Urgensi Etnopsikologi dalam Kajian Novel Berbahasa Jawa
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Mar 26, 2022
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Abstract
Penelitian ini merupakan studi pendahuluan untuk mengkaji psikologi Suryomentaram (Suryomentaram, 1985a, 1985b) sebagai teori dalam penelitian novel berbahasa Jawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pemikiran Suryomentaram dengan pemikiran psikologi Barat. Selama ini penelitian psikologi dalam novel Jawa menggunakan teori Sigmund Freud yang mengusung konsep id, ego, dan superego (Milner, 1992). Hasil kajian penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur novel dan gejala psikologis di dalamnya hanya dilihat sebagai struktur pembangun. Novel perlu dipelajari dengan pendekatan psikologi lokal (indigenous psychology) untuk memahami konteks sosial dan budayanya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kelemahan penelitian psikologi novel Jawa selama ini, membandingkan psikologi Suryomentaram dengan teori Barat, yaitu Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, dan Alfred Adler, serta menawarkan psikologi Suryomentaram sebagai pendekatan penelitian novel Jawa. Suryomentaram mengajarkan konsep psikologis yang bersumber dari budaya Jawa.
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References
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Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Third). Sage Publications. http://www.drbrambedkarcollege.ac.in/sites/default/files/research-design-ceil.pdf
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Darminta. (1980). Mawas Diri (Self Examination) A Dialogical Encounter of The Self-Examination of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram Examination of Concience. Intificia Universita Gregoriana.
Dewanto, N. (2020). Kaki Kata. Teroka Press.
Dewi, K. S. (2014). “Sesrawungan”: The Javanese Concept in Parent-child Interactions that Reduce The Negative Effects of Media Exposure on Children’s Behavior. Conference: 5th Asian Association of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology Conference, 5, 1–17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277953927_Sesrawungan_The_Javanese_Concept_in_Parent-child_Interactions_that_Reduce_The_Negative_Effects_of_Media_Exposure_on_Children’s_Behavior
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El-Zastrouw, N. (2020). Menuju Sosiologi Nusantara: Analisa Sosiologis Ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram dan Amanat Galunggung. ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for Study of Islamic History and Culture. https://doi.org/10.47776/islamnusantara.v1i1.46
Endraswara, S. (2008). Metode Penelitian Psikologi Sastra Teori, Langkah, dan Penerapannya. Medpress.
Fikriono, M. (2018). Kawruh Jiwa Warisan Spiritual Ki Ageng Suryomentaram (Cetakan I). Javanica.
Hanum, Z. (2012). Psikologi Kesusastraan Sebuah Pengantar (Cetaka Per). PT Pustaka Mandiri.
Ho, D. Y. F. (1998). Indigenous Psychologies Asian Perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198291005
Hwang, K.-K. (2018). A Global Community Approach to Indigenous Psychology. International Journal of Research Methodology, 2(1), 76–96. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328162500_A_Global_Community_Approach_to_Indigenous_Psychology
Jatman, D. (2021). Psikologi Jawa. Rua Aksara.
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Kim, U., Yg, K.-S., & Hwang, K.-K. (2012). Indigeneous and Cultural Psychology Understanding People in Context. In The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124352
Kumar, S. (2002). Indian Indigenous Concepts and Perspectives: Developments and Future Possibilities. Perspectives on Indigenous Psychology, c, 93–165.
Kuswardani, I. (2009). Ngamuk dan psikoterapi mawas diri Suryomentaram. Psikologika, 14(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol14.iss1.art1
Lazzavietamsi, F. A. (2018). Membangun Jiwa Warga Negara Perspektif Ki Ageng Suryomentaraman di Pondok Pesantren Menara Al Fattah Fandy. Jurnal Moral Kemasyarakatan, 3(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.21067/jmk.v3i2.2910
Lestari, E. (2016). Analisis Psikologi Sastra Novel Rembulan Ndhuwur Blumbang Karya Narko Sodrun Budiman. Jurnal Program Sudi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Jawa_Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, 9(01), 48.
Milner, M. (1992). Freud dan Interpretasi Sastra (Judul asli: Freud et I’interprestation de la litterature). In Apsanti (Ed.), Intermasa. Intermasa.
