A Literature review on the Identification of Variables for Measuring Hospital Efficiency in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)
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Abstract
The selection of input and output variables usually pose a problem when carrying out efficiency assessment in hospitals. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is an instrument that is used to calculate the efficiency of a hospital using some inputs and outputs. Therefore, this study aims to identify the most frequently used hospital inputs and outputs from an existing paper,, in order to assist the hospital management staffs in choosing the relevant variables that can represent available inputs, are easily accessible, and need improvement. It was conducted using keywords such as “hospital efficiency†and “DEA for hospital†to search for peer-reviewed journals in the PubMed and Open Knowledge Maps from the year 2014-2020. From, the 586 articles, 54 samples were obtained from the about 5-3504 hospitals which were analyzed from 23 countries. The results showed that, the five most used inputs were the number of beds, medical personnel, non-medical staff, medical technician staff and operational costs, while the most used outputs were number of inpatients, surgeries, emergency visits, outpatient service, and days of inpatients. These variables are often used for accessing the efficiency of hospitals in the DEA application.
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How to Cite
Fazria, N., & Dhamanti, I. (2021). A Literature review on the Identification of Variables for Measuring Hospital Efficiency in the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Unnes Journal of Public Health, 10(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v10i1.38253
References
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Botega, L. de A., Andrade, M. V., & Guedes, G. R. 2020. Brazilian Hospitals’ Performance: An Assessment of the Unified Health System (SUS). Health Care Management Science, 23: 443 - 452. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32372264/
Büchner, V. A., Hinz, V., & Schreyögg, J. 2014. Health Systems: Changes in Hospital Efficiency and Profitability. Health Care Management Science, 19: 130-143. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25304876/
Campanella, P., Azzolini, E., Izzi, A., Pelone, F., Meo, C. D., Milia, L. M., Specchia, M. L., & Ricciardi, W. 2017. Hospital Efficiency: How to Spend Less Maintaining Quality?. Annali Dell'Istituto Superiore di Sanità , 53 (1): 46-53. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28361805/
Cheng, Z., Tao, H., Cai, M., Lin, H., Lin, X., Shu, Q., & Zhang, R. 2015. Technical Efficiency and Productivity of Chinese County Hospitals: An Exploratory Study in Henan Province, China. BMJ Open, 5 (9): e007267. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/9/e007267
Cheng, Z., Cai, M., Tao, H., He, Z., Lin, X., Lin, H., & Zuo, Y. 2016. Efficiency and Productivity Measurement of Rural Township Hospitals in China: A Bootstrapping Data Envelopment Analysis. BMJ Open, 6 (11): e011911. https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/6/11/e011911
Chowdhury, H., Zelenyuk, V., Laporte, A., & Wodchis, W. P. 2014. Analysis of Productivity, Efficiency and Technological Changes in Hospital Services in Ontario: How Does Case-Mix Matter?. International Journal of Production Economics, 150: 74-82. https://econpapers.repec.org/article/eeeproeco/v_3a150_3ay_3a2014_3ai_3ac_3ap_3a74-82.htm
Cinaroglu, S. 2019. Integrated K-Means Clustering with Data Envelopment Analysis of Public Hospital Efficiency. Health Care Management Science, 23: 325-338. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10729-019-09491-3
Ferreira, D. C., & Nunes, A. M. 2019. Technical efficiency of Portuguese public hospitals: A comparative analysis across the five regions of Portugal. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 34 (1): e411-e422. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/hpm.2658
Flokou, A., Aletras, V., & Niakas, D. 2017. A Window-DEA Based Efficiency Evaluation of the Public Hospital Sector in Greece during the 5-Year Economic Crisis. PLoS ONE, 12 (5): e0177946. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28542362/
Miguel, J. L. F., Belda, C. F., & Vieites, A. R. 2019. Analysis of the Technical Efficiency of the Forms of Hospital Management Based on Public-Private Collaboration of the Madrid Health Service, As Compared with Traditional Management. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 34 (1): 414-442. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30303272/
