Petanque: Mental Training and Kinesthetic Perception of Shooting Accuracy
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Abstract
This study aims to determine 1) the difference in the effect of mental imagery training with mental autogenic training on shooting accuracy in petanque sports, 2) the effect of kinesthetic perception on shooting accuracy in petanque sports, 3) the interaction between mental training and kinaesthetic perception on shooting accuracy in petanque sports. The research method used is the experimental method. The data was collected using perception tests and shooting accuracy tests, while the instruments used were shooting tests from FIPJP (Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal). Data analysis using ANAVA analysis. The results of this study are 1) Mental imagery training has a greater effect than mental autogenic training on shooting accuracy in Petanque sports, 2) There is an effect of kinesthetics perception on shooting accuracy in Petanque sports, 3) There is an interaction between mental training and kinaesthetic perception of accuracy shooting in petanque sport. So the conclusion of this study, to obtain high accuracy of shooting Petanque, athletes who have high kinesthetic perception should be selected, supported by programmed imagery training.
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References
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Blumenstein, B., Bar-Eli, M., & Tenenbaum, G. (1995). The augmenting role of biofeedback: Effects of autogenic, imagery and music training on physiological indices and athletic performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(4), 343–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419508732248
Caliari, P. (2008). Enhancing Forehand Acquisition in TableTennis: The Role of Mental Practice. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20(1).
Campos, A., González, M. A., Dopico, J., & Iglesias, E. (2001). Mental Imagery, Body Image, and Performance in Judo. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 21(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.2190/nw1k-a5cd-064a-gn23
Candau, R., Grappe, F., Dugué, B., & Rouillon, J. D. (2003). Effects of autogenic and imagery training on the shooting performance in biathlon. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(3), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609100
Candra, A. (2016). Pengaruh Latihan Menendang Menggunakan Imageri Terhadap Akurasi Tendangan Ke Gawang. Journal Sport Area, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2016.vol1(1).371
Chaudhuri, S., & Bhardwaj, A. (2018). Kinesthetic Perception : A Machine Learning Approach. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6692-4
Chitra Dhiman, H. S. B. (2010). Imagery On The Trait Anxiety Of The Hockey. 44(Suppl I), 2010.
Coon, D., & M. J. O. (2011). Psicologia Generale [General Psychology]. F. Giusberti, P. E. Ricci Bitti, L. Bonfiglioli, & E. Gambetti (Eds.). Torino; Italy: .: UTET Universitas.
Davids, K., Bennett, S., & Newell, K. M. (2006). Movement System Variability. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=IAamvxsVlGAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Eko Cahyono, R. (2018). Analisis Backswing Dan Release Shooting Carreau Jarak 7 Meter Olahraga Petanque Pada Atlet Jawa Timur. Jurnal Prestasi Olahraga, 1(1), 1–5.
Elbahrawi, M. (2014). The Effect of Kinesthetic Perception Exercises on Distance and Time Start in Crawl Swimming. Science, Movemetil Atid Health, 14(1), 116–121.
Ernst, E., & Kanji, N. (2000). Autogenic training for stress and anxiety: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 8(2), 106–110. https://doi.org/10.1054/ctim.2000.0354
Fatah, muhammad A. N. (2014). Journal of Physical Education , Sport , Health and Recreations. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 4(2), 1613–1620.
Fontani, G., Migliorini, S., Benocci, R., Facchini, A., Casini, M., & Corradeschi, F. (2007). Effect of mental imagery on the development of skilled motor actions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 105(3 I), 803–826. https://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.105.3.803-826
Groslambert, A., Candau, R., Grappe, F., Dugue, B., & Rouillon, J. D. (2014). Effects of Autogenic and Imagery Training on the Shooting Performance in Biathlon. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(September), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609100
Guarnera, M., Faraci, P., Commodari, E., & Buccheri, S. L. (2017). Mental imagery and school readiness. Psychological Reports, 120(6), 1058–1077. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117717262
Gunaratana H. (2002). Mindfulness in Plain English. Somerville: MA: Wisdom Publications.
Gustopo Bayu Laksana, H. P. & S. B. M. (2017). Perspektif Olahraga Petanque dalam Mendukung Prestasi Olahraga Jawa Tengah. Physical Education and Sports, 6(1), 36–43.
Hendrayana, Y. (2015). The Roles of Kinesthetic Perception, Adaptation, and Agility in Football Skils of. Journal for Youth, Sports & Health Education, 1(1), 85–98.