Minderop, A. (2018). Psikologi Sastra Karya Sastra, Metode, Teori, dan Contoh Kasus. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Nawawi, A. M., Hannase, M., & Safei, A. (2018). Tasawuf Qurani Jawi Ki Ageng Suryomentaram Studi Kawruh Jiwa. Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Keislaman, 2(2), 177–218. https://doi.org/10.36671/mumtaz.v2i2.24
Nikmaturrahmah, N., & Musyafiq, A. (2017). Sufistic Values in Suryomentaram Kawruh Jiwo. Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism, 6(2), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v6i2.3383
Nurhadi. (2002). Filsafat Suryomentaram: Satu Alternatif Analisis Karya Sastra. http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132236129/penelitian/FILSAFAT+SURYOMENTARAM+SATU+ALTERNATIF.pdf
Oktiana, E. (2015). Konflik Psikis pada Tokoh-Tokoh Wanita dalam Novel Kunarpa Tan Bisa Kandha Karangan Suparto Brata (tinjauan psikologi sastra). Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Jawa UMP, 06(04), 53–61. http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php?article=326320&val=616&title=Konflik Psikis pada Tokoh-Tokoh Wanita dalam Novel Kunarpa Tan Bisa Kandha Karangan Suparto Brata (Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra)
Perry, A., & Hammond, N. (2002). Systematic Reviews: The Experiences of a PhD Student. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 2(1), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.2304/plat.2002.2.1.32
Prabaningrum, D. (2018). Happiness Heritage Effect on Keluarga Cemara 1 Novel: Study of The ‘Secukupnya’ Principles of Suryomentaram. Alayasastra, Volume 14, 93–100.
Pratama, F. A. (2020). Kajian Psikologi Sastra dan Nilai Karakter Jujur dan Tanggung Jawab dalam Naskah Semboja Kapugeran Karya Bondan Nusantara serta Relevansinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Jawa di SMP. https://osf.io/rk97c
Pratisti, D. W., & Prihartanti, N. (2012). Konsep Mawas Diri Suryomentaram dengan Regulasi Emosi. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 13(1), 16–29.
Pratiwi, M. W. (2019). Ngoyak Ombak Segara Kidul. Buana Grafika.
Ratna, N. K. (2011). Antropologi Sastra: Peranan Unsur-Unsur Kebudayaan dalam Proses Kreatif. Pustaka Pelajar.
Salamah, U. D. (2016). Ki Ageng Suryomentaram’s Philosophical Views and Its Relevance for Postmodernity. Teosofia, 5(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v5i1.1724
Sarwono, B. (2018). Counseling Junggringan Saintification of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram Teaching An Ideas Toward Indigenous Counseling. GUIDENA, 8(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.24127/gdn.v8i1.1180
Sugiarto, R. (2015). Psikologi Raos: Saintifikasi Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram (First). Pustaka Ifada.
Suryomentaram, K. A. (1985a). Ajaran-Ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram 1 (Jilid I). Inti Idayu Press.
Suryomentaram, K. A. (1985b). Ajaran-Ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram 2 (Jilid I). Inti Idayu Press.
Suseno, F. M. (2001). Etika Jawa Sebuah Analisa Falsafati Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa. Gramedia.
Torgerson, C. J., & Brooks, G. (2006). A Systematic Review of the Research Literature on the Use of Phonics in the Teaching of Reading and Spelling (Issue January). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265619755
Tusngidah, S. R. (2015). Analisis Tokoh Utama dalam Cerita Bersambung Ngoyak Lintang. Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Jawa UMP, 06(04), 29–34.
Wiyatmi. (2011). Psikologi Sastra : Teori dan Aplikasinya (First). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Zustiyantoro, D. (2019). Perempuan dalam Sastra Jawa Populer Kajian Strukturalisme terhadap Cerita Horor di Majalah Panjebar Semangat (Cetakan Pe). CPNS.
Afif, A. (2020). Psikologi Suryomentaram Pedoman Hidup Bahagia ala Jawa. IRCISOD.
Afif, A. (2021). Psikologi Jawa: Proyek Dekolonisasi Pengetahuan Ala Darmanto Jatman. In Psikologi Jawa: Konseptualisasi Kawruh Jiwa Suryomentaram (pp. xii–xv). Rua Aksara.
Bonneff, M. (1993). Ki Ageng Suryomentaraman, Javanese Prince and Philosopher (1892-1962). Indonesia, 57, 49–69. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/3351241
Brereton, P. H. and N. (2009). What is a systematic review? (Second). Hayward Medical. https://doi.org/10.1142/S1793042112501047
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Research Design Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (Third). Sage Publications. http://www.drbrambedkarcollege.ac.in/sites/default/files/research-design-ceil.pdf
Damono, S. D. (1978). Sosiologi Sastra Sebuah Pengantar Ringkas. Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa Depdikbud. http://repositori.kemdikbud.go.id/2385/1/Sosiologi Sastra Sebuah Pengantar Ringkas %281978%29.pdf
Darminta. (1980). Mawas Diri (Self Examination) A Dialogical Encounter of The Self-Examination of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram Examination of Concience. Intificia Universita Gregoriana.
