Dimensions of Water Resources Regulation in Philosophy of Justice and Human Rights Perspective
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Jun 10, 2022
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Abstract
Management of water resources is closely related to the availability of access to clean water for the community and has direct implications for social justice and the fulfillment of basic human rights. However, various arrangements in the management of water resources in Indonesia are considered not in favor of the concept of justice and are more directed towards commercialization and capitalization. This research is intended to examine, analyze, and criticize laws and regulations related to water resources. By consdiering several multidisciplinary aspects in the laws and regulations in the field of water resources, including aspects of justice and human rights, this research also analyzes from the philosophical, legal, and sociological aspects. This research found and emphasize that the concept of Pancasila can be a legal political basis for the state's right to control water resources to be directed so that the management of water resources does not oppress those who are socially and economically weak, or the poor. The availability of water is constant, while the demand for water is increasing in quantity and quality, then what will happen is scarcity. At this stage of water scarcity, the principle of justice becomes very important in water management. Access to water justice is not individual or micro justice, but social or macro justice. Justice to get water as a human right cannot be left to everyone based on a market mechanism, but government intervention to ensure the fulfillment of the right to water, at least is very much needed.
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Rideng, I. W., Wijaya, I. K. K. A., & Saripan, H. (2022). Dimensions of Water Resources Regulation in Philosophy of Justice and Human Rights Perspective. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 7(1), 31-56. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v7i1.53820
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References
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Ochoa-García, Heliodoro, and Stephan Rist. “Water Justice and Integrated Water Resources Management: Constitutionality Processes Favoring Sustainable Water Governance in Mexico.” Human Ecology 46, No. 1 (2018): 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-017-9958-6.
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Pinasang, Dani. “Falsafah Pancasila Sebagai Norma Dasar (Grundnorm) dalam Rangka Pengembanan Sistem Hukum Nasional.” Jurnal Hukum UNSRAT 20, No. 3 (2012): 1–10.
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Rostow, Eugene V. “Book Review: The State and the Rule of Law in a Mixed Economy.” Columbia Law Review 72 (1972): 788-792.
Roth, Dik. 2014. “Environmental Sustainability and Legal Plurality in Irrigation: The Balinese Subak.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 11 (2014): 1–9.
Rouse, Michael J. Institutional Governance and Regulation of Water Services. (IWA Publishing, 2013).
Sabyr, Aisulu et al. “The Role of International Conventions and Covenants in Achieving Economic and Environmental Justice: A Conceptual Review.” Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 22, No. 2 (2019): 1–8.
Salman, Salman. “The Human Right to Water—challenges of Implementation.” In Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, (Cambridge University Press, 2012), pp. 44–46.
Savenije, Hubert H G, and Pieter Van der Zaag. “Integrated Water Resources Management: Concepts and Issues.” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 33, No. 5 (2008): 290–297.
Schulz, Christopher, Julia Martin-Ortega, Klaus Glenk, and Antonio A R Ioris. “The Value Base of Water Governance: A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective.” Ecological Economics 131 (2017): 241–249.
Sembiring, Julius. “Hak Menguasai Negara Atas Sumber Daya Agraria.” BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan 2, No. 2 (2016): 119–132.
Sharma, Sanjay, and Audun Ruud. “On the Path to Sustainability: Integrating Social Dimensions into the Research and Practice of Environmental Management.” Business Strategy and the Environment 12, No. 4 (2003): 205–214.
Shidarta, Bernard Arif. Ilmu Hukum Indonesia: Upaya Pengembangan Ilmu Hukum Sistemik Yang Responsive Terhadap Perubahan Masyarakat. (Yogyakarta: Genta Publisihing, 2013).
South, Nigel. 2014. “Green Criminology Environmental Crime Prevention and the Gaps between Law, Legitimacy and Justice.” Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo 65, No. 4 (2014): 373–381.
Syme, Geoffrey J, Blair E Nancarrow, and Janet A McCreddin. “Defining the Components of Fairness in the Allocation of Water to Environmental and Human Uses.” Journal of environmental management 57, No. 1 (1999): 51–70.
Tremblay, Hugo. “Clash of Paradigms in the Water Sector-Tensions and Synergies between Integrated Water Resources Management and the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development.” Natural Resources Journal 51 (2011).
Tully, Stephen. “A Human Right to Access Water? A Critique of General Comment No. 15.” In Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 345–373.
