Health Policy Challenge for Breast Cancer Prevention: A Case Report
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Abstract
Breast cancer early diagnosis increases treatment chances, and self-examination is one of the commonest screening methods employed by women. The case of a 24-year-old Iranian woman with a history of mild mental retardation and chest pain was reported. A large lump was detected in the breast during visitation to the surgical clinic. The parents stated the lump was noticed due to a shape change in the clothes covering the patient's chest area. Therefore, the patient had mastectomy surgery after a biopsy and a malignant breast lump was confirmed. The registration and identification of people with mental disorder histories or various mental retardation degrees in each region's health centers to periodically assess their breast health tend to reduce the risk of late breast cancer detection in women.
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How to Cite
Torkmandi, H., Pourrahimi, A., Afshar, M. K., Fayazi, S., & Abdi, M. (2021). Health Policy Challenge for Breast Cancer Prevention: A Case Report. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 10(2), 180-184. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v10i2.40692
References
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Ali, A. & Katz, D.L. 2015. Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: How Integrative Medicine Fits. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49 (5S3): S230-S240. https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00408-0/pdf
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Bauer, A., Taggart, L., Rasmussen, J., Hatton, C., Owen, L. & Knapp, M. 2019. Access to Health Care for Older People with Intellectual Disability: a Modelling Study to Explore the Cost-effectiveness of Health Checks. BMC Public Health, 19 (1): 706. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6912-0
Biabani, N., Kheirjoo, E. & Alaie, P. 2019. Comparison of Quality of Life, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Parental Stress among Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children and Peers. Salamat Ijtima'i (Community Health), 6 (2): 165-173. http://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v6i2.23949
Chomistek, A.K., Chiuve, S.E., Eliassen, A.H., Mukamal, K.J., Willett, W.C. & Rimm, E.B. 2015. Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease among Young Women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65 (1): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.024
Dekker, A.D., Coppus, A.M., Vermeiren, Y., Aerts, T., van Duijn, C.M., Kremer, B.P. & De Deyn, P.P. 2015. Serum MHPG Strongly Predicts Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease in Behaviorally Characterized Subjects with Down Syndrome. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 43 (3): 871-891. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140783
Dalton-Locke et al. 2020. The Effectiveness of Mental Health Rehabilitation Services: a Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11 (607933) .https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2020.607933
Emily et al. 2021. Cardiovaskural Risk Factors are Associated with Future Cancer. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 3 (1): 48-58. https://www.jacc.org/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.12.003
Gutiérrez, A.M., Sotillo, J., Schlosser, S., Hummel, K. & Miller, I. 2019. Towards Understanding Non-infectious Growth-rate Retardation in Growing Pigs. Proteomes, 7 (3): 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes7030031
Hazarika, M., Das, S. & Choudhury, S. 2017. Parents’ Attitude Towards Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Developmental Disorder. International Journal of Child Development and Mental Health, 5 (1): 11-21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6530459/pdf/nihms-1026725.pdf
Hernández-Saca, D.I., Gutmann Kahn, L. & Cannon, M.A. 2018. Intersectionality Dis/ability Research: How Dis/ability Research in Education Engages Intersectionality to Uncover the Multidimensional Construction of Dis/abled Experiences. Review of Research in Education, 42 (1): 286-311. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X18762439
Kalliguddi, S., Sharma, S. & Gore, C.A. 2019. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Breast Self-examination amongst Female IT Professionals in Silicon Valley of India. Internation Journal for Equity in Health, 8 (2): 568. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_315_18
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Martins, C., Godycki-Cwirko, M., Heleno, B. & Brodersen, J. 2018. Quaternary Prevention: Reviewing the Concept: Quaternary Prevention Aims to Protect Patients from Medical Harm. European Journal of General Practice, 24 (1): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1422177
Mazon, C., Fage, C., Consel, C., Amestoy, A., Hesling, I., Bouvard, M., et al. 2019. Cognitive Mediators of School-Related Socio-Adaptive Behaviors in ASD and Intellectual Disability Pre-and Adolescents: A Pilot-Study in French Special Education Classrooms. Brain Sciences, 9 (12): 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9120334
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Monfared, A., Ghanbari, A., Jansar Hosseini, L. & Norozi, N. 2017. Status of Screening by Mammography and its Related Factors in the General Population of Women in Rasht. Iran Journal of Nursing, 30 (107): 32-41. http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2487-en.html
Nambi, V. & Bhatt, D.L. 2017. Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis: Time to Take a Selfie?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70 (24): 2992-2994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.068
Soroush, A., Farshchian, N., Komasi, S., Izadi, N., Amirifard, N. & Shahmohammadi, A. 2016. The Role of Oral Contraceptive Pills on Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in Iranian Populations: a Meta-analysis. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21 (4): 294-301. https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2016.21.4.294.
