Path Analysis of Blood Glucose Determinant on Diabetes Mellitus Patients through Intervening Variables of Medication Adherence
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Abstract
The prevalence of DM patients in Indonesia in 2013 has increased compared to 2007. The non- adherence of patients in undergoing treatment therapy is one of the drug therapy problems (DTP) that needs special attention. The purpose of the study was to obtain the results of an analysis of direct and indirect relationships related to knowledge, attitudes, family support, and adherence to taking medication for blood glucose levels in patients with DM of type II. Research with correlation analytic research design, with a population of all DM patients of type II with outpatient care in the Sleman region, DIY, were 530 people. The sample was determined by the proportionate stratified random sampling technique of 119 people. The independent variables include knowledge, attitude, family support, while the dependent variable is blood glucose levels in patients with DM of type II and the intervening variable is adherence with taking medication. This study uses path analysis techniques. The results of this study draw conclusions, knowledge, attitudes, family support and medication adherence to DM patients with directly influence blood glucose levels. Apart from knowledge, attitudes and family support through adherence to taking drugs indirectly affect blood glucose levels.
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How to Cite
Kasmini Handayani, O., Lindasari, P., Rahayu, S., Yuniastuti, A., & Nugroho, E. (2019). Path Analysis of Blood Glucose Determinant on Diabetes Mellitus Patients through Intervening Variables of Medication Adherence. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 8(2), 81-87. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v0i0.30420
References
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Fisher, L., Glasgow, R. E., & Strycker, L.A. 2010. The Relationship between Diabetes Distress and Clinical Depression with Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. BMC Public Health, 33(5).
Hensarling. 2009. Development and Psychometric Testing of Hensarling’s Diabetes Family Support Scale. Doctoral Thesis. Denton: Graduate School of the Texas Woman’s University.
Herath, H.M.M., Weerasinghe, N.P., Dias., H., & Weerarathna, T.P. 2017. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Diabetes Mellitus among the General Public in Galle District in Southern Sri Lanka: A Pilot Study. BMC Public Health, 17(535): 1-7.
Kaniz, F., Hossain, S., Natasha, K., Chowdhury, H.A., Akter, J., Khan, T., & Ali, L. 2017. Knowledge Attitude and Practice Regarding Diabetes Mellitus among Nondiabetic and Diabetic Study Participants in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 17(364): 1-10.
Kassahun, C., & Alemayehu, G. 2017. Knowledge, Attitude, Practices and Their Associated Factors towards Diabetes Mellitus among Non Diabetes Community Members of Bale Zone Administrative Towns, South East Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal Pone, 12(2): 1-18.
Kheir, N., Greer, W., Yousif, A., Al Geed, H., & Al Okkah, R. 2011. Knowledge, attitude and practices of Qatari patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 19(3).
Meidikayanti & Chatarina. 2017. Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kualitas Hidup Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Pademawu. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 5(2): 240-252.
Notoatmodjo, S. 2007. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Nurleli. 2016. Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Pasien Diabetes Melitus dalam Menjalani Pengobatan di BULD RSU ZA Banda Aceh. Idea Nursing Journal, 7(2).
Nursalam. 2013. Konsep Penerapan Metode Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Okatiranti & Nur’aeni. 2016. Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Kepercayaan terhadap Diet Penderita DM di RSUD Kota Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 4(1).
Perdana, Burhanudin, & Devi. 2013. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Penyakit DM dengan Pengendalian Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien DM Tipe II di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jurnal Biomedika, 5(2): 17-21.
Quinn, C.C., Shardell, M.D., Terrin, M.L., Barr, E.A., Ballew, S.H., & Gruber-Baldini, A.L. 2011. Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Mobile Phone Personalized Behavioral Intervention for Blood Glucose Control. Diabetes Care, 34(9): 1934-1942.
Qurratuaeni. 2010. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terkendalinya kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta tahun 2009. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Rochana, R.N. 2009. Evaluasi kepatuhan pasien pengobatan obat hipoglikemik oral bagi penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada pasien rawat jalan di RSUD.dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Master Thesis. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Rosland, M.H., & Piette, J.D. 2012. The Impact of Family Behaviors and Communication Patterns on Chronic Illness Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Behav Med, 35(2): 221–239.
Rosyida, L., Priyandani, Y., Sulistyarini, A., & Yunita. 2015. Kepatuhan Pasien pada Penggunaan Obat Anti Diabetes dengan Metode Pill-Count dan MMAS-8 di Puskesmas Kedurus Surabaya. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas, 2(2): 36-41
Roux, M., Walsh, C., Reid, M., & Raubenheimer, J. 2018. Diabetes-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Free State Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2(8).
Shugang, L., Guo., S, He, F., Zhang, M., He, J., Yan, Y., Ding, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, J., Guo, H., Xu, S., & Ma, R. 2015. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose, Associated with Risk Factors in Rural Kazakh Adults in Xinjiang, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12: 554-565.
Zahra, Dewi, & Miftakhurrahman. 2016. Gambaran Pelayanan Konseling Gizi pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Jatinangor Tahun 2015. JSK, 1(4) : 186-192.
Alsous, M., Jalil, M.A., Odeh, M., Al Kurdi, R., & Alnan, M. 2019. Public knowledge, attitudes and practices toward diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study from Jordan. PLoS ONE, 14(3): e0214479.
Amalia, W.C., Sutikno, E., & Nugraheni, R. 2016. Hubungan antara Tingkat Pengetahuan tentang Diabetes Mellitus dan Gaya Hidup dengan Tipe Diabetes Mellitus di Puskesmas Wonodadi Kabupaten Blitar. Jurnal Preventia, 1(1): 14-20.