Dewanto, N. (2020). Kaki Kata. Teroka Press.
Dewi, K. S. (2014). “Sesrawungan”: The Javanese Concept in Parent-child Interactions that Reduce The Negative Effects of Media Exposure on Children’s Behavior. Conference: 5th Asian Association of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology Conference, 5, 1–17. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277953927_Sesrawungan_The_Javanese_Concept_in_Parent-child_Interactions_that_Reduce_The_Negative_Effects_of_Media_Exposure_on_Children’s_Behavior
Ediyono, S., Rondli, W. S., Lazzavietamsi, F. A., Ito, A. I., & Rafzan, R. (2018). The Conception of Building an Independent Soul Citizen according to Ki Ageng Suryomentaram. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 251(January 2018), 238–241. https://doi.org/10.2991/acec-18.2018.56
El-Zastrouw, N. (2020). Menuju Sosiologi Nusantara: Analisa Sosiologis Ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram dan Amanat Galunggung. ISLAM NUSANTARA: Journal for Study of Islamic History and Culture. https://doi.org/10.47776/islamnusantara.v1i1.46
Endraswara, S. (2008). Metode Penelitian Psikologi Sastra Teori, Langkah, dan Penerapannya. Medpress.
Fikriono, M. (2018). Kawruh Jiwa Warisan Spiritual Ki Ageng Suryomentaram (Cetakan I). Javanica.
Hanum, Z. (2012). Psikologi Kesusastraan Sebuah Pengantar (Cetaka Per). PT Pustaka Mandiri.
Ho, D. Y. F. (1998). Indigenous Psychologies Asian Perspective. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 29(1), 88–103. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022198291005
Hwang, K.-K. (2018). A Global Community Approach to Indigenous Psychology. International Journal of Research Methodology, 2(1), 76–96. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328162500_A_Global_Community_Approach_to_Indigenous_Psychology
Jatman, D. (2021). Psikologi Jawa. Rua Aksara.
Kim, U., Hwang, K.-K., & Yang, K.-S. (2006). Contributions of Indigenous and Cultural Psychology Understanding People in Context. In Indigenous and Cultural Psychology (Issue September 2018, pp. 0–26). https://doi.org/10.1007/0-387-28662-4
Kim, U., & Park, Y. S. (2012). Development of indigenous psychologies: Understanding people in a global context. In Toward a Global Psychology: Theory, Research, Intervention, and Pedagogy (Issue November, pp. 147–172). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203936320
Kim, U., & Park, Y. S. (2015). Perception of American people, society, and influence psychologieal, social, and cultural analysis of Anti-American sentiments in South Korea. In D. Steinberg (Ed.), Korean Attitudes Toward the United States: Changing Dynamics (Issue January 2005, pp. 247–265). M. E. Sharpe, Inc. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284156948_Perception_of_American_people_society_and_government_Psychological_social_and_cultural_analysis_of_anti-American_sentiments_in_South_Korea
Kim, U., Yg, K.-S., & Hwang, K.-K. (2012). Indigeneous and Cultural Psychology Understanding People in Context. In The Routledge Companion to Philosophy of Law. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203124352
Kumar, S. (2002). Indian Indigenous Concepts and Perspectives: Developments and Future Possibilities. Perspectives on Indigenous Psychology, c, 93–165.
Kuswardani, I. (2009). Ngamuk dan psikoterapi mawas diri Suryomentaram. Psikologika, 14(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol14.iss1.art1
Lazzavietamsi, F. A. (2018). Membangun Jiwa Warga Negara Perspektif Ki Ageng Suryomentaraman di Pondok Pesantren Menara Al Fattah Fandy. Jurnal Moral Kemasyarakatan, 3(2), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.21067/jmk.v3i2.2910
Lestari, E. (2016). Analisis Psikologi Sastra Novel Rembulan Ndhuwur Blumbang Karya Narko Sodrun Budiman. Jurnal Program Sudi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Jawa_Universitas Muhammadiyah Purworejo, 9(01), 48.
Milner, M. (1992). Freud dan Interpretasi Sastra (Judul asli: Freud et I’interprestation de la litterature). In Apsanti (Ed.), Intermasa. Intermasa.