Spiridigliozzi, G.A., Keeling, L.A., Stefanescu, M., Li, C., Austin, S. & Kishnani, P.S. 2017. Cognitive and Academic Outcomes in Long-term Survivors of Infantile-onset Pompe Disease: A Longitudinal Follow-up. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 121 (2): 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.04.014
Takkar, N., Kochhar, S., Garg, P., Pandey, A., Dalal, U.R. & Handa, U. 2017. Screening Methods (Clinical Breast Examination and Mammography) to Detect Breast Cancer in Women Aged 40–49 Years. Journal of Mid-life Health, 8 (1): 2-10. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_26_16
Ahmed, A., Zahid, I., Ladiwala, Z.F.R., Sheikh, R. & Memon, A.S. 2018. Breast Self-examination Awareness and Practices in Young Women in Developing Countries: A Survey of Female Students in Karachi, Pakistan. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7: 90. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_147_17
Ali, A. & Katz, D.L. 2015. Disease Prevention and Health Promotion: How Integrative Medicine Fits. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49 (5S3): S230-S240. https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(15)00408-0/pdf
Al-Rifai, R.H. & Loney, T. 2017. Factors Associated with a Lack of Knowledge of Performing Breast Self-Examination and Unawareness of Cervical Cancer Screening Services: Evidence from the 2015 Egypt Health Issues Survey. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 18 (10): 2763-2769. https://doi.org/10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.10.2763
Bauer, A., Taggart, L., Rasmussen, J., Hatton, C., Owen, L. & Knapp, M. 2019. Access to Health Care for Older People with Intellectual Disability: a Modelling Study to Explore the Cost-effectiveness of Health Checks. BMC Public Health, 19 (1): 706. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6912-0
Biabani, N., Kheirjoo, E. & Alaie, P. 2019. Comparison of Quality of Life, Intolerance of Uncertainty, and Parental Stress among Mothers with Mentally Retarded Children and Peers. Salamat Ijtima'i (Community Health), 6 (2): 165-173. http://doi.org/10.22037/ch.v6i2.23949
Chomistek, A.K., Chiuve, S.E., Eliassen, A.H., Mukamal, K.J., Willett, W.C. & Rimm, E.B. 2015. Healthy Lifestyle in the Primordial Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease among Young Women. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 65 (1): 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2014.10.024
Dekker, A.D., Coppus, A.M., Vermeiren, Y., Aerts, T., van Duijn, C.M., Kremer, B.P. & De Deyn, P.P. 2015. Serum MHPG Strongly Predicts Conversion to Alzheimer's Disease in Behaviorally Characterized Subjects with Down Syndrome. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 43 (3): 871-891. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-140783
Dalton-Locke et al. 2020. The Effectiveness of Mental Health Rehabilitation Services: a Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11 (607933) .https://dx.doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2020.607933
Emily et al. 2021. Cardiovaskural Risk Factors are Associated with Future Cancer. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 3 (1): 48-58. https://www.jacc.org/doi/pdf/10.1016/j.jaccao.2020.12.003
Gutiérrez, A.M., Sotillo, J., Schlosser, S., Hummel, K. & Miller, I. 2019. Towards Understanding Non-infectious Growth-rate Retardation in Growing Pigs. Proteomes, 7 (3): 31. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes7030031
Hazarika, M., Das, S. & Choudhury, S. 2017. Parents’ Attitude Towards Children and Adolescents with Intellectual Developmental Disorder. International Journal of Child Development and Mental Health, 5 (1): 11-21. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6530459/pdf/nihms-1026725.pdf
Hernández-Saca, D.I., Gutmann Kahn, L. & Cannon, M.A. 2018. Intersectionality Dis/ability Research: How Dis/ability Research in Education Engages Intersectionality to Uncover the Multidimensional Construction of Dis/abled Experiences. Review of Research in Education, 42 (1): 286-311. https://doi.org/10.3102/0091732X18762439
Kalliguddi, S., Sharma, S. & Gore, C.A. 2019. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Breast Self-examination amongst Female IT Professionals in Silicon Valley of India. Internation Journal for Equity in Health, 8 (2): 568. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_315_18
Malvia, S., Bagadi, S.A., Dubey, U.S. & Saxena, S. 2017. Epidemiology of Breast Cancer in Indian Women. Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology, 13 (4): 289-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajco.12661
Martins, C., Godycki-Cwirko, M., Heleno, B. & Brodersen, J. 2018. Quaternary Prevention: Reviewing the Concept: Quaternary Prevention Aims to Protect Patients from Medical Harm. European Journal of General Practice, 24 (1): 106-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/13814788.2017.1422177
Mazon, C., Fage, C., Consel, C., Amestoy, A., Hesling, I., Bouvard, M., et al. 2019. Cognitive Mediators of School-Related Socio-Adaptive Behaviors in ASD and Intellectual Disability Pre-and Adolescents: A Pilot-Study in French Special Education Classrooms. Brain Sciences, 9 (12): 334. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9120334
McDaid, D., Park, A.-L., Knapp, M., Wilson, E., Rosen, B. & Beecham, J. 2017. Commissioning Cost-effective Services for Promotion of Mental Health and Wellbeing and Prevention of Mental Ill-health. http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/85944
Monfared, A., Ghanbari, A., Jansar Hosseini, L. & Norozi, N. 2017. Status of Screening by Mammography and its Related Factors in the General Population of Women in Rasht. Iran Journal of Nursing, 30 (107): 32-41. http://ijn.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2487-en.html
Nambi, V. & Bhatt, D.L. 2017. Primary Prevention of Atherosclerosis: Time to Take a Selfie?. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 70 (24): 2992-2994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2017.10.068
Soroush, A., Farshchian, N., Komasi, S., Izadi, N., Amirifard, N. & Shahmohammadi, A. 2016. The Role of Oral Contraceptive Pills on Increased Risk of Breast Cancer in Iranian Populations: a Meta-analysis. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21 (4): 294-301. https://doi.org/10.15430/JCP.2016.21.4.294.
Spiridigliozzi, G.A., Keeling, L.A., Stefanescu, M., Li, C., Austin, S. & Kishnani, P.S. 2017. Cognitive and Academic Outcomes in Long-term Survivors of Infantile-onset Pompe Disease: A Longitudinal Follow-up. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism, 121 (2): 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgme.2017.04.014
Takkar, N., Kochhar, S., Garg, P., Pandey, A., Dalal, U.R. & Handa, U. 2017. Screening Methods (Clinical Breast Examination and Mammography) to Detect Breast Cancer in Women Aged 40–49 Years. Journal of Mid-life Health, 8 (1): 2-10. https://doi.org/10.4103/jmh.JMH_26_16