Wiek, Arnim, and Kelli L Larson. 2012. “Water, People, and Sustainability—a Systems Framework for Analyzing and Assessing Water Governance Regimes.” Water Resources Management 26, No. 11 (2012): 3153–3171.
Asshiddiqie, Jimly, and Muchamad Ali Safa’at. Teori Hans Kelsen Tentang Hukum. (Jakarta: Sekretariat Jenderal dan Kepaniteraan Mahkamah Konstitusi RI, 2006).
Barber, Charles Victor. “The State, the Environment, and Development: The Genesis and Transformation of Social Forestry Policy in New Order Indonesia.” Dissertation (Berkeley: University of California, 1989).
Bond, Patrick, and Jackie Dugard. “Water, Human Rights and Social Conflict: South African Experiences.” Law, Social Justice & Global Development 1 (2008): 1–21.
Chalid, Hamid, and Arief Ainul Yaqin. “Studi Tentang Hukum Air dan Problematika Pemenuhan Hak Asasi Manusia Atas Air di Indonesia.” Jurnal Hukum & Pembangunan 48, No. 2 (2018): 411–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.21143/jhp.vol48.no2.1671
Chotimah, Hidayat Chusnul. “Tata Kelola Keamanan Siber dan Diplomasi Siber Indonesia di Bawah Kelembagaan Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara [Cyber Security Governance and Indonesian Cyber Diplomacy by National Cyber and Encryption Agency].” Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional 10, No. 2 (2019): 113–128. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v10i2.1447
Cooper, J A G, and John McKenna. “Social Justice in Coastal Erosion Management: The Temporal and Spatial Dimensions.” Geoforum 39, No. 1 (2008): 294–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2007.06.007.
De Silva, S Sarath Mathilal. “Linking Human Rights and the Environment.” Daily News (June 2016), retrieved from < https://www.dailynews.lk/2016/06/20/features/85126>
Ding, Yifan, Deshan Tang, Huichao Dai, and Yuhang Wei. “Human-Water Harmony Index: A New Approach to Assess the Human Water Relationship.” Water Resources Management 28, No. 4 (2014): 1061–1077. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11269-014-0534-1.
Elson, Diane. “Gender Justice, Human Rights, and Neo-Liberal Economic Policies.” in Gender Justice, Development and Rights (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2022).
Francillon, Gérard. Bali. Tourism, Culture, Environment. (Denpasar: University of Udayana, 1979).
Giantari, I Gusti Ayu Ketut, Ida Bagus Ketut Surya, Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa, and Ida Bagus Anom Yasa. “Development and Revitalization Strategies for Traditional Markets in Bali.” International Journal of Social Economics 45, No. 7 (2018).
Haas, Michael. International Human Rights: A Comprehensive Introduction. (London: Routledge, 2013).
Harsono, Boedi. Hukum Agraria Indonesia: Sejarah Pembentukan Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria, Isi dan Pelaksanaannya, Jilid 1. (Jakarta: Djambatan, 2005).
Hartwig, Lana D, Sue Jackson, Francis Markham, and Natalie Osborne. “Water Colonialism and Indigenous Water Justice in South-Eastern Australia.” International Journal of Water Resources Development 38, No. 1 (2022): 30–63.
Jeffrey, Paul. 2018. “Distributive Justice, Stability, and Sustainable Water Resources Management.”
Jeffrey, Paul. 2018. “Distributive Justice, Stability, and Sustainable Water Resources Management.” OSF Preprints. February 1. https://doi.org/osf.io/yz7ws.
Lenton, Roberto, and Mike Muller. Integrated Water Resources Management in Practice: Better Water Management for Development. (London: Routledge, 2012).
Maskur, Muhammad Azil. “Kebijakan Pengelolaan Air Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Tentang Undang-Undang Sumber Daya Air.” Jurnal Konstitusi 16, No. 3 (2019): 510–531. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1634.
Mollinga, Peter, and Daphne Gondhalekar. “Finding Structure in Diversity: A Stepwise Small-N/medium-N Qualitative Comparative Analysis Approach for Water Resources Management Research.” Water Alternatives 7, No. 1 (2014): 178–198.
Nadzir, Muhammad. “Prinsip Hukum dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Secara Terpadu dan Berkelanjutan.” Thesis (Surabaya: Universitas Airlangga, 2019).
Nikolakis, William, and R Quentin Grafton. “Law versus Justice: The Strategic Aboriginal Water Reserve in the Northern Territory, Australia.” International Journal of Water Resources Development 38, No. 1 (2022): 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2021.1882406.
