Manuscript Guidelines for Journal of Educational Development

 [The title of the paper should be centered on the page, typed in bold 12- point Times New Roman font. Major words should be capitalized, as in the example above].

 Abstract

 The heading “Abstract” should be centered left justified. The abstract is a brief summary of the paper, allowing readers to quickly review the main points and purpose of the paper. It should also contain at least research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. Abbreviations and acronyms used in the paper should be defined in the abstract. The abstract should be between 150-250 words.

 Keywords: Next, authors can list up to five keywords or brief phrases related to the paper.

 Introduction

The introduction should present the problem that the paper addresses. Write with clarity about the issues that the reader must know in order to fully appreciate the rest of the paper. The body of the text should be left justified in 12- point Times New Roman font.

 Methodology

It describes about research design, research site, participants, instruments and procedure

 Results and Discussion

It presents the results of the research that answers the research question. If the discussion consists of main heading and sub-heading, the format is as the following:

 Main Headings

Main headings should be in bold, left justified and in 12-point Times New Roman font.

 Sub-headings

 Sub-headings should be italicized and indented in bold Times New Roman font.

 Table 1. Title of particular table [also the same format for Figures]

 Number all tables sequentially as you refer to them in the text (Table 1, Table 2, etc.), likewise for figures (Figure 1, Figure 2, etc.). Data in a table that would require only two or fewer columns and rows should be presented in the text. More complex data is better presented in tabular format. Figures are visual representations including graphs, charts, and drawing. Language Circle requires both tables and figures to be represented as italicized bold headings followed by a title.

 Block Quotations

When a quotation is more than 40 words in the text, authors are instructed to use block quotation format. The entire quote is indented 10 spaces and the reference follows the punctuation. As Patil (2010) explains:

These problems stem from several reasons such as the nature of the English alphabet, the letter-sound disparity of the English language, and the reverse directionality of the English writing system, as compared to Arabic writing system. These factors lead to bad reading habits like fixation, regression, sub-vocalization, and reverse visualization (p. 19).

 Appendix 2.Recommended APA ‘List of References’ Formats

 The formatting of a List of References

 As a rule Journal of Educational Development applies APA format which prescribes a List of References at the end an academic paper. The List of References section should be indented after the first line. Capitalize the main words in the title of journal articles or books. Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals. All resources cited in the text of a research paper must appear in List of References section, and vice versa. If a resource is not cited in the text, it should not appear in this section, as it would in a bibliography.

References should be listed alphabetically by the last name of the author and entered in hanging style; that is, the first line of the entry should be left justified, with the following lines intended five spaces. If there are two or more entries by the same author, references should be listed by year of publication, starting with the earliest. For each author, the last name should be listed, followed by a comma and the first (and middle) initials, followed by periods. Multiple authors in one reference must be separated with commas and tempers and ('&') rather than the word "and" before the final author. After the author(s) comes the year (in parentheses and followed by a period).

For a journal reference, authors must italicize the title of the journal and the volume number, noting that issue numbers are typically not included. Also the main words of journal articles, book titles and journal names will all be capitalized. Book title and journal names will also be italicized. Book references also require the city, state (as a two-letter abbreviation without periods), and the publisher's name. For a more inclusive list of guidelines on the formatting required for reference list, please refer directly to APA guidelines.

 Books

The citation of books in a list of references should include the main title in italics with the main words capitalized. Any sub-titles are generally not capitalized. The citation of articles from books should first cite the title of the article and then the citation details of the book – including an acknowledgement of that books editor (ed.) or editors (eds.). If the book is a new or revised edition (i.e. Rev. ed.) this information should also be included.

Krashen, S.D. (1982). Principles and Practice in Second Language Acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon.

Naiman, N., Frölich, M., Stern, H.H., & Todesco, A. (1978). The Good Language Learner. Research in Education Series 7, The Ontario Institute for Studies in Education.

Nigh, B. (2007). Language Education Studies (rev. ed.). New York: TESOL Press.

