Bio-concentration of Copper in the Oreochromis mossambicus and Safe Level of Consumption
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Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a heavy metal that is absorbed by organisms, such as Oreochromis mossambicus fish. This research aims to measure the bio-concentration of Cu in Oreochromis mossambicus and to predict the daily consumption of the fish. Samples of Oreochromis mossambicus fish were obtained from fishermen and collectors. The Cu concentration in the water and 30 fish was identified using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. Questionnaires were employed to identify the demographic data of 101 respondents. The average concentration of Cu in the Oreochromis mossambicus fish and Rawapening Lake's water was 0.063 mg/l and 0.6 mg/kg, respectively. Furthermore, the bio-concentration of Cu in the Oreochromis mossambicus fish was 10.26±5.17 and categorized as low, while the average daily consumption of fish was 225±36.89 g/day. Therefore, it was concluded that the average bio-concentration and the daily consumption of the fish are in the low and safe category respectively.
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How to Cite
Budiyono, B., Rosahada, A., & Dewanti, N. (2021). Bio-concentration of Copper in the Oreochromis mossambicus and Safe Level of Consumption. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 10(1), 86-93. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v10i1.37786
References
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Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2004. Toxicology Profile for Copper. USA: Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp132.pdf
Ali, H., Khan, E. & Ilahi, I. 2019. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry, 2019(Cd). doi: 10.1155/2019/6730305. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jchem/2019/6730305/
Alkan, A., Alkan, N. & Akbaş, U. 2016. The factors affecting heavy metal levels in the muscle tissues of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus). Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22 (3): 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001393
Aonghusa, C. N. & Gray, N. F. 2002. Laundry Detergents as a Source of Heavy Metals in Irish Domestic Wastewater. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 37 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-100108477
Araya, M., Olivares, M. & Pizarro, F. 2007. Copper in Human Health. International Journal of Environment and Health, 1 (4): 608–620. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJENVH.2007.018578
Arnot, J. A. & Gobas, F. A. P. C. 2006. A Review of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) Assessments for Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Organisms. Environmental Reviews, 14 (4): 257–297. https://doi.org/10.1139/A06-005
Bartram, J. & Ballance, R. 1996. Water Quality Monitoring - A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes. WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41851
Dobrochna, A., Jerzy, S., Teresa, O., Magda, F., Malgorzata, R., Yuichiro, M., Kacper, M. 2018. Effect of copper and silver nanoparticles on trunk muscles in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18 (6): 781-788. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_6_04
Gentscheva, G., Petrov, A., Ivanova, E., & Havezov, I. 2012. Flame AAS Determination of Trace Amounts of Cu, Ni, Co, Cd and Pd in Waters After Preconcentration with 2-Nitroso-1-Naphthol. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 44 (1): 52–56. http://bcc.bas.bg/BCC_Volumes/Volume_44_Number_1_2012/Volume_44_Number_1_2012_PDF/BCC-44-1-2012_7.pdf
Hullebusch, E. V., Auvray, F., Bordas, F., Deluchat, V., Chazal, P. M., & Baudu, M. 2003. Role of Organic Matter in Copper Mobility in a Polymictic Lake Following Copper Sulfate Treatment (Courtille Lake, France). Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 24 (6): 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330309385615
Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B., & Beeregowda, K.N. 2014. Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7 (2): 60–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009
Jezierska, B. & Witeska, M. 2007. The Metal Uptake and Accumulation in Fish Living in Polluted Waters. Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation. NATO Science Series, 69. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4728-2_6
Licona, V. & Negrete, M. 2019. Mercury, Methylmercury and Other Heavy Metals in Fish in Colombia: Risk from Ingestion. Acta Biologica Colombiana, 24 (2): 232-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v24n2.74128
Kiaune, L. & Singhasemanon, N. 2011. Pesticidal Copper (I) Oxide: Environmental Fate and Aquatic Toxicity. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 213: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9860-6_1
Kojuncu, Ã., Bundalevska, J.M., Ay, U., Cundeva, K., Stafilov, T. & Akcin, G. 2010. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, and T1 Traces in Seawater Following Flotation Separation. Separation Science and Technology, 39 (11): 2751–2765. https://doi.org/10.1081/SS-200026751
