westerlaken, and Jennifer Gabrys. “Digitalizing Forest Landscape Restoration: A Social and Political Analysis of Emerging Technological Practices.” Environmental Politics 32, No. 3 (April 16, 2023): 485–510. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2022.2091417.
Utama, I Made Arya. “Sistem Hukum Perizinan Berwawasan Lingkungan Hidup Dalam Mewujudkan Pembangunan Daerah yang Berkelanjutan (Studi Terhadap Pemerintahan di Wilayah Pemerintah Daerah Provinsi Bali),” Dissertation, (Bandung: Universitas Padjadjaran, 2006).
Wardana, Agung. “Hak Atas Lingkungan: Sebuah Pengantar Diskusi.” Presented at the Karya Latihan Bantuan Hukum (Kalabahu) Lembaga Bantuan Hukum (LBH) Bali, Denpasar, April 20, 2012. https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/29371-ID-hak-atas-lingkungan-sebuah-pengantar-diskusi.pdf.
Wardani, Winda Indah. “How Can the Law Protect the Forest?”. Journal of Law and Legal Reform 2, No. 4 (2021): 527-38. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v2i4.48757.
Widiatedja, I Gusti Ngurah Parikesit. “FDI in Tourism and the Feasibility of Incorporating the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights in Indonesia.” Yuridika 37, No. 2 (August 29, 2022): 433–56. https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v37i2.36281.
Wijoyo, Suparto. “Persyaratan Perizinan Lingkungan Dan Arti Pentingnya Bagi Upaya Pengelolaan Lingkungan Di Indonesia.” Yuridika 27, No. 2 (May 7, 2012). https://doi.org/10.20473/ydk.v27i2.290.