Defining Indigenous in Indonesia and Its Applicability to the International Legal Framework on Indigenous People’s Rights
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Nov 8, 2023
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Abstract
This paper aims to analyse the concept of indigenous peoples in Indonesia and examines whether the concept is appropriate with an international legal framework. Analysing the concept is essential to legitimising indigenous rights under the international law regime. The discourse on indigenous in Indonesia emerged after the government rejected an international treaty on indigenous rights and was reluctant to adopt the UNDRIP into their national law. The government opposes this by arguing that the concept of indigenous peoples under the international legal framework is inappropriate for the Indonesian context. Consequently, indigenous peoples in Indonesia do not benefit from international norms that have recognised and protected their rights globally. This paper found that the concept of indigenous peoples in Indonesia has similarities and is appropriate to the international instrument (ILO169 and UNDRIP). Thus, ratifying the ILO treaty or adopting the UNDRIP into national law will benefit the indigenous in protecting their fundamental rights, including their collective rights to traditional lands under international norms.
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Fahmi, C., Jihad, A. A., Matsuno, A., Fauzan, F., & Stoll, P.-T. (2023). Defining Indigenous in Indonesia and Its Applicability to the International Legal Framework on Indigenous People’s Rights. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies, 8(2), 1019-1064. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i2.68419
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Research Articles
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Fitzmaurice, Malgosia. ‘The Quetion of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights: A Time for Reappraisal?’ In Statehood and Self-Determination: Reconciling Tradition and Modernity in International Law, edited by Duncan French. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
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ILO, UN. ‘Convention C169 - Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention, 1989 (No. 169)’, 27 June 1989. http://www.ilo.org/dyn/normlex/en/f?p=NORMLEXPUB:12100:0::NO::P12100_ILO_CODE:C169.
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Jemma, Purdey. ‘Anti-Chinee Violence and Transitions in Indonesia: June 1998-October 1999’. In Chinese Indonesians: Remembering, Distorting, Forgetting, edited by Tim Lindsey and Helen Pausacker. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2005.
Jose R. Martinez Cobo. ‘Study of the Problem of Discrimination Against Indigenous Populations’. United Nations Economic and Social Council, 30 July 1981. http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/unpfii/documents/MCS_i_en.pdf.
Kapoor, D., and E. Shizha. Indigenous Knowledge and Learning in Asia/Pacific and Africa: Perspectives on Development, Education, and Culture. United Kingdom: Springer, 2010.
Kimura, Ehito. Political Change and Territoriality in Indonesia: Provincial Proliferation. London & New York: Routledge, 2013.
Klenner, Hermann. ‘Savigny’s Research Program of the Historical School of Law and Its Intellectual Impact in 19th Century Berlin’. The American Journal of Comparative Law 37, no. 1 (1989): 67–80. https://doi.org/10.2307/840441.
La Ode, M. D. Trilogi Pribumisme: Resolusi Konflik Pribumi Dengan Non Pribumi Di Berbagai Belahan Dunia. Jakarta: Komunitas Ilmu Pertahanan Indonesia, 2018.
Lev, Daniel S. ‘Colonial Law and the Genesis of the Indonesian State’, Indonesia’. In Law and Society in East Asia, edited by Christoph Antons, 57–74. London and New York: Routledge, 2017.
Lightfoot, Sheryl. Global Indigenous Politics: A Subtle Revolution. England and New York: Routledge, 2016.
Lucas, Anton, and Carol Warren. Land for the People: The State and Agrarian Conflict in Indonesia. USA: Ohio University Press, 2013.
Lukito, Ratno. Legal Pluralism in Indonesia: Bridging the Unbridgeable. London: Routledge, 2013.
Mahkamah Konstitusi, Ringkasan Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 31/PUU-V/2007, 31/PUU-V/2007 § 3 (2008).
Massier, Ab. The Voice of the Law in Transition: Indonesian Jurists and Their Languages, 1915-2000. Verhandelingen van Het Koninklijk Instituut Voor Taal-, Land- En Volkenkunde 235. Leiden: KITLV Press, 2008.
Matsuno, Akihisa. ‘The 30 September Movement and Its Aftermath in Bali, October - December 1965’. In The Indonesian Genocide of 1965: Causes, Dynamics and Legacies, edited by Katharine McGregor, Jess Melvin, and Annie Pohlman. Germany: Springer, 2018.
Max Gluckman. ‘Adat Law in Indonesia’. Journal of Comparative Legislation and International Law 31, no. 3–4 (1949): 61.
Moniaga, Sandra. ‘Emerging Indigenous Peoples Movement in Indonesia | ヒューライツ大阪’. Asia-Facific Human Rights Information Center, June 2004, 36 edition. https://www.hurights.or.jp/archives/focus/section2/2004/06/emerging-indigenous-peoples-movement-in-indonesia.html.
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Nurlaelawati, Euis. Modernization, Tradition and Identity: The Kompilasi Hukum Islam and Legal Practice in the Indonesian Religious Courts. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2010.
Office, International Labour. ILO Convention on Indigenous and Tribal Peoples, 1989 (No. 169): A Manual. Geneva: International Labour Organization, 2003.
Perera, Jayantha, and Asian Development Bank, eds. Land and Cultural Survival: The Communal Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Asia. Mandaluyong City, Metro Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank, 2009.
Pinto, Paulo Jorge De Sousa. The Portuguese and the Straits of Melaka, 1575-1619: Power, Trade and Diplomacy. Singapore: NUS Press, 2012.
Presiden Republik Indonesia. Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia tentang Warga Negara dan Penduduk Negara, Pub. L. No. No.3 Tahun 1946 (1946). http://www.dpr.go.id/dokjdih/document/uu/816.pdf.
President, Ian Martin Vice, and Alexander Mayer-Rieckh. ‘The United Nations and East Timor: From Self-Determination to State-Building’. International Peacekeeping 12, no. 1 (1 March 2005): 125–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/1353331042000286595.
Purdey, Jemma. Anti-Chinese Violence in Indonesia: 1996 - 99. Hawai: University of Hawaii Press, 2006.
Reid, Anthony. A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
Reid, Anthony. Verandah of Violence: The Background to the Aceh Problem. Singapore: NUS Press, 2006.
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