Kuehne, S. et al. 2017. The Use of Copper Pesticides in Germany and the Search for Minimization and Replacement Strategies. Organic Farming, 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.12924/of2017.03010066
Lee, J. S., Chon, H. T. & Kim, K. W. 2005. Human Risk Assessment of As, Cd, Cu and Zn in the Abandoned Metal Mine Site. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27(2): 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-0131-6
Lemos, V. A., Santos, M.S., Santos, M.J.S., Vieira, D.R. & Novaes, C.G. 2007. Determination of Copper in Water Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Cloud Point Extraction. Mikrochimica Acta, 157 (3–4): 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-006-0652-4
Liu, T.F., Sun, C., Ta, N., Hong, J., Yang, S., Chen, Chuan-xiang. 2007. Effect of Copper on the Degradation of Pesticides Cypermethrin and Cyhalothrin. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19 (10): 1235-1238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60201-0
Louis, Y. et al. 2009. Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Copper-Dissolved Organic Matter Complexation in Water Column of the Stratified Krka River Estuary (Croatia). Marine Chemistry, 114 (3–4): 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.04.006
Hidayah, A.M., Purwanto, & Soeprobowati, T.R. 2012. Kandungan Logam Berat Pada Air, Sedimen dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) di Karamba Danau Rawapening. Presented in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. Semarang, 11 September 2012. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/37620/1/015-Anny.pdf
Malhi, S. S. & Karamanos, R. E. 2006. A Review of Copper Fertilizer Management for Optimum Yield and Quality of Crops in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 86 (3): 605–619. https://doi.org/10.4141/P05-148
Miller, I. S., Petukhov, V. L., Korotkevich, O. S., Korotkova, G. N. & I. S. Konovalov. 2013. Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Muscles of Zander from Novosibirsk Water Basin. E3S Web of Conferences, 1: 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130111007
Mukhtasor. 2007. Pencemaran Pesisir dan Laut. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=39386
Norell, R. J. 2005. The Wisconsin System for Evaluating Corn Silage. Proceedings of the 2005 Idaho Alfalfa and Forage Conference, (February): 44–51.
Okpashi, V.E., Ogugua, V.N., Ubani, C.S., & Juliet, N.O. 2018. An Evaluation of Contaminant Body Burdens in Selected Fish Species: Associating Toxicity to Upgrade the Hazard Assessment. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(2), pp.171-177. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Victor_Okpashi/publication/325882534_An_evaluation_of_contaminant_body_burdens_in_selected_fish_species_Associating_toxicity_to_upgrade_the_hazard_assessment/links/5cf71179a6fdcc84750639ef/An-evaluation-of-contaminant-body-burdens-in-selected-fish-species-Associating-toxicity-to-upgrade-the-hazard-assessment.pdf
Panagos, P. et al. 2018. Potential Sources of Anthropogenic Copper Inputs to European Agricultural Soils. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10 (7): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072380.
Piranti, A.S., Rahayu, D. R. U. S., & Waluyo, G. 2018. Evaluasi Status Mutu Air Danau Rawa Pening. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 8 (2): 151-160. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.8.2.151-160
Santarossa, M. A. da S., Tintor, D.G., Dourado, T. de A., Jotta, C.A.D., Menegario, A.A., & Ferreira, J.R. 2018. Copper and Cadmium Accumulation in Gills and Muscular Tissue of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Under Experimental Conditions. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 44 (3): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.332
Taylor, A. A. et al. 2020. Critical Review of Exposure and Effects: Implications for Setting Regulatory Health Criteria for Ingested Copper. Journal of Environmental Management, 65 (1): 131–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01234-y
Tunçsoy, M. & Erdem, C. 2014. Accumulation of Copper, Zinc and Cadmium in Liver, Gill and Muscle Tissues of Oreochromis Niloticus Exposed to these Metals Separately and in Mixture. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23 (5): 1143–1149. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mustafa_Tuncsoy/publication/262423713_Accumulation_of_copper_zinc_and_cadmium_in_liver_gill_and_muscle_tissues_of_Oreochromis_niloticus_exposed_to_these_metals_separately_and_in_mixture/links/0a85e537b647b6131b000000.pdf
WHO. 2000. Copper in Drinking Water, Copper in Drinking Water. New York: The National Academies of Scinces Engineering Medicine. https://doi.org/10.17226/9782
Xu, Y., Yu, W., Ma, Q., & Zhou, H. 2013. Accumulation of Copper and Zinc in Soil and Plant Within Ten-Year Application of Different Pig Manure Rates. Plant, Soil and Environment, 59 (11): 492–499. https://doi.org/10.17221/121/2013-pse
Yi, Y. J. & Zhang, S. H. 2012: The Relationships between Fish Heavy Metal Concentrations and Fish Size in the Upper and Middle Reach of Yangtze River. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 13 (2011): 1699–1707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.163
