Mens Rea and State Loses on Corruption Cases: An Analysis of Corruption Court Judgment of Semarang
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Jan 1, 2020
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Abstract
Quality Judges' decisions are decisions that are based on legal considerations according to the facts revealed at the trial, according to the laws and beliefs of the judge without being influenced by various external and internal interventions. The results of this study indicate that the judge in giving the decision still considers the overall elements included in Law No. 31 of 1999 jo. Law No. 20 of 2001 concerning Eradication of Corruption and Amendments to Law Number 31 of 1999 concerning Eradication of Corruption Crime, including elements of the evil spiritual attitude (mens rea). In the case of even being caught, mens rea is still important to prove at the trial stage. Basically, this mens rea becomes an important element to determine the accountability of the perpetrator. However, in cases of corruption, it is often difficult to find mens rea, even though in the examination it indicates that there is a State loss that arises in an event of corruption. The conclusions of this study are the consideration of the judge in giving a decision, always considering the elements of the crime, then things that alleviate, things that are burdensome than the attitude of the defendant including mens rea or malicious intent.
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Kharismadohan, A. (2020). Mens Rea and State Loses on Corruption Cases: An Analysis of Corruption Court Judgment of Semarang. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 1(1), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v1i1.35407
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Research Article
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References
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Batzilis, D. (2019). Electoral Competition and Corruption: Evidence from Municipality Audits in Greece. International Review of Law and Economics, 59(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2019.04.003.
Borsky, S., & Kalkschmied, K. (2019). Corruption in Space: A Closer Look at the World’s Subnations. European Journal of Political Economy, 59(4), 400-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.05.004.
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Branco, M.C., Delgado, C., & Turker, D. (2019). Liability of Foreignness and Anti-Corruption Reporting in an Emerging Market: The Case of Turkish Listed Companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232(1), 118–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.367.
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Choudhury, S. (2019). WTO Membership and Corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 60(December), 101806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.07.004.
Dincer, O., & Teoman, O. (2019). Does Corruption Kill? Evidence from Half a Century Infant Mortality Data. Social Science and Medicine, 232(May), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.017.
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Erum, N., & Hussain, S. (2019). Corruption, Natural Resources and Economic Growth: Evidence from OIC Countries. Resources Policy, 63(June), 101429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101429.
Fitriyaningrum, J., & Arifin, R. (2019). The Regulatory Model for Eradication Corruption in Infrastructure Funding. Varia Justicia, 15(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.31603/variajusticia.v15i1.2421.
Gründler, K., & Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 60 (December), 101810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.08.001.
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Jha, C.K. (2019). Financial Reforms and Corruption: Evidence Using GMM Estimation. International Review of Economics and Finance, 62(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2019.03.003.
Jin, X., Chen, Z., Luo, D. (2019). Anti-Corruption, Political Connections and Corporate Responses: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 57(October), 101198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2019.101198.
Junxia, L. (2019). Investments in the Energy Sector of Central Asia: Corruption Risk and Policy Implications. Energy Policy, 133 (June), 110912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110912.
Kalyuzhnova, Y., & Belitski, M. (2019). The Impact of Corruption and Local Content Policy in on Firm Performance: Evidence from Kazakhstan. Resources Policy 61(January), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.01.016.
Lima, M.S.M., & Delen, D. (2019). Predicting and Explaining Corruption across Countries: A Machine Learning Approach. Government Information Quarterly, 25(1), 101407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101407.
Le Moglie, M., & Turati, G. (2019). Electoral Cycle Bias in the Media Coverage of Corruption News. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 163(1), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.05.005.
Lombardi, R., Trequattrini, R., Cuozzo, B., & Cano-Rubio, M. (2019). Corporate Corruption Prevention, Sustainable Governance and Legislation: First Exploratory Evidence from the Italian Scenario. Journal of Cleaner Production, 217(6) 666–675.
Mazzi, F., Slack, R., Tsalavoutas, I., & Tsoligkas, F. (2019). Country-Level Corruption and Accounting Choice: Research & Development Capitalization under IFRS. British Accounting Review, 51(5), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.02.003.
Mocetti, S. & Orlando, T. (2019). Corruption, Workforce Selection and Mismatch in the Public Sector. European Journal of Political Economy, 60(December), 101809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.07.007.
Nur-tegin, K., & Jakee, K. (2019). Does Corruption Grease or Sand the Wheels of Development? New Results Based on Disaggregated Data. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 35(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.02.001.
Policardo, L., Carrera, E.J.S., & Risso, W.A. (2019). Causality between Income Inequality and Corruption in OECD Countries†World Development Perspectives 14(April), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.013.
Qu, G., Slagter, B., Sylwester, K., & Doiron, K. (2019). Explaining the Standard Errors of Corruption Perception Indices. Journal of Comparative Economics, 47(4), 907-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.07.003.
eichborn-Kjennerud, K., Gonzalez-DÃaz, B., Bracci, E., Carrington, T., Hathaway, J., Jeppesen, K.K., & Steccolini, I. (2019). Sais Work against Corruption in Scandinavian, South-European and African Countries: An Institutional Analysis. The British Accounting Review, 51(5): 100842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.100842.
