Managing COVID-19 with Traffic transport Measures
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Abstract
Background:
Since transmission of the virus occurs by interaction among individuals, the transportation system is the main factor in the spread of the COVID-19. The purpose of the study was to explain traffic transport measures to managing COVID-19 in Iran.
Method:
We first received the approvals of the Iran Committee against COVID-19. Then, measures of travel restrictions in 120 approvals were selected and categorized by the research team.
Results
All the measures associated with travel restrictions were elicited from the data analysis and were classified into four categories, including private transportation within the city, travel by private transportation means, travel between countries, and public transportation.
Conclusion
Travel restrictions have a severe impact on the sector, causing major dysfunction in activities at airlines and airports and significantly increase the risk of failure for air transport-related businesses. Therefore, developing the strategies to correct and re-orientate their businesses is urgently necessitating. To decrease the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary the engagement of citizens, the private sector, governments at all levels, as well as international agencies, and all other related organizations.
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How to Cite
Mohamadloo, A., Batooli, Z., & Mostafaii, G. (2023). Managing COVID-19 with Traffic transport Measures. Unnes Journal of Public Health, 12(1), 33-37. https://doi.org/10.15294/ujph.v12i1.50222
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Yezli S, Khan A. COVID-19 social distancing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Bold measures in the face of political, economic, social and religious challenges. Travel med infect dis. 2020;37:101692. Doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101692.
Yuan J, Li M, Lv G, Lu ZK. Monitoring transmissibility and mortality of COVID-19 in Europe. Inter J Infec Dis. 2020;95:311-5. Doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.050.
Zhang J, Hayashi Y, Frank LD. COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey. Transp policy. 2021;103:68-85. Doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.01.011.
Zhao S, Zhuang Z, Ran J, Lin J, Yang G, Yang L, et al. The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: a data-driven correlational report. Travel med infect di. 2020;33:101568. Doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101568.
Bucsky P. Modal share changes due to COVID-19: The case of Budapest. Transp Res Inter Per. 2020;8:100141. Doi:10.1016/j.trip.2020.100141.
Cartaud A, Quesque F, Coello Y. Wearing a face mask against Covid-19 results in a reduction of social distancing. Plos one. 2020;15(12):e0243023. Doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0243023.t001.
Cartenì A, Di Francesco L, Martino M. How mobility habits influenced the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from the Italian case study. Sci. Total Environ. 2020;741:140489. Doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140489.
Carvalho, A. R. V. S. d., Cezarotti Filho, M. L., Azevedo, P. C. P. d., Silveira Filho, R. N., Barbosa, F. T., Rocha, T. J. M., . . . Ramos, F. W. d. S. (2020). Epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and future perspectives concerning SARS-COV-2: a review article. Rev Ass Méd Bras, 66(3), 370-374. doi:10.1590/1806-9282.66.3.370
Chinazzi M, Davis JT, Ajelli M, Gioannini C, Litvinova M, Merler S, et al. The effect of travel restrictions on the spread of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak. Science. 2020;368(6489):395-400. Doi: 10.1126/science.aba9757.
Daily situation on coronavirus diseasr (COVID-19) in Iran Iran: Epidemiological Committee of COVID-19, Ministry of Health and Medical Education; [2020/04/08]. Available from: http://corona.behdasht.gov.ir/.
De Vos J. The effect of COVID-19 and subsequent social distancing on travel behavior. Transp Res Int Per. 2020;5:100121. Doi:10.1016/j.trip.2020.100121.
Dzisi EKJ, Dei OA. Adherence to social distancing and wearing of masks within public transportation during the COVID 19 pandemic. Transp Res Inter Per. 2020;7:100191. Doi:10.1016/j.trip.2020.100191.
Gibney E. Coronavirus lockdowns have changed the way Earth moves. Nature. 2020;580(7802):176-8. DOI: 10.1038/d41586-020-00965-x.
Gössling S, Scott D, Hall CM. Pandemics, tourism and global change: a rapid assessment of COVID-19. J Sustain Tour. 2020;29(1):1-20. Doi:10.1080/09669582.2020.1758708.
Hellewell J, Abbott S, Gimma A, Bosse NI, Jarvis CI, Russell TW, et al. Feasibility of controlling COVID-19 outbreaks by isolation of cases and contacts. Lancet Glob Health. 2020;8(4):e488-e96. Doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30074-7.
Hu M, Lin H, Wang J, Xu C, Tatem AJ, Meng B, et al. Risk of coronavirus disease 2019 transmission in train passengers: an epidemiological and modeling study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(4):604-10. Doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa1057.
Kim JY, Choe PG, Oh Y, Oh KJ, Kim J, Park SJ, et al. The first case of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia imported into Korea from Wuhan, China: implication for infection prevention and control measures. J Korean Med Sci. 2020;35(5). Doi:10.3346/jkms.2020.35.e61.
Kraemer MU, Yang C-H, Gutierrez B, Wu C-H, Klein B, Pigott DM, et al. The effect of human mobility and control measures on the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Science. 2020;368(6490):493-7. Doi: 10.1126/science.abb4218.
Mogaji E. Impact of COVID-19 on transportation in Lagos, Nigeria. Transp Res Inter Per. 2020;6:100154. Doi.10.1016/j.trip.2020.100154.
Parr S, Wolshon B, Renne J, Murray-Tuite P, Kim K. Traffic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic: Statewide analysis of social separation and activity restriction. Nat hazards rev. 2020;21(3):04020025. Doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000409.
Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Gallego V, Escalera-Antezana JP, Méndez CA, Zambrano LI, Franco-Paredes C, et al. COVID-19 in Latin America: The implications of the first confirmed case in Brazil. Travel med infect dis. 2020. Doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101613.
Sokadjo YM, Atchadé MN. The influence of passenger air traffic on the spread of COVID-19 in the world. Trans Res Int Pers. 2020;8:100213. Doi:10.1016/j.trip.2020.100213.
WHO. All Coronavirus disease 2019 Q&As Geneva (Switzerland): World Health Organization; 2021 [Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/q-a-coronaviruses.
Wilson ME, Chen LH. Travellers give wings to novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Oxford Uni Press; 2020. Doi:10.1093/jtm/taaa015.
Wu J, Liu J, Zhao X, Liu C, Wang W, Wang D, et al. Clinical characteristics of imported cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Jiangsu Province: a multicenter descriptive study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;71(15):706-12. Doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa199.
Yezli S, Khan A. COVID-19 social distancing in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: Bold measures in the face of political, economic, social and religious challenges. Travel med infect dis. 2020;37:101692. Doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101692.
Yuan J, Li M, Lv G, Lu ZK. Monitoring transmissibility and mortality of COVID-19 in Europe. Inter J Infec Dis. 2020;95:311-5. Doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.03.050.
Zhang J, Hayashi Y, Frank LD. COVID-19 and transport: Findings from a world-wide expert survey. Transp policy. 2021;103:68-85. Doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.01.011.
Zhao S, Zhuang Z, Ran J, Lin J, Yang G, Yang L, et al. The association between domestic train transportation and novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) outbreak in China from 2019 to 2020: a data-driven correlational report. Travel med infect di. 2020;33:101568. Doi: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101568.