Zaidi, A.A., Baig, M.B., Muneer, S.E., Hussain, S.M., & Aldosari, F.O. 2019. Farmers’ Level of Knowledge on the Usage of Pesticides and Their Effects on Health and Environment in Northern Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 29 (6): 1718-1732. http://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/Accepted/2019/29-06/32.pdf
Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry. 2010. Guidance for Assessing Chemical Contaminant Data for Use in Fish Advisories. USA: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). https://www.epa.gov/fish-tech/guidance-assessing-chemical-contaminant-data-use-fish-advisories-documents
Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. 2004. Toxicology Profile for Copper. USA: Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp132.pdf
Ali, H., Khan, E. & Ilahi, I. 2019. Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology of Hazardous Heavy Metals: Environmental Persistence, Toxicity, and Bioaccumulation. Journal of Chemistry, 2019(Cd). doi: 10.1155/2019/6730305. https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jchem/2019/6730305/
Alkan, A., Alkan, N. & Akbaş, U. 2016. The factors affecting heavy metal levels in the muscle tissues of whiting (Merlangius merlangus) and red mullet (Mullus barbatus). Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi, 22 (3): 349–359. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000001393
Aonghusa, C. N. & Gray, N. F. 2002. Laundry Detergents as a Source of Heavy Metals in Irish Domestic Wastewater. Journal of Environmental Science and Health - Part A Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering, 37 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1081/ESE-100108477
Araya, M., Olivares, M. & Pizarro, F. 2007. Copper in Human Health. International Journal of Environment and Health, 1 (4): 608–620. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJENVH.2007.018578
Arnot, J. A. & Gobas, F. A. P. C. 2006. A Review of Bioconcentration Factor (BCF) and Bioaccumulation Factor (BAF) Assessments for Organic Chemicals in Aquatic Organisms. Environmental Reviews, 14 (4): 257–297. https://doi.org/10.1139/A06-005
Bartram, J. & Ballance, R. 1996. Water Quality Monitoring - A Practical Guide to the Design and Implementation of Freshwater Quality Studies and Monitoring Programmes. WHO. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41851
Dobrochna, A., Jerzy, S., Teresa, O., Magda, F., Malgorzata, R., Yuichiro, M., Kacper, M. 2018. Effect of copper and silver nanoparticles on trunk muscles in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum, 1792). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 18 (6): 781-788. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v18_6_04
Gentscheva, G., Petrov, A., Ivanova, E., & Havezov, I. 2012. Flame AAS Determination of Trace Amounts of Cu, Ni, Co, Cd and Pd in Waters After Preconcentration with 2-Nitroso-1-Naphthol. Bulgarian Chemical Communications, 44 (1): 52–56. http://bcc.bas.bg/BCC_Volumes/Volume_44_Number_1_2012/Volume_44_Number_1_2012_PDF/BCC-44-1-2012_7.pdf
Hullebusch, E. V., Auvray, F., Bordas, F., Deluchat, V., Chazal, P. M., & Baudu, M. 2003. Role of Organic Matter in Copper Mobility in a Polymictic Lake Following Copper Sulfate Treatment (Courtille Lake, France). Environmental Technology (United Kingdom), 24 (6): 787–796. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330309385615
Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B.B., & Beeregowda, K.N. 2014. Toxicity, Mechanism and Health Effects of Some Heavy Metals. Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7 (2): 60–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009
Jezierska, B. & Witeska, M. 2007. The Metal Uptake and Accumulation in Fish Living in Polluted Waters. Soil and Water Pollution Monitoring, Protection and Remediation. NATO Science Series, 69. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4728-2_6
Licona, V. & Negrete, M. 2019. Mercury, Methylmercury and Other Heavy Metals in Fish in Colombia: Risk from Ingestion. Acta Biologica Colombiana, 24 (2): 232-242. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v24n2.74128
Kiaune, L. & Singhasemanon, N. 2011. Pesticidal Copper (I) Oxide: Environmental Fate and Aquatic Toxicity. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 213: 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9860-6_1
Kojuncu, Ã., Bundalevska, J.M., Ay, U., Cundeva, K., Stafilov, T. & Akcin, G. 2010. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Determination of Cd, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, and T1 Traces in Seawater Following Flotation Separation. Separation Science and Technology, 39 (11): 2751–2765. https://doi.org/10.1081/SS-200026751
Kuehne, S. et al. 2017. The Use of Copper Pesticides in Germany and the Search for Minimization and Replacement Strategies. Organic Farming, 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.12924/of2017.03010066
Lee, J. S., Chon, H. T. & Kim, K. W. 2005. Human Risk Assessment of As, Cd, Cu and Zn in the Abandoned Metal Mine Site. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 27(2): 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-005-0131-6