Pratkanis, A.R., Brekler, S.J., O'Malley, J.M., & Chamot, A.U. (1990). Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Watson, M. (2006). The Clash of Language Learning Styles.. In M. Moscovitch (ed.), Second Language Acquisition Styles (pp. 145-172). New York: Cranium Press.

 Journal Articles

When citing journal articles in a list of reference the title of the article should remain non-italicized. The name of the journal is instead italicized. The main words of the primary title should be italicized – but any subtitles are generally not capitalized. The Journal of Educational Development convention is to include a succinct reference to volume, edition, and page numbers (e.g. 19(2), 131-141).

If references are used from regular editions of a journal without an edition number then the date of publication should include the specific date of publication.

 Ramirez, A.G. (1986). Language Learning Strategies Used by Adolescents Studying French in New York Schools, Foreign Language Annals, 19(2), 131-141.

Jin Y. & Yang, H. (2006). The English Proficiency of College and University Students in China. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 19(1), 21-36.

O'Malley, J.M., Chamot, A.U., Stewner-Manzanares, G., Kupper, L., & Russo, R.P. (1985). Learning Strategies Used by Beginning and Intermediate ESL Students, Language Learning, 35(1), 21-46.

Posner, M.I. (1993, October 29). Seeing the Mind. Language, 262, 73-74

 Other Print Sources

Where applicable other print sources should aim to either replicate the format of book and journal references. Where all details cannot be identified then the principle of referencing is to detail where possible information about the author, date of publication, a title, the organizational auspices or authority for publication, and specific information (especially page numbers) where the article can be located. If the individual author or authors cannot be identified then at least the organization responsible if possible. Like the auspices or authority for publication.

Government Document

National Institute of Language Education. (1990). The Training of Language Educators (DHHS Publication No. ADM 90-1679). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.

 Dissertation, Unpublished

Last name, F. N. (Year). Title of dissertation. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Name of Institution, Location.

 Report from a Private Organization

American Language Association. (2000). Language Teaching Guidelines (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

 Conference Proceedings

Schnase, J. L., &Cunnius, E. L. (Eds.). (1995). Proceedings from CSCL '95: The First International Conference on Computer Support for Collaborative Learning. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.

 Electronic Sources

As well as follow the general advice for „other print sources‟, the Journal of Educational Development convention for electronic sources is to generally refer to the online site where an item or article can be accessed – i.e. „Available at URL. Where dating of access is relevant then the reference should be „Retrieved Month, Day, Year from UTL‟. Online academic journals should include the general information as for print journals followed by location online or date retrieved.

 Author, I. (Date).Title of Webpage. Website publisher or organization, Available at URL

Grant, L. (2005). College Students Expected to Load Up on Gadgets. University Archives, Available at http://www.archiveonline .com/tech/products/gear/2005-08-16-college-gadgets_x.htm

Chowdhury, M. (2006, Summer). Students‟ Personality Traits and Academic Performance: A five-factor model perspective. College Quarterly 9(3). Retrieved January 30, 2008 from http://www.senecac .on.ca/quarterly/2006-vol09-num03-summer/chowdhury.html

Author, I. (2007). Brilliant Article. Language Education Online, 16, 1, Available at http://www.LEA.edu/

 Appendix3. Recommended APA ‘Tables and figures’

 According to APA style Tables and Figures have special rules, author should consider the following

• The title of the table should be brief, clear and comprehensive.
• Title is placed above the table NOT below the tables
• The researcher should be consistent in the formatting and vocabulary of all tables when writing a paper.
• The table title should be italicized, but not the table number.
• Number tables in the order they are first mentioned in text. Do not write “the table above” or “the table below.”
• Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of all headings. If a word is a proper noun, however, be sure to capitalize the first letter anyway.
• Each column has a heading
• Standard abbreviations and symbols, such as % or may be used in headings without further explanation.
• If the table is from another source, include a note below the table specifying whether it is from another source or adapted from another source.
• Notes are placed below the table.

For more details please read APA Tables and Figures http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/19/

For Contributors:

Journal of Educational Development recommends a research-based article, and it should not be constructed like those writing a structured thesis or dissertation such as theoretical framework, research question, significance of the study, review of related literature, suggestion, etc.

 Summary of Article Submission Guideline