Hermawan, I. (2012). Gerak Dasar Permainan Olahraga Petanque.
Hutabarat, A. L., Watimena, F. Y., & Fitranto, N. (2017). Hubungan Konsentrasi Dan Persepsi Kinestetik Terhadap Kemampuan Shooting Pada Pemain U-11 Tahun Ragunan Soccer School. Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education, 1(2), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsce.01207
John Fraenkel; Norman E. Wallen; Hellen. (2012). How to Design And Evaluate Research in Education.
Jones, L. A. (2000). Kinesthetic sensing. Human and Machine Haptics, 1–10. Retrieved from citeulike-article-id:5176142%5Cnhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.133.5356
Kanji, N. (1997). Autogenic training. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 5(3), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-2299(97)80060-X
Katsura, T., & Kojima, K. (1982). Autogenic training and hypnosis. Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 22(5), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.15064/jjpm.22.5_411
Knäuper, B., Roseman, M., Johnson, P. J., & Krantz, L. H. (2009). Using mental imagery to enhance the effectiveness of implementation intentions. Current Psychology, 28(3), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-009-9055-0
Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Image and brain: The resolution of imagery debate. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.
Kristanto, N. (2020). Persepsi Kinestetik Terhadap Hasil Pointing Atlet Petanque Jawa Timur. Prestasi Olahraga, 3(1), 1–5.
Lang, P. J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 16, 495–512.
Lubis, M. R., & Permadi, A. G. (2020). Perbedaan Pengaruh Latihan Imagery Dan Tanpa Latihan Imagery Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Shooting Game Atlet Petanque Undikma. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 6(1), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.36312/jime.v6i1.1114
Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Rawlings, N. B., Francis, A. D., Greischar, L. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2009). Mental training enhances attentional stability: Neural and behavioral evidence. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(42), 13418–13427. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1614-09.2009
Mamassis, G., & Doganis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training program on juniors pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490437903
Mikicin, M., & Kowalczyk, M. (2015). Audio-Visual and Autogenic Relaxation Alter Amplitude of Alpha EEG Band, Causing Improvements in Mental Work Performance in Athletes. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 40(3), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9290-0
Moran, A. (2004). Sport and exercise psychology: A critical introduction East Sussex. East Sussex, UK: Routledge.
Murphy, S., Nordin, S. M., & Cumming, J. (2008). Imagery in sport, exercise and dance. In T. Horn (Ed.), Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology, 297–324.
Ngadenan. (2015). Kontribusi Persepsi Kinestetik dan Kelincahan Terhadap Hasil Tembakan Bola Basket. Nusantara of Research, 2(1), 36–48.
Nurfalah, R. T., Ugelta, S., & Imanudin, I. (2016). Pengaruh Imajery Training terhadap Keterampilan Hasil Shooting Sepak Bola di SSB Java Putra Yudha. Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Keolahragaan, 1(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.17509/jtikor.v1i1.1552
Rama Alestio, W. (2018). Pengaruh Circuit Training Dan Imagery Terhadap Akurasi Tendangan Penalti Sepakbola. Jurnal Patriot, 263–269.
Souef. (2015a). The Winning Trajectory. Malaysia: Copy Media.
Souef, G. (2015b). The Winning Trajectory. Malaysia: Copy Media.
Sutrisna, T., Asmawi, M., & Pelana, R. (2018). Model Latihan Keterampilan Shooting Olahraga Petanque Untuk Pemula. SEGAR, 7(2), 46–53.
Syahrudin Warta Kusuma Cucu Pradana. (n.d.). Kontribusi Tinggi Badan, Panjang Lengan, Keseimbangan, Konsentrasi dan Persepsi Kinestetik Terhadap Ketepatan Shooting Pada Olahraga Petanque. 1–5.
Thomas D. Patrick and Dennis W. Hrycaiko, & More, V. (2018). Effects of a Mental Training Package on an Endurance Performance. Human Kinestetic Journal, 12(3), 283–299.
Weinberg, R., Butt, J., Knight, B., Burke, K. L., & J. (2003). The relationship between the use and effectiveness of imagery: An exploratory investigation. , 15, 26-40. J Appl Sport Psychol, 15.
Zhang Li-Wei, Ma Qi-Wei, T. O. and L. Z. (1992). The Effect of Mental-Imagery Training on Performance Enhancement with 7-10-Year-Old Children. In The Sport Psychologist, 6(3).