Minderop, A. (2018). Psikologi Sastra Karya Sastra, Metode, Teori, dan Contoh Kasus. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Nawawi, A. M., Hannase, M., & Safei, A. (2018). Tasawuf Qurani Jawi Ki Ageng Suryomentaram Studi Kawruh Jiwa. Mumtaz: Jurnal Studi Al-Qur’an Dan Keislaman, 2(2), 177–218. https://doi.org/10.36671/mumtaz.v2i2.24
Nikmaturrahmah, N., & Musyafiq, A. (2017). Sufistic Values in Suryomentaram Kawruh Jiwo. Teosofia: Indonesian Journal of Islamic Mysticism, 6(2), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v6i2.3383
Nurhadi. (2002). Filsafat Suryomentaram: Satu Alternatif Analisis Karya Sastra. http://staffnew.uny.ac.id/upload/132236129/penelitian/FILSAFAT+SURYOMENTARAM+SATU+ALTERNATIF.pdf
Oktiana, E. (2015). Konflik Psikis pada Tokoh-Tokoh Wanita dalam Novel Kunarpa Tan Bisa Kandha Karangan Suparto Brata (tinjauan psikologi sastra). Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Jawa UMP, 06(04), 53–61. http://download.portalgaruda.org/article.php?article=326320&val=616&title=Konflik Psikis pada Tokoh-Tokoh Wanita dalam Novel Kunarpa Tan Bisa Kandha Karangan Suparto Brata (Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra)
Perry, A., & Hammond, N. (2002). Systematic Reviews: The Experiences of a PhD Student. Psychology Learning & Teaching, 2(1), 32–35. https://doi.org/10.2304/plat.2002.2.1.32
Prabaningrum, D. (2018). Happiness Heritage Effect on Keluarga Cemara 1 Novel: Study of The ‘Secukupnya’ Principles of Suryomentaram. Alayasastra, Volume 14, 93–100.
Pratama, F. A. (2020). Kajian Psikologi Sastra dan Nilai Karakter Jujur dan Tanggung Jawab dalam Naskah Semboja Kapugeran Karya Bondan Nusantara serta Relevansinya sebagai Bahan Ajar Bahasa Jawa di SMP. https://osf.io/rk97c
Pratisti, D. W., & Prihartanti, N. (2012). Konsep Mawas Diri Suryomentaram dengan Regulasi Emosi. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 13(1), 16–29.
Pratiwi, M. W. (2019). Ngoyak Ombak Segara Kidul. Buana Grafika.
Ratna, N. K. (2011). Antropologi Sastra: Peranan Unsur-Unsur Kebudayaan dalam Proses Kreatif. Pustaka Pelajar.
Salamah, U. D. (2016). Ki Ageng Suryomentaram’s Philosophical Views and Its Relevance for Postmodernity. Teosofia, 5(1), 35. https://doi.org/10.21580/tos.v5i1.1724
Sarwono, B. (2018). Counseling Junggringan Saintification of Ki Ageng Suryomentaram Teaching An Ideas Toward Indigenous Counseling. GUIDENA, 8(1), 22–29. https://doi.org/10.24127/gdn.v8i1.1180
Sugiarto, R. (2015). Psikologi Raos: Saintifikasi Kawruh Jiwa Ki Ageng Suryomentaram (First). Pustaka Ifada.
Suryomentaram, K. A. (1985a). Ajaran-Ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram 1 (Jilid I). Inti Idayu Press.
Suryomentaram, K. A. (1985b). Ajaran-Ajaran Ki Ageng Suryomentaram 2 (Jilid I). Inti Idayu Press.
Suseno, F. M. (2001). Etika Jawa Sebuah Analisa Falsafati Kebijaksanaan Hidup Jawa. Gramedia.
Torgerson, C. J., & Brooks, G. (2006). A Systematic Review of the Research Literature on the Use of Phonics in the Teaching of Reading and Spelling (Issue January). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/265619755
Tusngidah, S. R. (2015). Analisis Tokoh Utama dalam Cerita Bersambung Ngoyak Lintang. Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Jawa UMP, 06(04), 29–34.
Wiyatmi. (2011). Psikologi Sastra : Teori dan Aplikasinya (First). Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Zustiyantoro, D. (2019). Perempuan dalam Sastra Jawa Populer Kajian Strukturalisme terhadap Cerita Horor di Majalah Panjebar Semangat (Cetakan Pe). CPNS.