Fuentes, R., Ferrándiz-Gomis, R., & Fuster-Garcia, B. 2019. Efficiency of Acute Public Hospitals in the Region of Murcia, Spain. Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research, 8 (11): 929–946. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31464149/
Gholami, R., Higón, D. A., & Emrouznejad, A. 2015. Hospital Performance: Efficiency or Quality? Can We Have Both with IT?. Expert Systems with Applications, 42 (12): 5390–5400. https://core.ac.uk/reader/78895650
Giancotti, M., Rotundo, G., Pipitone, V., & Mauro, M. 2018. Efficiency and Optimal Size of Italian Public Hospitals: Results from Data Envelopment Analysis. Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health, 15 (4): e12929-3. https://ebph.it/article/view/12929/11678
Guo, H., Zhao, Y., Niu, T., & Tsui, K. 2017. Hong Kong Hospital Authority Resource Efficiency Evaluation: Via A Novel DEA-Malmquist Model and Tobit Regression Model. PLoS ONE, 13 (2): e0193266. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28886087/
Hsiao, B., Chen, L. H., & Wu, H. T. 2018. Assessing Performance of Taiwan Hospitals Using Data Envelopment Analysis: In View of Ownership. International Journal of Health Planning and Management, 34 (1): e602–e616. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30289586/
Jia, T., & Yuan, H. 2017. The Application of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) Window Analysis in the Assessment of Influence on Operational Efficiencies After the Establishment of Branched Hospitals. BMC Health Services Research, 17 (265): 1–8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28403853/
Jiang, S., Min, R., & Fang, P. 2017. The Impact of Healthcare Reform on the Efficiency of Public County Hospitals in China. BMC Health Services Research, 17 (838): 1–8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5738802/
Jiang, S., Wu, W., & Fang, P. 2016. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Public Hospital Reform from the Perspective of Efficiency and Quality in Guangxi, China. SpringerPlus, 5 (1922): 1-10. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5097061/
Jing, R., Xu, T., Lai, X., Mahmoudi, E., & Fang, H. 2020. Technical Efficiency of Public and Private Hospitals in Beijing, China: A Comparative Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17 (1): 82. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31861922/
Kakeman, E., Forushani, A. R., and Dargahi, H. 2016. Technical Efficiency of Hospitals in Tehran, Iran. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 45 (4): 494–502. https://ijph.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijph/article/view/6580
Kalhor, R., Amini, S., Sokhanvar, M., Lotfi, F., Sharifi, M., & Kakeman, E. 2016. Factors Affecting the Technical Efficiency of General Hospitals in Iran: Data Envelopment Analysis. The Journal of the Egyptian Public Health Association, 91 (1): 20–25. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27110856/
Kang, L., & Kaipornsak, P. 2014. Technical and Scale Efficiency of Traditional Medicine Hospitals and General Hospitals in Inner Mongolia, China. Southeast Asian Journal of Economics, 2 (1): 105–137. https://so05.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/saje/article/view/48760/40520.
Kiani, M. M., Raei, B., Asbagharani, P. A., Yousefi, M., Rigi, A. A. M., Salehi, M., & Shiraz, S. M. 2018. Comparison of the Technical Efficiency of the Hospital Sector: Panel Data Analysis of the Iranian Hospitals Using Parametric and Non-Parametric Approaches. Bali Medical Journal, 8 (1):114-119. https://www.balimedicaljournal.org/index.php/bmj/article/view/1242
Kocisova, K., Hass-Symotiuk, M. & Kludacz-Alessandri, M. 2018. Use of the DEA Method to Verify the Performance Model for Hospitals. E a M: Ekonomie a Management, 21 (4): 125–140. http://www.ekonomie-management.cz/en/archiv/search/detail/1576-use-of-the-dea-method-to-verify-the-performance-model-for-hospitals/
Küçük, A., Özsoy, V. S., & Balkan, D. 2020. Assessment of Technical Efficiency of Public Hospitals in Turkey. European Journal of Public Health, 30 (2): 230-235. https://europepmc.org/article/med/31412115
Leleu, H., Al-Amin, M., Rosko, M., & Valdmanis, V. G. 2018. A Robust Analysis of Hospital Efficiency and Factors Affecting Variability. Health Services Management Research, 31 (1): 33–42. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28990800/
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