Technical Intelligence and Security Management within the Nigerian Territorial Waters: The Nigerian Navy Challenge Security Law, Water and Marine Law
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Published
Apr 30, 2022
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Abstract
With the world becoming a more volatile place and certainly high - threat environments becoming too far and dangerous to send personnel, the insufficiency of human intelligence has placed a greater stress on technical aids in gathering intelligence. Technology has allowed the acquisition of intelligence to rely less on human intelligence. The progeny of modern day equipment - both offensive and defensive has made provision for myriad levels in intelligence gathering. The Gulf of Guinea Basin countries rely heavily on their maritime sector for greater per cent of their exports and imports. The Gulf of Guinea is strategic to the development of West African countries and has been characterized by various maritime crimes, thus the need for technical intelligence and surveillance measures by basin countries to enhance the security of the region. Nigeria is a strategic stakeholder in the maritime security around the Gulf of Guinea with her Navy and Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency as the lead agencies responsible for her maritime security and safety. This work discusses the various leverage and the challenges of modern surveillance equipment to aid the achievement of securing the Nigerian maritime environment by the Nigerian Navy as well as her involvement in several internal security operations in Nigeria.
Article Details
How to Cite
Nte, N. D., Enoke, B. K., & Abubakar, I. (2022). Technical Intelligence and Security Management within the Nigerian Territorial Waters: The Nigerian Navy Challenge. Unnes Law Journal, 8(1), 179-206. https://doi.org/10.15294/ulj.v8i1.56453
Section
Research Article
References
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American Maritime Safety & Security Agency (AMSSA). “Maritime Organisation for West and Central Africa (MOWCA)”, 2008. Retrieved from http://www.amssa.net/
Anyimadu, Adjoa. “Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea: Lessons Learned from the Indian Ocean”, CATHAM HOUSE AFRICON (July, 2013). Retrieved from https://www.chathamhouse.org/sites/default/files/public/Research/Africa/0713pp_maritimesecurity_0.pdf
Berridge, G. R. Diplomacy: Theory and Practice. (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
Biziouras, Nikolaos. “Piracy, State Capacity and Root Causes”. African Security Review 22, No. 3 (2013): No. 111-122. https://doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2013.790318
Blombaum, C. “Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea: Is Nigeria Always to Blame?” Guardian Global Resources, (December 11, 2014). Retrieved from https://guardianglobalresourceswestafrica.wordpress.com/2014/12/11/piracy-in-the-gulf-of-guinea-is-nigeria-always-to-blame/
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Dirk, S. “OBANGAME EXPRESS 2014: Together. Forward. Slowly”, Centre for International Maritime Security 23 May (2014).
Fonkoua, Mbah. “The Multinational Centre of Coordination Zone D”. Power Point AMSSA, (2016). Retrieved from http://amssa.net/actions/documents/MultinationalCoordinationCenter-ChiefofCenter.pdf
France Diplomatie. “G7 Friends of the Gulf of Guinea” (Accra, 3-4 December 2014).
Franke, S. “Competing Regionalisms in Africa and the Continent’s Emerging Security Architecture”. African Studies Quarterly 9, No. 3 (Spring 2007).
Gilpin, Raymond. “Enhancing Maritime Security in the Gulf of Guinea”. Strategic Insights VI, No. 1 (January 2007). Retrieved from https://hsdl.org/?view&did=468953
Hart, T. “Gulf of Guinea: Two Pirate Tales” Control Risks Report RISKMAP Maritime (2014).
Keenan, S. “U.S. Militarization in Africa: What Anthropologists Should Know About AFRICOM” Anthropology Today 24, No. 5 (2008): 16–20
Kendemeh, E. “Gulf of Guinea Commission Goes Functional”, Cameroon Tribune, 28 August (2006).
Lindskov, J. & Riber, N. “Danish Interests in Regional Security Institutions in East Africa” DIIS REPORT 14 (2013).
