Fluid Intake and Hydration Status among Sports Science Students at Cenderawasih University
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Abstract
Fluid intake is often neglected which has an impact on student productivity and achievement as well as the vulnerability of sports students to dehydration. The purpose of this study was to determine the fluid intake and hydration status of sports science studentsat Cenderawasih University. This cross-sectional survey with simple random sampling was conducted among 72 sports science students. The data collected were the characteristics of the subjects (age and BMI), fluid intake, hydration status and hydration knowledge. The hydration status was used to measure the urine color chart through the Self-Urine Check (PURI) card. Fluid intake was assessed using the 3x24 hour recall method and the semi-quantitative Food Frequency Form. The subject's hydration knowledge was assessed by using the Hydration Knowledge Scale (HyKS). The results showed that most of sports sciencestudents (69.4%) were well hydrated while respectively 18.1%, 6.9% and 5.6% were dehydrated in the light, moderate and severe categories. Total fluid intake was 2708.99±416.97 which was dominantly obtained from the water consumption. Hence, although most of the students were well hydrated, they were still found to be dehydrated. Correlation tests showed a very strong positive relationship between total fluid intake and hydration status. Further research involving physical activity variable in sports science students with a larger sample and sports nutritional education need to be conducted.
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References
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Penggalih, Mirza, H. S. T. , Zaenal, M. S., Eka R. R., & Yuniko, F. (2013). Prevalence of Dehydration among Students in Gadjah Mada University, Pp. 3-10.
Prayitno, S. O., & Dieny, F. F. (2012). Perbedaan konsumsi cairan dan status hidrasi pada remaja obesitas dan non obesitas (Doctoral dissertation, Diponegoro University).
Sari, N. A., & Nindya, T. S. (2017). Hubungan asupan cairan, status gizi dengan status hidrasi pada pekerja di bengkel divisi general engineering PT PAL Indonesia. Media Gizi Indonesia, 12(1), 47-53.
Savoie, F. A., Kenefick, R. W., Ely, B. R., Cheuvront, S. N., & Goulet, E. D. (2015). Effect of hypohydration on muscle endurance, strength, anaerobic power and capacity and vertical jumping ability: a meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 45(8), 1207-1227.
Shaheen, N. A., Alqahtani, A. A., Assiri, H., Alkhodair, R., & Hussein, M. A. (2018). Public knowledge of dehydration and fluid intake practices: variation by participants’ characteristics. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-8.
Sulistomo, A., Sutarina, N., & Ilyas, E. (2014). Hydration Status under General and Special Conditions.
Turyandari, A., Muwakhidah, M., & SKM, M. K. (2017). Indeks massa tubuh dan status hidrasi anggota club futsal SMA N 1 geger madiun (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
Veilleux, J. C., Caldwell, A. R., Johnson, E. C., Kavouras, S., McDermott, B. P., & Ganio, M. S. (2020). Examining the links between hydration knowledge, attitudes and behavior. European journal of nutrition, 59(3), 991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01958-x
Webb, M. C., Salandy, S. T., & Beckford, S. E. (2016). Monitoring hydration status pre-and post-training among university athletes using urine color and weight loss indicators. Journal of American College Health, 64(6), 448-455.
Wittbrodt, M. T., & Millard-Stafford, M. (2018). Dehydration impairs cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 50(11), 2360-2368.
Yuniastuti, Ari. Air dan Cairan Tubuh. In: Gizi dan Kesehatan, 1st ed. Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu, 2008; p.75-80.
Zhang, N., Du, S. M., Zhang, J. F., & Ma, G. S. (2019). Effects of Dehydration and Rehydration on Cognitive Performance and Mood among Male College Students in Cangzhou, China: A Self-Controlled Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(11), 1891.
Almatsier, S. (2019). Prinsip dasar ilmu gizi. Gramedia Pustaka Umum. Jakarta.
Barley, O. R., Chapman, D. W., Blazevich, A. J., & Abbiss, C. R. (2018a). Acute dehydration impairs endurance without modulating neuromuscular function. Frontiers in physiology, 9, 1562.
Barley, O. R., Chapman, D. W., & Abbiss, C. R. (2020). Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00381-6
Barley, O. R., Iredale, F., Chapman, D. W., Hopper, A., & Abbiss, C. R. (2018b). Repeat effort performance is reduced 24 hours after acute dehydration in mixed martial arts athletes. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 32(9), 2555-2561.
Benton, D., Jenkins, K. T., Watkins, H. T., & Young, H. A. (2016). Minor degree of hypohydration adversely influences cognition: a mediator analysis. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 104(3), 603-612.
Dubose, J., Shows, A. R., Ruiz, C. S., & Chilek, D. (2013). Effect of hydration education on knowledge and practices of high school male athletes in southeast texas. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(9), A87.
Dunford, M. (2010). Fundamentals of sport and exercise nutrition. Human Kinetics.