Hutagaol, Roro Yunires Saharena. “Efektivitas Pasal 23 Huruf H Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2006 Tentang Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia Terhadap Kepemilikan Kewarganegaraan Ganda Masyarakat Perbatasan Kalimantan Barat dengan Sarawak (Studi Kecamatan Jagoi Babang Kabupaten Bengkayang).” Jurnal Fatwa Hukum 3, No. 1 (2020).
Nugroho, Jati. “Legal Pluralism as a Conflict Resolution Alternative of Law State and Local Wisdom in Water Resources Management Based on Social Justice (Case Study: In the Community of Water User Farmers the Regency of Lumajang East Java Province).” Journal of Law, Policy & Globalization 40 (2015): 86-92.
Ochoa-García, Heliodoro, and Stephan Rist. “Water Justice and Integrated Water Resources Management: Constitutionality Processes Favoring Sustainable Water Governance in Mexico.” Human Ecology 46, No. 1 (2018): 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10745-017-9958-6.
Pahl-Wostl, Claudia, Joyeeta Gupta, and Daniel Petry. “Governance and the Global Water System: A Theoretical Exploration.” Global Governance 14, No. 4 (2008): 419-435. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27800722.
Pinasang, Dani. “Falsafah Pancasila Sebagai Norma Dasar (Grundnorm) dalam Rangka Pengembanan Sistem Hukum Nasional.” Jurnal Hukum UNSRAT 20, No. 3 (2012): 1–10.
Rawls, John. A Theory of Justice (Revised Edition) (Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, 1999).
Rostow, Eugene V. “Book Review: The State and the Rule of Law in a Mixed Economy.” Columbia Law Review 72 (1972): 788-792.
Roth, Dik. 2014. “Environmental Sustainability and Legal Plurality in Irrigation: The Balinese Subak.” Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability 11 (2014): 1–9.
Rouse, Michael J. Institutional Governance and Regulation of Water Services. (IWA Publishing, 2013).
Sabyr, Aisulu et al. “The Role of International Conventions and Covenants in Achieving Economic and Environmental Justice: A Conceptual Review.” Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues 22, No. 2 (2019): 1–8.
Salman, Salman. “The Human Right to Water—challenges of Implementation.” In Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting, (Cambridge University Press, 2012), pp. 44–46.
Savenije, Hubert H G, and Pieter Van der Zaag. “Integrated Water Resources Management: Concepts and Issues.” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C 33, No. 5 (2008): 290–297.
Schulz, Christopher, Julia Martin-Ortega, Klaus Glenk, and Antonio A R Ioris. “The Value Base of Water Governance: A Multi-Disciplinary Perspective.” Ecological Economics 131 (2017): 241–249.
Sembiring, Julius. “Hak Menguasai Negara Atas Sumber Daya Agraria.” BHUMI: Jurnal Agraria dan Pertanahan 2, No. 2 (2016): 119–132.
Sharma, Sanjay, and Audun Ruud. “On the Path to Sustainability: Integrating Social Dimensions into the Research and Practice of Environmental Management.” Business Strategy and the Environment 12, No. 4 (2003): 205–214.
Shidarta, Bernard Arif. Ilmu Hukum Indonesia: Upaya Pengembangan Ilmu Hukum Sistemik Yang Responsive Terhadap Perubahan Masyarakat. (Yogyakarta: Genta Publisihing, 2013).
South, Nigel. 2014. “Green Criminology Environmental Crime Prevention and the Gaps between Law, Legitimacy and Justice.” Revija za kriminalistiko in kriminologijo 65, No. 4 (2014): 373–381.
Syme, Geoffrey J, Blair E Nancarrow, and Janet A McCreddin. “Defining the Components of Fairness in the Allocation of Water to Environmental and Human Uses.” Journal of environmental management 57, No. 1 (1999): 51–70.
Tremblay, Hugo. “Clash of Paradigms in the Water Sector-Tensions and Synergies between Integrated Water Resources Management and the Human Rights-Based Approach to Development.” Natural Resources Journal 51 (2011).
Tully, Stephen. “A Human Right to Access Water? A Critique of General Comment No. 15.” In Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, (London: Routledge, 2017), pp. 345–373.
Wiek, Arnim, and Kelli L Larson. 2012. “Water, People, and Sustainability—a Systems Framework for Analyzing and Assessing Water Governance Regimes.” Water Resources Management 26, No. 11 (2012): 3153–3171.