Marine Resources Assessment Group (MRAG). “Review of Impacts of Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing on developing countries” Synthesis Report. Marine Resources Assessment Group Ltd, London, UK (2005). Retrieved from https://www.biofund.org.mz/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/1544699608-Reviews-of-Impact.pdf
Markus, A. K. “The impact of technology on intelligence - CDl's”, Paper Defence Intelligence Officers Course - DIOC 3 Aug 03 (2003).
Martini, M. “Illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and corruption” U4 Expert Answers, 5 September (2013).
Montclos, L. “Maritime Piracy in Nigeria: Old Wine in New Bottles?” Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 35 (2012): 531–541.
MOWCA. “Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on the Establishment of a Sub regional Integrated Coast Guard Network in West and Central Africa”, 29-31 July (2008). Retrieved from https://iea.uoregon.edu/treaty-text/4528
Murphy, Martin N. “Petro-piracy: Oil and Troubled Waters” Orbis, 57, No. 3 (2013): 424-437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orbis.2013.05.011
Murphy, Martin N. Security Responses to Piracy in Southeast Asia, West Africa and Somalia. (Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research, 2013).
NOAA. “International Development in West Africa” NOAA Fisheries Project (2015). Retrieved from https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/foreign/international-affairs/fisheries-international-cooperation-projects
Nte, Ngboawaji Daniel & Sotonye Charles. “Africom and the Gulf of Guinea Security Initiative: Strategic Implications for Nigeria”. Mustang Journal of Business and Ethics 4 (2013): 114-133
Okoronkwo, Udensi Lawrence, Etu Ndubuisi Okpara, and Chieke Esther Onyinyechi. “National Security and Maritime Piracy in Nigeria: A Sociological Discourse”. Humanities and Social Sciences Letters 2, No. 1 (2014): 60-71. https://ideas.repec.org/a/pkp/hassle/v2y2014i1p60-71id743.html
Onuoha, F.C. “The geo-strategy of oil in the Gulf of Guinea: Implications for regional Stability” Journal of Asian and African Studies 45, No. 3 (2010): 369–384.
Onuoha, Freedom C. “Piracy and maritime security in the Gulf of Guinea: Trends”.
The Journal of the Middle East and Africa 4, No. 3 (2013): 267-293. https://doi.org/10.1080/21520844.2013.862767
Osei-Tutu, C. “Lowering the Anchor on Maritime Insecurity along the Gulf of Guinea: Lessons from Operation Prosperity” Kofi Annan International Peacekeeping Training Centre, Policy Brief 11 (2013).
Osinowo, A. A. “Combating Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea” Africa Security Brief 30 (2015).
Osinowo, A. A. Combating Piracy in the Gulf of Guinea. (Washington, D.C.: Africa Centre for Strategic Studies, 2015).
Otto Lisa, W. “The Evolution of Maritime Piracy in Nigeria” Portuguese Journal of Social Science 13, No. 3 (2014): 313-329
Palmer, F. (2014). The New Pirates: Modern Piracy from Somalia to the South China Sea. IB Tauris.
Raidt, J., & Smith, K. E. Advancing U.S., African, and Global Interests: Security and Stability in the West African Maritime Domain. (Washington, DC: The Atlantic Council, 2010).
Sartre, P. “Responding to Insecurity in the Gulf of Guinea” New York: International Peace Institute, July, (2014).
Somalia. “ECSSR (Abu Dhabi), Emirates Lecture Series 111 (2013).
Till G. Sea Power: A guide for the Twenty-First Century. (Routledge, Oxon, United Kingdom, 2013).
Uadiale M. Maritime Piracy in Contemporary Africa. In (Ogaba Oche, Bola, 2012)
Ukeje, C. & Mvomo, E. W. African Approaches to Maritime Security – The Gulf of Guinea. (Friedrich Ebert Stiftung, 2013).
Walker, T “Maritime Security. Aiming for long-term solutions” African Security Review 22, No. 2 (2013).
Walker, T. “Africa’s Maritime Security wish list for 2015” Institute for Security Studies, 6 February, (2015).
Walker, T. “Stop Dumping Hazardous Waste on Africa’s Shores” Institute for Security Studies, 1 November, (2011).