Risk Factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

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Published Jul 1, 2018
https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v7i2.20565
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Vol 7 No 2 (2018): Unnes Journal of Public Health

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Andri Dwi Hernawan
Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
Aisyah Diningrum
Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
Sri Nugroho Jati
Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak
M. Nasip
Politeknik Kesehatan Pontianak

Abstract

Abstract


There were 112,000 ASD sufferers in Indonesia in 2012 and in 2015 it was estimated that there were 1 per 250 children or 134,000 sufferers. The proportion of ASD was 62.8% and in 2016 it was 1.28 out of 1000 children in 2015. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for the incidence of ASD in Pontianak City. The research method was analytic observational with a control case study design. The sample was 70 people (35 cases and 35 controls) taken by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Chi-Square test (α = 0,05). The results showed that the factors associated with the incidence of ASD were father's age (p = 0.03; OR = 4.00; CI = 1.250-12.804), stress history during pregnancy (p = 0.04; OR = 3.18; CI = 1.13-8.93) and insufficient months of birth (p = 0.036; OR = 4.88; CI = 1.22-19.4), while age of mother during pregnancy, passive smoker, antenatal hemorrhage and pregnancy interval were not associated with the incidence of ASD (p> 0.05). The conclusion of this study is father's age, the presence of a history of stress during pregnancy and insufficient months of birth associated with the incidence of ASD.


Keywords: Father’s age, Stress History, Autism Spectrum Disorder


 


Abstrak


Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) dikenal sebagai triad of impairments yaitu adanya gangguan perkembangan pada aspek komunikasi, adanya perilaku yang diulang-ulang dan gangguan dalam berinteraksi dengan lingkungan. Pada tahun 2012 dilaporkan sebanyak 112.000 penderita ASD di Indonesia, tahun 2015 diperkirakan terdapat 1 per 250 anak atau 134.000 penderita. Data dari UPTD Autis Center Kota Pontianak tahun 2015 proporsi ASD sebesar 62,8% dan pada tahun 2016 sebesar 1,28 dari 1000 anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian ASD di Kota Pontianak. Metode penelitian adalah observasional analitik dengan desain studi kasus kontrol.Sampel penelitian berjumlah 70 orang (35 kasus dan 35 kontrol) yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-Square (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD adalah usia ayah (p=0,03; OR=4,00; CI=1,250-12,804), riwayat stres saat hamil (p=0,04; OR=3,18; CI=1,13-8,93) dan lahir belum cukup bulan (p=0,036; OR=4,88; CI=1,22-19,4), sedangkan usia ibu saat hamil, perokok pasif, perdarahan antenatal dan jarak kehamilan tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD (p>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah faktor usia ayah, adanya riwayat stres saat hamil dan kelahiran belum cukup bulan berhubungan dengan kejadian ASD.


Keyword : Usia ayah, riwayat stress, Autism Spectrum Disorder

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How to Cite
Hernawan, A., Diningrum, A., Jati, S., & Nasip, M. (2018). Risk Factors of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Unnes Journal of Public Health, 7(2), 104-112. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v7i2.20565

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