Lemos, V. A., Santos, M.S., Santos, M.J.S., Vieira, D.R. & Novaes, C.G. 2007. Determination of Copper in Water Samples by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry After Cloud Point Extraction. Mikrochimica Acta, 157 (3–4): 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-006-0652-4
Liu, T.F., Sun, C., Ta, N., Hong, J., Yang, S., Chen, Chuan-xiang. 2007. Effect of Copper on the Degradation of Pesticides Cypermethrin and Cyhalothrin. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 19 (10): 1235-1238. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(07)60201-0
Louis, Y. et al. 2009. Kinetic and Equilibrium Studies of Copper-Dissolved Organic Matter Complexation in Water Column of the Stratified Krka River Estuary (Croatia). Marine Chemistry, 114 (3–4): 110–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.04.006
Hidayah, A.M., Purwanto, & Soeprobowati, T.R. 2012. Kandungan Logam Berat Pada Air, Sedimen dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus Linn.) di Karamba Danau Rawapening. Presented in Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. Semarang, 11 September 2012. http://eprints.undip.ac.id/37620/1/015-Anny.pdf
Malhi, S. S. & Karamanos, R. E. 2006. A Review of Copper Fertilizer Management for Optimum Yield and Quality of Crops in the Canadian Prairie Provinces. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 86 (3): 605–619. https://doi.org/10.4141/P05-148
Miller, I. S., Petukhov, V. L., Korotkevich, O. S., Korotkova, G. N. & I. S. Konovalov. 2013. Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Muscles of Zander from Novosibirsk Water Basin. E3S Web of Conferences, 1: 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20130111007
Mukhtasor. 2007. Pencemaran Pesisir dan Laut. Jakarta: Pradnya Paramita. https://opac.perpusnas.go.id/DetailOpac.aspx?id=39386
Norell, R. J. 2005. The Wisconsin System for Evaluating Corn Silage. Proceedings of the 2005 Idaho Alfalfa and Forage Conference, (February): 44–51.
Okpashi, V.E., Ogugua, V.N., Ubani, C.S., & Juliet, N.O. 2018. An Evaluation of Contaminant Body Burdens in Selected Fish Species: Associating Toxicity to Upgrade the Hazard Assessment. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11(2), pp.171-177. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Victor_Okpashi/publication/325882534_An_evaluation_of_contaminant_body_burdens_in_selected_fish_species_Associating_toxicity_to_upgrade_the_hazard_assessment/links/5cf71179a6fdcc84750639ef/An-evaluation-of-contaminant-body-burdens-in-selected-fish-species-Associating-toxicity-to-upgrade-the-hazard-assessment.pdf
Panagos, P. et al. 2018. Potential Sources of Anthropogenic Copper Inputs to European Agricultural Soils. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10 (7): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072380.
Piranti, A.S., Rahayu, D. R. U. S., & Waluyo, G. 2018. Evaluasi Status Mutu Air Danau Rawa Pening. Jurnal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan, 8 (2): 151-160. https://doi.org/10.29244/jpsl.8.2.151-160
Santarossa, M. A. da S., Tintor, D.G., Dourado, T. de A., Jotta, C.A.D., Menegario, A.A., & Ferreira, J.R. 2018. Copper and Cadmium Accumulation in Gills and Muscular Tissue of Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Under Experimental Conditions. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 44 (3): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.332
Taylor, A. A. et al. 2020. Critical Review of Exposure and Effects: Implications for Setting Regulatory Health Criteria for Ingested Copper. Journal of Environmental Management, 65 (1): 131–159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-019-01234-y
Tunçsoy, M. & Erdem, C. 2014. Accumulation of Copper, Zinc and Cadmium in Liver, Gill and Muscle Tissues of Oreochromis Niloticus Exposed to these Metals Separately and in Mixture. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 23 (5): 1143–1149. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Mustafa_Tuncsoy/publication/262423713_Accumulation_of_copper_zinc_and_cadmium_in_liver_gill_and_muscle_tissues_of_Oreochromis_niloticus_exposed_to_these_metals_separately_and_in_mixture/links/0a85e537b647b6131b000000.pdf
WHO. 2000. Copper in Drinking Water, Copper in Drinking Water. New York: The National Academies of Scinces Engineering Medicine. https://doi.org/10.17226/9782
Xu, Y., Yu, W., Ma, Q., & Zhou, H. 2013. Accumulation of Copper and Zinc in Soil and Plant Within Ten-Year Application of Different Pig Manure Rates. Plant, Soil and Environment, 59 (11): 492–499. https://doi.org/10.17221/121/2013-pse
Yi, Y. J. & Zhang, S. H. 2012: The Relationships between Fish Heavy Metal Concentrations and Fish Size in the Upper and Middle Reach of Yangtze River. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 13 (2011): 1699–1707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2012.01.163
Zaidi, A.A., Baig, M.B., Muneer, S.E., Hussain, S.M., & Aldosari, F.O. 2019. Farmers’ Level of Knowledge on the Usage of Pesticides and Their Effects on Health and Environment in Northern Pakistan. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 29 (6): 1718-1732. http://www.thejaps.org.pk/docs/Accepted/2019/29-06/32.pdf