Rimšaitė, L. (2019). Corruption Risk Mitigation in Energy Sector: Issues and Challenges.†Energy Policy 125(October), 260–266.
Sheng, J., Zhou, W., & Zhang, S. (2019). The Role of the Intensity of Environmental Regulation and Corruption in the Employment of Manufacturing Enterprises: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219(1), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.113.
Sinha, A., Gupta, M., Shahbaz, M., & Sengupta, T. (2019). Impact of Corruption in Public Sector on Environmental Quality: Implications for Sustainability in BRICS and next 11 Countries†Journal of Cleaner Production, 232(6), 1379–1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.066.
Thakur, B.P.S., & Kannadhasan, M. (2019). Corruption and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Emerging Market Economies†Emerging Markets Review, 38(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2018.11.008.
Titeca, K., & Edmond, P. (2019). The Political Economy of Oil in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Corruption and Regime Control. Extractive Industries and Society, 6(2): 542–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.12.003.
Tran, Quoc Trung. 2019. “Corruption, Agency Costs and Dividend Policy: International Evidence.†The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.09.010.
Trifonova Price, L. (2019). Media Corruption and Issues of Journalistic and Institutional Integrity in Post-Communist Countries: The Case of Bulgaria. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 52 (1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.02.005.
Ullah, B. (2019). Financial Constraints, Corruption, and SME Growth in Transition Economies. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 53(June), 25-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.05.009.
Wang, B. & Zheng, Y. (2019). A Model of Tournament Incentives with Corruption.†Journal of Comparative Economics, 47(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.09.003.
Zhang, H. et al. (2019). Anti-Corruption Efforts, Public Perception of Corruption, and Government Credibility in the Field of Real Estate: An Empirical Analysis Based on Twelve Provinces in China.†Cities, 90(March), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.042.
Zhang, J., Quan, S. & Jiang, J. (2019). Corruption and Private Firms’ Survival in Transition Economies: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 57(January), 101339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101339.
Akhbari, R., & Nejati, M. (2019). The Effect of Corruption on Carbon Emissions in Developed and Developing Countries: Empirical Investigation of a Claim. Heliyon, 5(9), e02516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02516.
Arifin, R. (2016). Analisis Hukum Internasional Dalam Perampasan Aset Di Negara Kawasan Asia Tenggara Berdasarkan United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNACA) dan Asean Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty (AMLAT)†Jurnal Penelitian Hukum, 3(1), 37-55.
Arifin, R., Utari, I.S., & Subondo, H. (2016). Upaya Pengembalian Aset Korupsi Yang Berada Di Luar Negeri (Asset Recovery) dalam Penegakan Hukum Pemberantasan Korupsi di Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Criminal Law Studies, 1(1), 105-137.
Bašná, K. (2019). Income Inequality and Level of Corruption in Post-Communist European Countries between 1995 and 2014. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 52(2), 93–104.
Batzilis, D. (2019). Electoral Competition and Corruption: Evidence from Municipality Audits in Greece. International Review of Law and Economics, 59(1), 13–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2019.04.003.
Borsky, S., & Kalkschmied, K. (2019). Corruption in Space: A Closer Look at the World’s Subnations. European Journal of Political Economy, 59(4), 400-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.05.004.
Brada, J. C., rabek, Z., Mendez, J.A., & Perez, M.F. (2019). National Levels of Corruption and Foreign Direct Investment. Journal of Comparative Economics, 47(1), 31–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2018.10.005.
Branco, M.C., Delgado, C., & Turker, D. (2019). Liability of Foreignness and Anti-Corruption Reporting in an Emerging Market: The Case of Turkish Listed Companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 232(1), 118–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.367.
Changwony, F.K, & Paterson, A.S. (2019). Accounting Practice, Fiscal Decentralization and Corruption. British Accounting Review, 51(5), 100834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.04.003.
Choudhury, S. (2019). WTO Membership and Corruption. European Journal of Political Economy, 60(December), 101806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.07.004.
Dincer, O., & Teoman, O. (2019). Does Corruption Kill? Evidence from Half a Century Infant Mortality Data. Social Science and Medicine, 232(May), 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.05.017.
Dong, B., Zhang, Y., & Song, H. (2019). Corruption as a Natural Resource Curse: Evidence from the Chinese Coal Mining. China Economic Review, 57(1), 101314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101314.
Erum, N., & Hussain, S. (2019). Corruption, Natural Resources and Economic Growth: Evidence from OIC Countries. Resources Policy, 63(June), 101429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101429.
Fitriyaningrum, J., & Arifin, R. (2019). The Regulatory Model for Eradication Corruption in Infrastructure Funding. Varia Justicia, 15(1), 36-42. https://doi.org/10.31603/variajusticia.v15i1.2421.
Gründler, K., & Potrafke, N. (2019). Corruption and Economic Growth: New Empirical Evidence. European Journal of Political Economy, 60 (December), 101810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.08.001.