Andi Khemal Akbar, A. N. (2018). Analisis Persepsi Kinestetik Terhadap Kemampuan Memanah Atlet Panahan Kota Palopo. Prosiding Seminar Nasional, 04(1), 206–214.
Blumenstein, B., Bar-Eli, M., & Tenenbaum, G. (1995). The augmenting role of biofeedback: Effects of autogenic, imagery and music training on physiological indices and athletic performance. Journal of Sports Sciences, 13(4), 343–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419508732248
Caliari, P. (2008). Enhancing Forehand Acquisition in TableTennis: The Role of Mental Practice. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 20(1).
Campos, A., González, M. A., Dopico, J., & Iglesias, E. (2001). Mental Imagery, Body Image, and Performance in Judo. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 21(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.2190/nw1k-a5cd-064a-gn23
Candau, R., Grappe, F., Dugué, B., & Rouillon, J. D. (2003). Effects of autogenic and imagery training on the shooting performance in biathlon. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(3), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609100
Candra, A. (2016). Pengaruh Latihan Menendang Menggunakan Imageri Terhadap Akurasi Tendangan Ke Gawang. Journal Sport Area, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2016.vol1(1).371
Chaudhuri, S., & Bhardwaj, A. (2018). Kinesthetic Perception : A Machine Learning Approach. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6692-4
Chitra Dhiman, H. S. B. (2010). Imagery On The Trait Anxiety Of The Hockey. 44(Suppl I), 2010.
Coon, D., & M. J. O. (2011). Psicologia Generale [General Psychology]. F. Giusberti, P. E. Ricci Bitti, L. Bonfiglioli, & E. Gambetti (Eds.). Torino; Italy: .: UTET Universitas.
Davids, K., Bennett, S., & Newell, K. M. (2006). Movement System Variability. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.id/books?id=IAamvxsVlGAC&printsec=frontcover&hl=id&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false
Eko Cahyono, R. (2018). Analisis Backswing Dan Release Shooting Carreau Jarak 7 Meter Olahraga Petanque Pada Atlet Jawa Timur. Jurnal Prestasi Olahraga, 1(1), 1–5.
Elbahrawi, M. (2014). The Effect of Kinesthetic Perception Exercises on Distance and Time Start in Crawl Swimming. Science, Movemetil Atid Health, 14(1), 116–121.
Ernst, E., & Kanji, N. (2000). Autogenic training for stress and anxiety: A systematic review. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 8(2), 106–110. https://doi.org/10.1054/ctim.2000.0354
Fatah, muhammad A. N. (2014). Journal of Physical Education , Sport , Health and Recreations. Journal of Physical Education, Sport, Health and Recreation, 4(2), 1613–1620.
Fontani, G., Migliorini, S., Benocci, R., Facchini, A., Casini, M., & Corradeschi, F. (2007). Effect of mental imagery on the development of skilled motor actions. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 105(3 I), 803–826. https://doi.org/10.2466/PMS.105.3.803-826
Groslambert, A., Candau, R., Grappe, F., Dugue, B., & Rouillon, J. D. (2014). Effects of Autogenic and Imagery Training on the Shooting Performance in Biathlon. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 74(September), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2003.10609100
Guarnera, M., Faraci, P., Commodari, E., & Buccheri, S. L. (2017). Mental imagery and school readiness. Psychological Reports, 120(6), 1058–1077. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033294117717262
Gunaratana H. (2002). Mindfulness in Plain English. Somerville: MA: Wisdom Publications.
Gustopo Bayu Laksana, H. P. & S. B. M. (2017). Perspektif Olahraga Petanque dalam Mendukung Prestasi Olahraga Jawa Tengah. Physical Education and Sports, 6(1), 36–43.
Hendrayana, Y. (2015). The Roles of Kinesthetic Perception, Adaptation, and Agility in Football Skils of. Journal for Youth, Sports & Health Education, 1(1), 85–98.
Hermawan, I. (2012). Gerak Dasar Permainan Olahraga Petanque.
Hutabarat, A. L., Watimena, F. Y., & Fitranto, N. (2017). Hubungan Konsentrasi Dan Persepsi Kinestetik Terhadap Kemampuan Shooting Pada Pemain U-11 Tahun Ragunan Soccer School. Jurnal Ilmiah Sport Coaching and Education, 1(2), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.21009/jsce.01207
John Fraenkel; Norman E. Wallen; Hellen. (2012). How to Design And Evaluate Research in Education.
