Mental toughness of martial art athletes based on age and gender
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Abstract
Mental toughness is one of psyichological factors when athlete doing training or match. The function of mental toughness is to keep the atlethes fit when they have some difficulties in a match, feel the pressure during the match, and take behavior control so that they will not get stressed easily. This research aims to know mental toughness condition of the athletes through the age and gender. Data analysis techniques that we used for this research are descriptive statistic and cross tab. The sample was taken from 174 martial art atheletes (Age = 19.69 ± 2.89 ). Instrument of mental toughness refers to mental toughness dimension made by Clogh et al. (2001) which is; control, commintment, challenge, and confidence. The result of this research shows that most of them are on the high level of mental thoughness, and the majority is the men at the age of 19 to 22. In addition, the relationship that we observed in this study emphasized the need of coping and optimism training in mental toughness intervension.
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References
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Birch, P. D. J., Crampton, S., Greenlees, I., Lowry, R., & Coffee, P. (2017). The mental toughness questionniare-48: A re-examination of factorial validity. International Journal of Sport Psychology. https://doi.org/10.7352/IJSP.2017.48.331
Bompa, T.O. & Harf, G. G. (2009). Periodization Training for Sports: Theory and. Methodelogy of Training. (Fifth). America: United State of America.
Bulent, O. M., Ugur, O., & Ozkan, B. (2017). Evaluation of sport mental toughness and psychological wellbeing in undergraduate student athletes. Educational Research and Reviews. https://doi.org/10.5897/err2017.3216
Clough, P., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: The concept and it measurement. In Solutions in sport psychology.
Connaughton, D., Wadey, R., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2008). The Development and Maintenance of Mental Toughness: Perceptions of Elite Performers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 26(1), 83–95.
Connaughton, D., Hanton, S., & Jones, G. (2010). The development and maintenance of mental toughness in the world’s best performers. Sport Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.24.2.168
Cowden, Richard G. (2017). On the mental toughness of self-aware athletes: Evidence from competitive tennis players. South African Journal of Science. https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2017/20160112
Cowden, Richard Gregory. (2015). Mental Toughness Among Competitive South African Tennis, 158.
Gerber, M., Kalak, N., Lemola, S., Clough, P. J., Pühse, U., Elliot, C., … Brand, S. (2012). Adolescents’ exercise and physical activity are associated with mental toughness. Mental Health and Physical Activity. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhpa.2012.02.004
Golby, J., & Sheard, M. (2004). Mental toughness and hardiness at different levels of rugby league. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.10.015
Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., Dimmock, J. A., & Mallett, C. J. (2009). Understanding the coach’s role in the development of mental toughness: Perspectives of elite australian football coaches. Journal of Sports Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410903150475
Kumar, A. (2017). A comparative study of mental toughness between team sports and individual sports. International Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health.
Kumar, M. L., & Ahmed, S. (2013). Comparative Study on Mental Toughness Among Male and Female Tennis Plyers. International Journal of Sports Sciences & Fitness.
Mahoney, M. J., Gabriel, T. J., & Perkins, T. S. (2016). Psychological Skills and Exceptional Athletic Performance. The Sport Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.1.3.181
Marchant, D. C., Polman, R. C. J., Clough, P. J., Nicholls, A. R., Jackson, J. G., & Levy, A. R. (2009). Mental toughness: Managerial and age differences. Journal of Managerial Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940910959753
Muhamad, Memet; Hanif, Achmad Sofyan; Haqiyah, A. (2021). Statistika dalam pendidikan dan olahraga. Jakarta: PT. Rajagrafindo Persada.
Mylsidayu, A. (2013). Diktat psikologi olahraga. Bekasi: UNISMA.
Nicholls, A. R., Polman, R. C. J., Levy, A. R., & Backhouse, S. H. (2009). Mental toughness in sport: Achievement level, gender, age, experience, and sport type differences. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(1), 73–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2009.02.006
Priyambodo, B. (2018). Ketangguhan Mental Pada Atlet Ditinjau Dari Usia, Jenis Kelamin, dan Pengalaman Bertanding. Skripsi. Psikologi, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Quinn, T., & Cavanaugh, L. (2017). Mental Toughness. Strategies. https://doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2017.1344172
Raynadi, F. B., Rachmah, D. N., & Akbar, S. N. (2017). Hubungan ketangguhan mental dengan kecemasan bertanding pada atlet pencak silat di Banjarbaru. Jurnal Ecopsy. https://doi.org/10.20527/ecopsy.v3i3.2665
Sugiyono. (2015). Metode Penelitian & Pengembangan Research and Development. (S. Y. Suryandari, Ed.). Bandung: Alfabeta.
Tangkudung, J. (2012). Kepelatihan Olahraga. Jakarta: Cerdas Jaya.
Tangkudung, J., Haqiyah, A., Puspitorini, W., Tangkudung, A. W. A., & Riyadi, D. N. (2020). The effect of body mass index and haemoglobin on cardiorespiratory endurance. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(8), 346–355.
Vaughan, R., Carter, G. L., Cockroft, D., & Maggiorini, L. (2018). Harder, better, faster, stronger? Mental toughness, the dark triad and physical activity. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.002