Anggina, L.L., Hamzah, A., & Pandhit. 2010. Hubungan antara Dukungan Sosial Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Pasien Diabetes Mellitus dalam Melaksanakan Program Diet di Poli Penyakit Dalam RSUD Cibabat Cimahi. Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan Suara Forikes, 2(1): 1-9.
Anju, G., Bhatta, D.N., & Aryal, U.R. 2015. Diabetes related health knowledge, attitude and practice among diabetic patients in Nepal. BMC Endocrine Disorders, 15(25): 1-8.
Ansari, T, Sami, W., Alsubaie, N.R., Althaqib, A.A., Alenezi, A.A., Almutairy, A.N., Alshamrani, M.A., Alanazi, M.A., Almutairi, M.A. 2019. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of dietary pattern in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a locality-based perspective study. International Journal of Medicine in Developing Countries, 3(7): 581–585.
Awodele, O., & Osuolale, J.A. 2015. Medication Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Patients: Study of Patients in Alimosho General Hospital, Igando, Lagos, Nigeria. Journal African Health Sciences, 15(2): 513-522.
Aymen, E., Radwan, M., Al-Sharif, H., & Mustafa, A.A. 2017. Medications Adherence and Associated Factors among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8(100): 1-9.
Davies, M., D’Alessio, D., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W., Mathieu, C., et. al. (2018). Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2018. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia, 61(12).
Fisher, L., Glasgow, R. E., & Strycker, L.A. 2010. The Relationship between Diabetes Distress and Clinical Depression with Glycemic Control Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. BMC Public Health, 33(5).
Hensarling. 2009. Development and Psychometric Testing of Hensarling’s Diabetes Family Support Scale. Doctoral Thesis. Denton: Graduate School of the Texas Woman’s University.
Herath, H.M.M., Weerasinghe, N.P., Dias., H., & Weerarathna, T.P. 2017. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Related to Diabetes Mellitus among the General Public in Galle District in Southern Sri Lanka: A Pilot Study. BMC Public Health, 17(535): 1-7.
Kaniz, F., Hossain, S., Natasha, K., Chowdhury, H.A., Akter, J., Khan, T., & Ali, L. 2017. Knowledge Attitude and Practice Regarding Diabetes Mellitus among Nondiabetic and Diabetic Study Participants in Bangladesh. BMC Public Health, 17(364): 1-10.
Kassahun, C., & Alemayehu, G. 2017. Knowledge, Attitude, Practices and Their Associated Factors towards Diabetes Mellitus among Non Diabetes Community Members of Bale Zone Administrative Towns, South East Ethiopia: A Cross-sectional Study. Journal Pone, 12(2): 1-18.
Kheir, N., Greer, W., Yousif, A., Al Geed, H., & Al Okkah, R. 2011. Knowledge, attitude and practices of Qatari patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, 19(3).
Meidikayanti & Chatarina. 2017. Hubungan Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kualitas Hidup Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Pademawu. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi, 5(2): 240-252.
Notoatmodjo, S. 2007. Promosi Kesehatan dan Ilmu Perilaku. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Nurleli. 2016. Dukungan Keluarga dengan Kepatuhan Pasien Diabetes Melitus dalam Menjalani Pengobatan di BULD RSU ZA Banda Aceh. Idea Nursing Journal, 7(2).
Nursalam. 2013. Konsep Penerapan Metode Penelitian Ilmu Keperawatan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.
Okatiranti & Nur’aeni. 2016. Gambaran Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Kepercayaan terhadap Diet Penderita DM di RSUD Kota Bandung. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan, 4(1).
Perdana, Burhanudin, & Devi. 2013. Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Tentang Penyakit DM dengan Pengendalian Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Pasien DM Tipe II di RSU PKU Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Jurnal Biomedika, 5(2): 17-21.
Quinn, C.C., Shardell, M.D., Terrin, M.L., Barr, E.A., Ballew, S.H., & Gruber-Baldini, A.L. 2011. Cluster-Randomized Trial of a Mobile Phone Personalized Behavioral Intervention for Blood Glucose Control. Diabetes Care, 34(9): 1934-1942.
Qurratuaeni. 2010. Faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan terkendalinya kadar gula darah pada pasien diabetes melitus di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta tahun 2009. Jakarta: UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Rochana, R.N. 2009. Evaluasi kepatuhan pasien pengobatan obat hipoglikemik oral bagi penderita diabetes mellitus tipe 2 pada pasien rawat jalan di RSUD.dr. Moewardi Surakarta. Master Thesis. Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Rosland, M.H., & Piette, J.D. 2012. The Impact of Family Behaviors and Communication Patterns on Chronic Illness Outcomes: A Systematic Review. J Behav Med, 35(2): 221–239.
Rosyida, L., Priyandani, Y., Sulistyarini, A., & Yunita. 2015. Kepatuhan Pasien pada Penggunaan Obat Anti Diabetes dengan Metode Pill-Count dan MMAS-8 di Puskesmas Kedurus Surabaya. Jurnal Farmasi Komunitas, 2(2): 36-41
Roux, M., Walsh, C., Reid, M., & Raubenheimer, J. 2018. Diabetes-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of Adult Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Free State Province, South Africa. South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2(8).
Shugang, L., Guo., S, He, F., Zhang, M., He, J., Yan, Y., Ding, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, J., Guo, H., Xu, S., & Ma, R. 2015. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Fasting Glucose, Associated with Risk Factors in Rural Kazakh Adults in Xinjiang, China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 12: 554-565.
Zahra, Dewi, & Miftakhurrahman. 2016. Gambaran Pelayanan Konseling Gizi pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Puskesmas Jatinangor Tahun 2015. JSK, 1(4) : 186-192.