Jones, L. A. (2000). Kinesthetic sensing. Human and Machine Haptics, 1–10. Retrieved from citeulike-article-id:5176142%5Cnhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.133.5356
Kanji, N. (1997). Autogenic training. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 5(3), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0965-2299(97)80060-X
Katsura, T., & Kojima, K. (1982). Autogenic training and hypnosis. Japanese Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine, 22(5), 411–417. https://doi.org/10.15064/jjpm.22.5_411
Knäuper, B., Roseman, M., Johnson, P. J., & Krantz, L. H. (2009). Using mental imagery to enhance the effectiveness of implementation intentions. Current Psychology, 28(3), 181–186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-009-9055-0
Kosslyn, S. M. (1994). Image and brain: The resolution of imagery debate. Cambridge: M.I.T. Press.
Kristanto, N. (2020). Persepsi Kinestetik Terhadap Hasil Pointing Atlet Petanque Jawa Timur. Prestasi Olahraga, 3(1), 1–5.
Lang, P. J. (1979). A bio-informational theory of emotional imagery. Psychophysiology, 16, 495–512.
Lubis, M. R., & Permadi, A. G. (2020). Perbedaan Pengaruh Latihan Imagery Dan Tanpa Latihan Imagery Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Shooting Game Atlet Petanque Undikma. Jurnal Ilmiah Mandala Education, 6(1), 101–106. https://doi.org/10.36312/jime.v6i1.1114
Lutz, A., Slagter, H. A., Rawlings, N. B., Francis, A. D., Greischar, L. L., & Davidson, R. J. (2009). Mental training enhances attentional stability: Neural and behavioral evidence. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(42), 13418–13427. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1614-09.2009
Mamassis, G., & Doganis, G. (2004). The effects of a mental training program on juniors pre-competitive anxiety, self-confidence, and tennis performance. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 16(2), 118–137. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200490437903
Mikicin, M., & Kowalczyk, M. (2015). Audio-Visual and Autogenic Relaxation Alter Amplitude of Alpha EEG Band, Causing Improvements in Mental Work Performance in Athletes. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 40(3), 219–227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-015-9290-0
Moran, A. (2004). Sport and exercise psychology: A critical introduction East Sussex. East Sussex, UK: Routledge.
Murphy, S., Nordin, S. M., & Cumming, J. (2008). Imagery in sport, exercise and dance. In T. Horn (Ed.), Advances in Sport and Exercise Psychology, 297–324.
Ngadenan. (2015). Kontribusi Persepsi Kinestetik dan Kelincahan Terhadap Hasil Tembakan Bola Basket. Nusantara of Research, 2(1), 36–48.
Nurfalah, R. T., Ugelta, S., & Imanudin, I. (2016). Pengaruh Imajery Training terhadap Keterampilan Hasil Shooting Sepak Bola di SSB Java Putra Yudha. Jurnal Terapan Ilmu Keolahragaan, 1(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.17509/jtikor.v1i1.1552
Rama Alestio, W. (2018). Pengaruh Circuit Training Dan Imagery Terhadap Akurasi Tendangan Penalti Sepakbola. Jurnal Patriot, 263–269.
Souef. (2015a). The Winning Trajectory. Malaysia: Copy Media.
Souef, G. (2015b). The Winning Trajectory. Malaysia: Copy Media.
Sutrisna, T., Asmawi, M., & Pelana, R. (2018). Model Latihan Keterampilan Shooting Olahraga Petanque Untuk Pemula. SEGAR, 7(2), 46–53.
Syahrudin Warta Kusuma Cucu Pradana. (n.d.). Kontribusi Tinggi Badan, Panjang Lengan, Keseimbangan, Konsentrasi dan Persepsi Kinestetik Terhadap Ketepatan Shooting Pada Olahraga Petanque. 1–5.
Thomas D. Patrick and Dennis W. Hrycaiko, & More, V. (2018). Effects of a Mental Training Package on an Endurance Performance. Human Kinestetic Journal, 12(3), 283–299.
Weinberg, R., Butt, J., Knight, B., Burke, K. L., & J. (2003). The relationship between the use and effectiveness of imagery: An exploratory investigation. , 15, 26-40. J Appl Sport Psychol, 15.
Zhang Li-Wei, Ma Qi-Wei, T. O. and L. Z. (1992). The Effect of Mental-Imagery Training on Performance Enhancement with 7-10-Year-Old Children. In The Sport Psychologist, 6(3).