Edmonds, C. J., Crombie, R., Ballieux, H., Gardner, M. R., & Dawkins, L. (2013). Water consumption, not expectancies about water consumption, affects cognitive performance in adults. Appetite, 60, 148-153.
Ekpenyong, C. E., & Akpan, I. A. M. (2017). High prevalence and associated risk factors of dehydration among college students: implications for health and academic performance. Inter. J. Comm. Med. Pub. Health, 4(4), 1043-1055.
Fortes, L. S., Nascimento-Júnior, J. R., Mortatti, A. L., Lima-Júnior, D. R. A. A. D., & Ferreira, M. E. (2018). Effect of dehydration on passing decision making in soccer athletes. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 89(3), 332-339.
Giriwijoyo, S., & Sidik, D. Z. (2012). Ilmu kesehatan olahraga. PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Hew-Butler, T. D., Eskin, C., Bickham, J., Rusnak, M., & VanderMeulen, M. (2018). Dehydration is how you define it: comparison of 318 blood and urine athlete spot checks. BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 4(1)
Jeukendrup, A. E. (2017). Periodized nutrition for athletes. Sports medicine, 47(1), 51-63.
Kaur, S., Tung, S., Maykanathan, D., & Lim, Y. Y. (2017). The association of the hydration status and parental knowledge on fluid consumption with children's weight status in Malaysia. Sri Lanka J Child Health, 46(3), 222-9.
Kostelnik, S. B., Davy, K. P., Hedrick, V. E., Thomas, D. T., & Davy, B. M. (2020). The validity of urine color as a hydration biomarker within the general adult population and athletes: A systematic review. Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 1-8.
Maffeis, C., Tommasi, M., Tomasselli, F. et al. (2016). Fluid intake and hydration status in obese vs normal weight children. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 70, 560–565.
Magee, P. J., Gallagher, A. M., & McCormack, J. M. (2017). High prevalence of dehydration and inadequate nutritional knowledge among university and club level athletes. International journal of sport nutrition and exercise metabolism, 27(2), 158-168.
Nafara, A. B., Bahrudin, M., & Hasanah, A. (2017, July). Relation between Dehydration and Short Term Memory Function Impairment in College Students. In ASEAN/Asian Academic Society International Conference Proceeding Series.
Noakes, T. (2012). Waterlogged: the serious problem of overhydration in endurance sports. Human Kinetics.
Ozdoğan, Y., & Ozcelik, A. O. (2011). Evaluation of the nutrition knowledge of sports department students of universities. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 8(1), 1-7.
Penggalih, Mirza, H. S. T. , Zaenal, M. S., Eka R. R., & Yuniko, F. (2013). Prevalence of Dehydration among Students in Gadjah Mada University, Pp. 3-10.
Prayitno, S. O., & Dieny, F. F. (2012). Perbedaan konsumsi cairan dan status hidrasi pada remaja obesitas dan non obesitas (Doctoral dissertation, Diponegoro University).
Sari, N. A., & Nindya, T. S. (2017). Hubungan asupan cairan, status gizi dengan status hidrasi pada pekerja di bengkel divisi general engineering PT PAL Indonesia. Media Gizi Indonesia, 12(1), 47-53.
Savoie, F. A., Kenefick, R. W., Ely, B. R., Cheuvront, S. N., & Goulet, E. D. (2015). Effect of hypohydration on muscle endurance, strength, anaerobic power and capacity and vertical jumping ability: a meta-analysis. Sports medicine, 45(8), 1207-1227.
Shaheen, N. A., Alqahtani, A. A., Assiri, H., Alkhodair, R., & Hussein, M. A. (2018). Public knowledge of dehydration and fluid intake practices: variation by participants’ characteristics. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-8.
Sulistomo, A., Sutarina, N., & Ilyas, E. (2014). Hydration Status under General and Special Conditions.
Turyandari, A., Muwakhidah, M., & SKM, M. K. (2017). Indeks massa tubuh dan status hidrasi anggota club futsal SMA N 1 geger madiun (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta).
Veilleux, J. C., Caldwell, A. R., Johnson, E. C., Kavouras, S., McDermott, B. P., & Ganio, M. S. (2020). Examining the links between hydration knowledge, attitudes and behavior. European journal of nutrition, 59(3), 991–1000. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01958-x
Webb, M. C., Salandy, S. T., & Beckford, S. E. (2016). Monitoring hydration status pre-and post-training among university athletes using urine color and weight loss indicators. Journal of American College Health, 64(6), 448-455.
Wittbrodt, M. T., & Millard-Stafford, M. (2018). Dehydration impairs cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 50(11), 2360-2368.
Yuniastuti, Ari. Air dan Cairan Tubuh. In: Gizi dan Kesehatan, 1st ed. Yogyakarta : Graha Ilmu, 2008; p.75-80.
Zhang, N., Du, S. M., Zhang, J. F., & Ma, G. S. (2019). Effects of Dehydration and Rehydration on Cognitive Performance and Mood among Male College Students in Cangzhou, China: A Self-Controlled Trial. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(11), 1891.