Literature Review: Risk of Death in Covid-19 Patients
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.main##
Abstract
Covid-19 is a contagious pulmonary infectious disease caused by a new type of coronavirus (SARS-COV-2). Covid-19 is a global pandemic that has infected millions of people and killed thousands of people in the world. Cases of death in Covid-19 patients were first discovered in China in December 2019. In Indonesia, since it was first discovered, cases of death of Covid-19 patients continue to increase and has become one of the countries with the highest fatality rate in the world reaching 9.11 percent. The purpose of this study is to determine risk factors for death in covid-19 patients in China in order to get guidance in preventing death in Covid-19 patients in Indonesia. This type of research is a literature review. The results of the study found five risk factors for death in Covid-19 patients, namely age, Covid-19 complications, the immune system (immunity), concomitant diseases (cormobidity), and treatment facilities. Suggestions of various risk factors for death in Covid-19 patients in China are expected to be a guide in efforts to prevent death in Covid-19 patients that occur in Indonesia.
##plugins.themes.academic_pro.article.details##
How to Cite
Israfil, I., Wiliyanarti, P. F., & Selasa, P. (2020). Literature Review: Risk of Death in Covid-19 Patients. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 9(2), 141-147. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v9i2.38121
References
Cao, Y., Liu, X., Xiong, L., & Cai, K. 2020. Imaging and Clinical Features of Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical Virology 2020: 1-11.
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. 2020. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study. The Lancet, 395 (10223): 507-513.
Chen, W., Lan, Y., Yuan, X., Deng, X., Li, Y., Cai, X., Li, L., He, R., Tan, Y., Deng, X., Gao, M., Tang, G., Zhao, L., Wang, J., Fan, Q., Wen, C., Tong, Y., Tang, Y., Hu, F., Li, F., & Tang, X. 2020. Detectable 2019-nCoV Viral RNA in Blood is A Strong Indicator for the Further Clinical Severity. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 9 (1): 469-473.
Deng, Y., Liu, W., Liu, K., Fang, Y. Y., Shang, J., Zhou, L., Wang, K., Leng, F., Wei, S., Chen, L., & Liu, H. G. 2020. Clinical Characteristics of Fatal and Recovered Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study. Chinese Medical Journal, 133 (11): 1261-1267.
Du, R.H., Liang, L.R., Yang, C.Q., Wang, W., Cao, T.Z., Li, M., Guo, G.Y., Du, J., Zheng, C.L., Zhu, Q., Hu, M., Li, X.Y., Peng, P., & Shi, H.Z. 2020. Predictors of Mortality for Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study. European Respiratory Journal, 55 (5) 2000524: 1-8.
Fang, L., Karakiulakis, G., & Roth, M. 2020. Are Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus at Increased Risk for COVID-19 Infection?. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (4): e21.
Ganong, W.F. & McPhee, S.J. 2010. Pathophysiology of Disease; Introduction to Clinical Medicine. Jakarta: EGC.
Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei C., Hui, D. S. C., Du, B., Li, L., et. al. 2020. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine 2020, 382: 1708-1720
Han, Q., Lin, Q., Jin, S., & You, L. 2020. Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A Brief Perspective from the Front Line. Journal of Infection, 80 (4): 373-377.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J., & Cao, B. 2020. Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395 (10223): 497-506.
Ji, Y., Ma, Z., Peppenlenbosch, M.P., & Pan, Q. 2020. Potential Association between COVID-19 Mortality and Health-Care Resource Availability. The Lancet Global Health, 8 (4): e480.
Leung, C. 2020. Clinical Features of Deaths in the Novel Coronavirus Epidemic in China. Journal of Medical Virology, 30: e2103
Liu, K., Fang, Y. Y., Deng, Y., Liu, W., Wang, M. F., Ma, J. P., Xiao, W., Wang, Y. N., Zhong, M. H., Li, C. H., Li, G. C., & Liu, H. G. 2020. Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Cases in Tertiary Hospitals in Hubei Province. Chinese Medical Journal, 133 (9): 1025-1031.
Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia. 2020. Pneumonia Covid-19: Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia.
Wang, W., Tang, J., & Wei, F. 2020. Updated Understanding of the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (201-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. Journal Of Medical Virology, 92: 441-447.
Wu, C., Chen, X., Cai, Y., et al. 2020. Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180 (7): 934-943.
Wu, J. T., Leung, K., Bushman, M., Kishore, N., Niehus, R., de Salazar, P. M., Cowling, B. J., Lipsitch, M., & Leung, G. M. 2020. Estimating Clinical Severity of COVID-19 from the Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China. Nature Medicine, 26: 506-510.
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., Yu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, S., Zou, X., Yuan, S., & Shang, Y. 2020. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (5): 475-481.
Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., Guan, L., Wei, Y., Li, H., Wu, X., Xu, J., Tu, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., & Cao, B. 2020. Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Mortality of Adult Inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Lancet, 395 (10229): 1054-1062.
Zhou, P., Huang, Z., Xiao, Y., Huang, X., & Fan, X. G. 2020. Protecting Chinese Healthcare Workers While Combating the 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 41 (6): 745-746.
Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., Qiu, Y., Wang, J., Liu, Y., Wei, Y., Xia, J., Yu, T., Zhang, X., & Zhang, L. 2020. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study. The Lancet, 395 (10223): 507-513.
Chen, W., Lan, Y., Yuan, X., Deng, X., Li, Y., Cai, X., Li, L., He, R., Tan, Y., Deng, X., Gao, M., Tang, G., Zhao, L., Wang, J., Fan, Q., Wen, C., Tong, Y., Tang, Y., Hu, F., Li, F., & Tang, X. 2020. Detectable 2019-nCoV Viral RNA in Blood is A Strong Indicator for the Further Clinical Severity. Emerging Microbes and Infections, 9 (1): 469-473.
Deng, Y., Liu, W., Liu, K., Fang, Y. Y., Shang, J., Zhou, L., Wang, K., Leng, F., Wei, S., Chen, L., & Liu, H. G. 2020. Clinical Characteristics of Fatal and Recovered Cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Study. Chinese Medical Journal, 133 (11): 1261-1267.
Du, R.H., Liang, L.R., Yang, C.Q., Wang, W., Cao, T.Z., Li, M., Guo, G.Y., Du, J., Zheng, C.L., Zhu, Q., Hu, M., Li, X.Y., Peng, P., & Shi, H.Z. 2020. Predictors of Mortality for Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Caused by SARS-CoV-2: A Prospective Cohort Study. European Respiratory Journal, 55 (5) 2000524: 1-8.
Fang, L., Karakiulakis, G., & Roth, M. 2020. Are Patients with Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus at Increased Risk for COVID-19 Infection?. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (4): e21.
Ganong, W.F. & McPhee, S.J. 2010. Pathophysiology of Disease; Introduction to Clinical Medicine. Jakarta: EGC.
Guan, W., Ni, Z., Hu, Y., Liang, W., Ou, C., He, J., Liu, L., Shan, H., Lei C., Hui, D. S. C., Du, B., Li, L., et. al. 2020. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. The New England Journal of Medicine 2020, 382: 1708-1720
Han, Q., Lin, Q., Jin, S., & You, L. 2020. Coronavirus 2019-nCoV: A Brief Perspective from the Front Line. Journal of Infection, 80 (4): 373-377.
Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., Xu, J., Gu, X., Cheng, Z., Yu, T., Xia, J., Wei, Y., Wu, W., Xie, X., Yin, W., Li, H., Liu, M., Xiao, Y., Gao, H., Guo, L., Xie, J., Wang, G., Jiang, R., Gao, Z., Jin, Q., Wang, J., & Cao, B. 2020. Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The Lancet, 395 (10223): 497-506.
Ji, Y., Ma, Z., Peppenlenbosch, M.P., & Pan, Q. 2020. Potential Association between COVID-19 Mortality and Health-Care Resource Availability. The Lancet Global Health, 8 (4): e480.
Leung, C. 2020. Clinical Features of Deaths in the Novel Coronavirus Epidemic in China. Journal of Medical Virology, 30: e2103
Liu, K., Fang, Y. Y., Deng, Y., Liu, W., Wang, M. F., Ma, J. P., Xiao, W., Wang, Y. N., Zhong, M. H., Li, C. H., Li, G. C., & Liu, H. G. 2020. Clinical Characteristics of Novel Coronavirus Cases in Tertiary Hospitals in Hubei Province. Chinese Medical Journal, 133 (9): 1025-1031.
Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia. 2020. Pneumonia Covid-19: Diagnosis dan Penatalaksanaan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia.
Wang, W., Tang, J., & Wei, F. 2020. Updated Understanding of the Outbreak of 2019 Novel Coronavirus (201-nCoV) in Wuhan, China. Journal Of Medical Virology, 92: 441-447.
Wu, C., Chen, X., Cai, Y., et al. 2020. Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Internal Medicine, 180 (7): 934-943.
Wu, J. T., Leung, K., Bushman, M., Kishore, N., Niehus, R., de Salazar, P. M., Cowling, B. J., Lipsitch, M., & Leung, G. M. 2020. Estimating Clinical Severity of COVID-19 from the Transmission Dynamics in Wuhan, China. Nature Medicine, 26: 506-510.
Yang, X., Yu, Y., Xu, J., Shu, H., Xia, J., Liu, H., Wu, Y., Zhang, L., Yu, Z., Fang, M., Yu, T., Wang, Y., Pan, S., Zou, X., Yuan, S., & Shang, Y. 2020. Clinical Course and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients with SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Single-Centered, Retrospective, Observational Study. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8 (5): 475-481.
Zhou, F., Yu, T., Du, R., Fan, G., Liu, Y., Liu, Z., Xiang, J., Wang, Y., Song, B., Gu, X., Guan, L., Wei, Y., Li, H., Wu, X., Xu, J., Tu, S., Zhang, Y., Chen, H., & Cao, B. 2020. Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Mortality of Adult Inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study. The Lancet, 395 (10229): 1054-1062.
Zhou, P., Huang, Z., Xiao, Y., Huang, X., & Fan, X. G. 2020. Protecting Chinese Healthcare Workers While Combating the 2019 Novel Coronavirus. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 41 (6): 745-746.