Imam, M. I., Jamasb, T., & Llorca, M. (2019). Sector Reforms and Institutional Corruption: Evidence from Electricity Industry in Sub-Saharan Africa. Energy Policy, 129(February), 532–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.02.043.
Jha, C.K. (2019). Financial Reforms and Corruption: Evidence Using GMM Estimation. International Review of Economics and Finance, 62(1), 66–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2019.03.003.
Jin, X., Chen, Z., Luo, D. (2019). Anti-Corruption, Political Connections and Corporate Responses: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 57(October), 101198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2019.101198.
Junxia, L. (2019). Investments in the Energy Sector of Central Asia: Corruption Risk and Policy Implications. Energy Policy, 133 (June), 110912. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2019.110912.
Kalyuzhnova, Y., & Belitski, M. (2019). The Impact of Corruption and Local Content Policy in on Firm Performance: Evidence from Kazakhstan. Resources Policy 61(January), 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.01.016.
Lima, M.S.M., & Delen, D. (2019). Predicting and Explaining Corruption across Countries: A Machine Learning Approach. Government Information Quarterly, 25(1), 101407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101407.
Le Moglie, M., & Turati, G. (2019). Electoral Cycle Bias in the Media Coverage of Corruption News. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 163(1), 140–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2019.05.005.
Lombardi, R., Trequattrini, R., Cuozzo, B., & Cano-Rubio, M. (2019). Corporate Corruption Prevention, Sustainable Governance and Legislation: First Exploratory Evidence from the Italian Scenario. Journal of Cleaner Production, 217(6) 666–675.
Mazzi, F., Slack, R., Tsalavoutas, I., & Tsoligkas, F. (2019). Country-Level Corruption and Accounting Choice: Research & Development Capitalization under IFRS. British Accounting Review, 51(5), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.02.003.
Mocetti, S. & Orlando, T. (2019). Corruption, Workforce Selection and Mismatch in the Public Sector. European Journal of Political Economy, 60(December), 101809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2019.07.007.
Nur-tegin, K., & Jakee, K. (2019). Does Corruption Grease or Sand the Wheels of Development? New Results Based on Disaggregated Data. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 35(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.02.001.
Policardo, L., Carrera, E.J.S., & Risso, W.A. (2019). Causality between Income Inequality and Corruption in OECD Countries†World Development Perspectives 14(April), 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wdp.2019.02.013.
Qu, G., Slagter, B., Sylwester, K., & Doiron, K. (2019). Explaining the Standard Errors of Corruption Perception Indices. Journal of Comparative Economics, 47(4), 907-920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.07.003.
eichborn-Kjennerud, K., Gonzalez-DÃaz, B., Bracci, E., Carrington, T., Hathaway, J., Jeppesen, K.K., & Steccolini, I. (2019). Sais Work against Corruption in Scandinavian, South-European and African Countries: An Institutional Analysis. The British Accounting Review, 51(5): 100842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2019.100842.
Rimšaitė, L. (2019). Corruption Risk Mitigation in Energy Sector: Issues and Challenges.†Energy Policy 125(October), 260–266.
Sheng, J., Zhou, W., & Zhang, S. (2019). The Role of the Intensity of Environmental Regulation and Corruption in the Employment of Manufacturing Enterprises: Evidence from China. Journal of Cleaner Production, 219(1), 244–257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.113.
Sinha, A., Gupta, M., Shahbaz, M., & Sengupta, T. (2019). Impact of Corruption in Public Sector on Environmental Quality: Implications for Sustainability in BRICS and next 11 Countries†Journal of Cleaner Production, 232(6), 1379–1393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.066.
Thakur, B.P.S., & Kannadhasan, M. (2019). Corruption and Cash Holdings: Evidence from Emerging Market Economies†Emerging Markets Review, 38(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2018.11.008.
Titeca, K., & Edmond, P. (2019). The Political Economy of Oil in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC): Corruption and Regime Control. Extractive Industries and Society, 6(2): 542–551. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2018.12.003.
Tran, Quoc Trung. 2019. “Corruption, Agency Costs and Dividend Policy: International Evidence.†The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.09.010.
Trifonova Price, L. (2019). Media Corruption and Issues of Journalistic and Institutional Integrity in Post-Communist Countries: The Case of Bulgaria. Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 52 (1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.postcomstud.2019.02.005.
Ullah, B. (2019). Financial Constraints, Corruption, and SME Growth in Transition Economies. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 53(June), 25-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.qref.2019.05.009.
Wang, B. & Zheng, Y. (2019). A Model of Tournament Incentives with Corruption.†Journal of Comparative Economics, 47(5), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.09.003.
Zhang, H. et al. (2019). Anti-Corruption Efforts, Public Perception of Corruption, and Government Credibility in the Field of Real Estate: An Empirical Analysis Based on Twelve Provinces in China.†Cities, 90(March), 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2019.01.042.
Zhang, J., Quan, S. & Jiang, J. (2019). Corruption and Private Firms’ Survival in Transition Economies: Evidence from China. China Economic Review, 57(January), 101339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2019.101339.